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United Nations
A/51/306
General Assembly
Distr. GENERAL26 August 1996ORIGINAL:ENGLISH
A/51/306 Fifty-first sessionItem 108 of the provisional agenda** A/51/150.PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF CHILDRENImpact of armed conflict on childrenNote by the Secretary-General1. The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit herewith to theGeneral Assembly the study on the impact of armed conflict onchildren, prepared by Ms. Grac'a Machel, the expert appointed by himon 8 June 1994, pursuant to General Assembly resolution 48/157 of 20December 1993. The study was undertaken with the support of theUnited Nations Centre for Human Rights and the United NationsChildren's Fund, as provided for in the resolution, and is the fruitof extensive and wide-ranging consultations.2. In the study, the expert proposes the elements of a comprehensiveagenda for action by Member States and the international community toimprove the protection and care of children in conflict situations,and to prevent these conflicts from occurring. The study demonstratesthe centrality of these issues to the international human rights,peace and security and development agendas, and should serve topromote urgent and resolute action on the part of the internationalcommunity to redress the plight of children affected by armedconflicts.3. The Secretary-General trusts that the General Assembly will givethorough consideration to this study and to the mechanisms requiredfor following up and monitoring the implementation of the conclusionsand recommendations it will adopt on this important subject.IMPACT OF ARMED CONFLICT ON CHILDRENReport of the expert of the Secretary-General, Ms. Grac'a Machel,submitted pursuant to General Assembly resolution 48/157
 
CONTENTSParagraphsPageI. INTRODUCTION .......................................... 1 - 289A. The attack on children ............................ 1 - 89B. Course of the study and its methodology ........... 9 - 2110C. Patterns and characteristics of contemporary armedconflicts ......................................... 22 - 2813II. MITIGATING THE IMPACT OF ARMED CONFLICT ON CHILDREN ... 29 - 20315A. Child soldiers .................................... 34 - 62161. Recruitment ................................... 36 - 43162. How child soldiers are used ................... 44 - 48183. Demobilization and reintegration into society . 49 - 57194. Preventing future recruitment ................. 58 - 61215. Specific recommendations on child soldiers .... 6222B. Refugees and internally displaced children ........ 63 - 90221. Vulnerability of children in flight ........... 67 - 68232. Unaccompanied children ........................ 69 - 74233. Evacuation .................................... 75 - 76254. Children in camps ............................. 77 - 80255. The situation of internally displaced children 81 - 83266. Asylum and the right to identity and
 
nationality ................................... 84 - 86277. Returning home and durable solutions .......... 87 - 89288. Specific recommendations for refugee andinternally displaced children ................. 9028C. Sexual exploitation and gender-based violence ..... 91 - 110291. Gender-based violence: a weapon of war ....... 91 - 95292. Child victims of prostitution and sexualexploitation .................................. 96 - 102303. Ending impunity ............................... 103 - 106324. Preventing gender-based violence .............. 107 - 109325. Specific recommendations on sexual exploitationand gender-based violence ..................... 11033D. Landmines and unexploded ordnance ................. 111 - 126341. The threat to children ........................ 113 - 118342. Mine clearance, mine awareness andrehabilitation ................................ 119 - 122363. The need for an international ban ............. 123 - 125374. Specific recommendations on landmines andunexploded ordnance ........................... 12638E. Sanctions ......................................... 127 - 135381. Humanitarian exemptions ....................... 128 - 130392. The need for child impact assessments andmonitoring .................................... 131 - 134403. Specific recommendations on sanctions ......... 13541F. Health and nutrition .............................. 136 - 165
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