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HV Power Seminar Nov 2009 1

Symmetrical Components
Power Transmission
and Distribution

Siemens AG 2006
HV Power Seminar Nov 2009 2
Symmetrical 3phase system
Page 2
TLQ08 Symmetrical Components

Siemens AG 2006
Power Transmission and Distribution
Claus Wagner / Gustav Steynberg Mar 08
In a balanced 3 phase system it is possible to treat
each phase as an independant single phase. The other
phases follow with fixed 120phase displacement.
HV Power Seminar Nov 2009 3
Symmetrical Components
History
Due to Charles LeGeyt Fortescue (1918):
a set of n unbalanced phasors in an n-phase system can be
resolved into n sets of balanced phasors by a linear
transformation
The n sets of balanced phasors are called symmetrical
Page 3
TLQ08 Symmetrical Components

Siemens AG 2006
Power Transmission and Distribution
Claus Wagner / Gustav Steynberg Mar 08
The n sets of balanced phasors are called symmetrical
components
In the 3 phase system n = 3
HV Power Seminar Nov 2009 4
Symmetrical Components
Example: Non-symmetrical 3 phase voltage
Symmetrical Components Unbalanced 3ph Voltage
Page 4
TLQ08 Symmetrical Components

Siemens AG 2006
Power Transmission and Distribution
Claus Wagner / Gustav Steynberg Mar 08
HV Power Seminar Nov 2009 5
Symmetrical Components
Equations (Example voltage)
Calculation of phase voltage/current from symmetrical components:
2 1 0
V V V V
A
+ + =
2 1
2
0
V a V a V V
B
+ + =
(
(
(

=
2
1
1 1 1
a a A
Page 5
TLQ08 Symmetrical Components

Siemens AG 2006
Power Transmission and Distribution
Claus Wagner / Gustav Steynberg Mar 08
2
2
1 0
V a V a V V
C
+ + =
(
(

2
1 a a
Sym P
V A V =
|
|
|
|

\
|
=
C
B
A
P
V
V
V
V
|
|
|
|

\
|
=
2
1
0
V
V
V
V
Sym
HV Power Seminar Nov 2009 6
Symmetrical Components
Equations (Example voltage)
Calculation of symmetrical components from phase voltage/current:
3
0
C B A
V V V
V
+ +
=
2
V a V a V + +
(
(
(

a a
a a A
2
2 1
1
1
1 1 1
3
1
Page 6
TLQ08 Symmetrical Components

Siemens AG 2006
Power Transmission and Distribution
Claus Wagner / Gustav Steynberg Mar 08
3
2
1
C B A
V a V a V
V
+ +
=
(

a a
2
1
3
P Sym
V A V =
1
|
|
|
|

\
|
=
C
B
A
P
V
V
V
V
3
2
2
C B A
V a V a V
V
+ +
=
|
|
|
|

\
|
=
2
1
0
V
V
V
V
Sym
HV Power Seminar Nov 2009 7
Single line diagram symmetrical component circuits
Source
Transformer
Line
Source
Transformer Line
Single
Line
Positive
sequence
Page 7
TLQ08 Symmetrical Components

Siemens AG 2006
Power Transmission and Distribution
Claus Wagner / Gustav Steynberg Mar 08
sequence
Source
Transformer Line
Negative
sequence
Source
Transformer Line
Zero
sequence
delta
star
HV Power Seminar Nov 2009 8
Example: L1-E Fault
Source
Transformer
Line
Source
Transformer Line
Single
Line
Positive
sequence
L1-E
I1
Page 8
TLQ08 Symmetrical Components

Siemens AG 2006
Power Transmission and Distribution
Claus Wagner / Gustav Steynberg Mar 08
sequence
Source
Transformer Line
Negative
sequence
Source
Transformer Line
Zero
sequence
delta
star
IF
I0
I2
I1
3Z
F
HV Power Seminar Nov 2009 9
Example: L2-L3 Fault
Source
Transformer
Line
Source
Transformer Line
Single
Line
Positive
L2-L3
Page 9
TLQ08 Symmetrical Components

Siemens AG 2006
Power Transmission and Distribution
Claus Wagner / Gustav Steynberg Mar 08
Positive
sequence
Source
Transformer Line
Negative
sequence
Source
Transformer Line
Zero
sequence
delta
star
I
I0
I2
I1
2 Z
F
HV Power Seminar Nov 2009 10
Example: L2-L3-E fault
Source
Transformer
Line
Source
Transformer Line
Single
Line
Positive
sequence
L2-L3-E
I1
Z
F
Z
F
Z
F
Z
MF
Page 10
TLQ08 Symmetrical Components

Siemens AG 2006
Power Transmission and Distribution
Claus Wagner / Gustav Steynberg Mar 08
sequence
Source
Transformer Line
Negative
sequence
Source
Transformer Line
Zero
sequence
delta
star
I0
I2
I1
Z
F
Z
F
3ZM
F
HV Power Seminar Nov 2009 11
Example: Infeed from 2 sides onto L1-E fault
Source
Transformer
Line
Source
Transformer Line
Single
Line
Positive
L1-E
I1
Source
Source
Page 11
TLQ08 Symmetrical Components

Siemens AG 2006
Power Transmission and Distribution
Claus Wagner / Gustav Steynberg Mar 08
sequence
Source
Transformer Line
Negative
sequence
Source
Transformer Line
Zero
sequence
delta
star
I
I0
I2
I1

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