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PADRAIG 6 BROIN
/.
IRELAND:
UR OF THE CHALDEES.
BY
ANNA WILKES.
LONDON
for
t(je
TRUBNER &
CO.,
LUDGATE
HILL.
1873[All rights
reserved.'}
J)
7<b
U/S'
LONDON
:
STEVENS AND RICHARDSON, PRINTERS, 5, GREAT QUEEN LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS, w.c.
STRTTET,
ERRATA.
For
PREFACE.
THE
material that has engaged
my
attention
in the following
pages
is
the
references to the
As
far
as
possible
be met with in
Anthropology
a science
the text
it
history,
tradition, folk-lore,
and other
interests that
go
human
families
Europe.
This
but
it
may appear
will
strange to
some people
vi
Preface.
ligent
mind that
again,
it
is
quite
possible
to
do
over
commentators and
and be
at the
Bible.
same
For
time, in perfect
cities,
by
their
own
confession,
up to the
present,
unascertained.
for
re-consideririg
of men,
as
distinguished
from
of
the Bible,
which, for
my
part,
accepted as correct
and veracious.
In the following pages there
is
no
allusion to
human
As
far as I
know,
much
British
reference to the
Islands, there
first
inhabitants of the
Preface.
to
vii
the pre-
marked
advised,
by
their
actions.
From
this
it
is
or
Norman
with
the
Celt
in
mutual
respect
and
prosperity.
but
not
to
in
a general way,
have
felt
obliged
labour,
and
to
particularise,
and
bring
it
his
chisel
How
have succeeded
in this is
now
to
be
viii
Preface.
judged by
my critics.
will
It
may be
the task
have
undertaken
difficult for
it
That
has been
willingly
confess,
am
con-
They
are,
Whether
its
this
book be or not
successful
and
by
its
complete-
ness
will
be at no distant date
forth in a periodical.
without
my
sincere
and
heartfelt
assis-
my
and
my
work
His constant
reading of
Biblical history
Preface.
faith in that
ix
Book
me
to
supplement, to
victions
illustrate,
and to enforce
I
my
con-
have undertaken,
we have both
at
doubly valuable,
ANNA WILKES.
UPPER NORWOOD,
September, 1873.
INTRODUCTION.
PERHAPS nothing
is
more
characteristic of the
made from
Dogma,
all
as well
the thoughtful
and nothing
is
allowed to pass
its full
complement of
Facts often
make
their
it
make
from them.
So
it
is
are
xii
Introduction.
But,
if
we
suffer,
we grow
wise
dis-
with time.
coveries,
we may say
and Philology
it
who
From
the mines
of wealth
is
worked by the
collected
much
If
it
that
is
contained in the
fol-
lowing pages.
of
fabric out
them
in
will
those
who
own
sake, while
The
subject
proposes that
the
locality
of
that
it
have
ever
existed
the East.
Those
Introduction.
xiii
who
consider
it
as
having been
in the East,
first
migrations
human
families,
family.
How
Principally because
men,
and
tribes of
men
removed
in
or courage, in
their
tribes,
existence
separated,
first
other families
and
perhaps
from
the
time of
their
feel
dispersion, enemies
and encroachers,
their
common
So
created
civiliza-
by each
or perhaps the
kingdoms and
of,
tions they
became aware
on their
the
or traded
for
with,
or
assailed
lost
way, are
the
most
part
to
knowledge of each.
What
xiv
Introduction.
give,
knowledge cannot
cession through the
Idea supplies
is
its
pro-
mind
is
great.
has
itself in
what
and conjures up
and the
things
!
obligation
of
recording
events
and
Like
stars looking
its
creation
and
to
no
ebullition of fancy so
much
as that
first
another existence.
The
fact
is,
per-
suaded that
all
in the
the Scripture
sites.
Wrongly
interpreting
beginning
Introduction.
of Nimrod's
xv
land of Shinar"
anything
else
it
to
make
this
believed.
But,
nevertheless,
has always
Shinar.
been a complete
Mistaking
the
made
it
necessary to find
it.
Thus, Shinar
(as
is
supposed to mean
in
Hebrew
two-
shown
in our pages),
something
like
river.
because
was thought
it
must be near or
But, even
it
is
an unsatisim-
portant a place
to
is
as
we must
believe Shinar
have been.
often
Shinar, to the
Commentators,
Araman
Naharam,
bear
xvi
"
Introduction.
interpretation
between the
rivers," or the
coun-
As
to
Chaldaea, the
in
any of
We
full
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
I.
2
.
New
...
...
6
7
'8
9
The
Celtic
with for
CHAPTER
TONGUES.
II.
their Locations
Arbitrary Classification of Languages The Kratylos of Plato Plato probably had no idea
.12
.
Max
of penetrating the Relationship of Languages Miiller and the Aryan and Semetic Tongues
of the
first
13
14
The Lingua-Prisca
inhabitants of Italy
. . .
17
18
21
Table of Aryan words from Max Miiller's Comparative Mythology, imperfect in Celtic examples " The Principles that must guide the Student of the
.
Science of Language" not established Examples of English, Irish, Chaldee, and Hebrew
.
Primitive words
22
xviii
Contents.
CHAPTER
SHINAR
IS
III.
EUROPE.
PAGE
The People
Hebrew and
of Shem,
be traced in pre-historic Europe Celtic etymology of the word Shinar Supposed Eastern Kingdoms, and People to be found in the West and not in the East
....
.
24
25
26
CHAPTER
CHALD^EA
IV.
P2
ticularly distinguished in
land
....
.
28
29
Examples of Names of Places and People in Great Britain to which the word Cal is prefixed Accad Many names of Ecclesiastical Foundations in Ireland, compounded of this word
.
30
...
.
30
31
Oread, Ocad
Similarity of Celtic "
and Arabic
"
tradition
32 33
The Saxon
Genesis
b'Raschith
'33
.
b'Cadmin
?......
.
33
34
or Assidasan, names of People of Chaldasa perhaps the same as the Essenian, afterwards represented by the Culdees
.
.
-35
36
.
much
of his Philosophy
little
by the
37
of the Gaels
Contents.
xix
V.
CHAPTER
UR OF THE CHALDEES
Eber and Heber
AS UR.
REFERENCE TO IRELAND
PAGE
The
Irish
Heber, a Hebrew
39 40
Heber welcomed in Ireland by Druids and ladies of the race, and name of Lughaid or Lud, the
brother of Arphaxad
......
. .
.
42
Descendants of Lud in the British Isles The Irish Round Towers Aryan and Semetic names of Irish Saints Much of the Ancient Literature of Ireland destroyed
.
Name of the
42
44 48
49 49
50
Stone Remains
in Ireland that
CHAPTER
VI.
53
CHAPTER
The Welsh
VII.
....
.
56
57
in
its
modifications, peculiar to
.
57
SECTION
I.
of Japhet
58
xx
Ancient Greek and
Celts, or
Contents.
PAGE
Roman
Cymry,
........61
Umbri
of Italy
.
.
60
pride themselves
Magog, Javan, Ashkenez, Rippath Togamah, Elisah, Tarshish Dodanam, Dedanim, Tuath-de-Danaan
.... .....
...
VIII.
62
62 63 64
CHAPTER
THE SONS OF HAM, AND HIS DESCENDANTS TERN EUROPE PROPHESY AGAINST THE AND RETROSPECT OF HABAKUK.
Ham, Hammonah, Hammon Gog
English names to which
IN WES"
ISLES,"
Ham
....
.
.
66
67
is
prefixed
Du
Cane,
Cann, etc Cush, Cushandal, Cushenden Midian, Madian, Meath, Midhe, etc. The words of Habakkuk Disturbed Geological Formation in Ireland " " Eruption of Lakes A Description of Bogs and Ancient Forests
.
68
68 68
... ......
.
.
69 70
7
1
il
"
.
72
74
as the
.78
near
78
.
Wood
Midianite Merchantmen
...
.
79 80
Contents.
xxi
CHAPTER
IX.
Semiramis and Nimis, Belus, Babylon, Bel Rhea or Cybele originated from Semiramis Kronos, or Saturn, was not only Ctish, Bel or Bal, but Ninus or Nimrod Nimrod (Kronos) King of the Cyclops, who were his brethren, and the inven.
81
82
tors of
Tower-building
83
CHAPTER
X.
85
....... .......
to
86
87 87
The Mons
88
Home
of the Hyperboreans
... ......
89
.....
XI.
in
90 90 94
CHAPTER
Traces of the Sons of
Shem numerous
Winged
;
Europe
95
The
Bull, the
Lion
Asshurbani-pal
Arphaxad
...
Winged
96
xxii
Contents.
Prydian, the origin of the name Britain The Serpent, a Chaldaean and Israelitish sign
...
.
PAGE
97
The
....
. .
.
97
Carnac
St.
98 100
101
Phaxad
.
.102
102
Aram
Wales
. . .
The Game
of
Troy
in
.103
.
What Josephus
104
CHAPTER
SALA.
Caer-Salug
XII.
105 105
Ban-Chors
Caer-Evrog, Eboricum, the old Levi and Lewis
........
name
of
York
.106
106
108
.
The Cornish
contains
Hebrew
William the Conqueror and the House of Israel The Psalter of " Old Sarum " " Salah," in the Psalms
.109 no
.
in
112
The Mahometan Story of Salah, &c. Names of places prefixed by the word Sala Names of people prefixed by the name
. .
CHAPTER
HEBER.
XIII.
.114
115
and
.
Peleg, a
Jocktan takes a Tribe into Arabia A few Arab and Celtic Traditions
.115
.
1 1
Contents.
xxiii
PAGE
Hud
as a Prefix to
names
.
.
in
England
.
.121 ,122
.
The Tower of Babel and the Hebrew Language DESCENDANTS FROM HEBER
123
124
CHAPTER
XIV.
.125
126 126
127
Tera and Tara Teman, Teman's town, Midian, and Cushan Tailten and Teltown
Temhair-na-Riogh Cormac's Palace at Tara Other buildings at Tara Poets who have written of Ancient Tara
O'Hartigan Excerpt from his poem
Ireland,
. .
.
127
130
Keneth
131
132
and Terah and Abram .136 The TV^rapuetes and Essenes 138 The Tardala and Tarleise of Spain, people of
138 139
-142
Sarai
.......
. .
145 147
of Ballymote
Moab
The
Situation of
Teman
entirely
unsuspected
Writers on Bible History Flocks and Herds, Speckled and Spotted Cattle, &c. Hazel and Green Poplar, not Eastern Trees
. .
xx iv
Contents.
PAGE
Mr. Rawlinson and the Mineral Resources and Climate of the supposed Neighbourhood of Ur " Sir Robert Kane and the Industrial Resources of
Ireland
157
159
Ire-
164
165
in
Gilead in Ireland
Jacob
sets
up a Stone
for a Pillar
;
....
STONE OF DES.
.
167 168
168
OR,
169
. . .
.178 .182
i83
185
in Italy
.187
1
187 88
The Dukes
Gebalines
Gabla mean Cabala-" Gblm," " Stone" Master-Masons " Squarers," and Gobban-Saer Freemason-sage, one of the Guabhres
.
.
.........
. . .
.
Edom
.189 .191
192
193
194
194
or Cabiri
Aliben.
.195 .195
196
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER
THE EXTENT OF CHALD^EA THE
ITS
I.
SITUATION NOT IN
EAST.
TN
we do
so in order to
as
show
to
that
not
have
contained the
posed
that
to
area,
and therefore
not
the
or country
of
Chaldaea was
on
this
subject
is
We
:
work
a passage on Chaldsea
is
"It
made by
The
principal tract
which
in length, varying
from
20 to
100
breadth,
and
perhaps
an area of about
The
tract
at all times
and
in the
most
flourishing period
"
We
purposes.
The
division
which
appears
to
extending
from Hit to a
little
In each
or
of these
districts
we have
of tetrarchy,
The beginning
of his
the
land of
Shinar.' *
The southern
Ur, or Hur,
composed of the
four cities
Ur
of the
and
Ellasar.t
The
northern
and
Sippara, of which
in Scripture.^
all,
Besides these
others, as
tained
many
Chilmad, Dur-kurri-galzu,
Tel-Humba, &c.
It
is
not
We may,
either certainly,
* Gen. x. 10.
His note
is,
"The
further represents
Babylonian
'
:
more northern regions Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the " (Gen. x. n, 12.) city Rehoboth, and Calah, and Resen.'
their emigration to the
number on
"In
name
forms a
sufficient
ground
In the fourth
Talmud
"
that
Nopher was
The Hebrew term J Sippara is the Scriptural Sepharvaim. has a dual ending, because there were two Sipparas, one on
either side of the river.
"
B 2
4
"
Ur,
the most
capitals,
no
mouth.
It
chief commercial
emporium
its
The name
is
on
its
right bank,
and
opposite
its
junction
with
the Shat-el-Hie)
'
The
Now
the
substance of
all
this
is,
that
Chaldsea
district
in
length,"
and
that
in breadth;"
and
Chaldea,
calculated
to
by
H. Rawlinson
in the
Journal of
the
Geographical
p.
(
t " Mr. Taylor in the Journal of the Asiatic Society, vol. xv., Sir H. Rawlinson prefers the derivation of Um-qir, 260.
"
miles.
upon the
us
of
the
subject
him,
goes
on
to
"probable" situation of
ing to Sir
Ur
it
or Hur,
and
that accord-
H. Rawlinson,
is
far safer
so to do than to
in
new
direction,
which,
however,
enticing,
and
affording
abundance and
scholar.
archaeologist,
Handed down
to us are
as
doubtful
the
suggests
what
is
given as the
nothing more:
^p
river.
" nahr"
or
"
ar,"
Chaldaeais rendered,
D'IBO ptf,
"the country,"
is
no
who gave
his
name
to the city of
Nahor
in
Aram-Naharaim.
Aram-Naharaim,
D^PO
Dltf, Aram,
"
between the
signification.
the Hebrew,
or Syriac, consequently
compounded a word
it
Hebrew
7^
is
confusion.
latter are
exactly
is
the
state
in
which
the
question
time
We
names of
stood to
mean
between rivers
Arabic Al-Jezireh, or
interpretations
"The
Island."
How
these
they are
than
At
7
are
Is
obvious
that
our best
scholars
undecided as to the correct meaning and geographical position of Shinar, Chaldsea, Aram-Naharaim,
We
have
of
new edition
the Bible,
and thought,
(as
we
upon
that
tangible
from
in
many hypotheses
The
that have
been constructed
defence of a
ture places.
locality for
new
edition of
upon the
subject.
To Mr. Rawlinson
they owe
much
in
the
to
same way
as
he found
it.
This
is
what was
be expected,
misapprehension
one
place,
like
and
this
words have a
meaning.
Calah
In Gen.
is
x. 10, it is
and
2 of the
same
forth
is
"
given
a Calno quoted by
place.
There
is
nothing
same
place.
Calah,
it
may be
district
claimed for
there,
it
by Rawlinson, but
sufficient
was not
went out
is
to
know
" Asshur
"
with Babel,
Erech,
1
beginning,
(Heb.
JV^K "!,*
rashitJi).
described as
cities
of
Nineveh,
situations
Calah.
For the
there
is
ample evidence.
The
Nimrod should
be understood as
the
beginning."
by
of
over which
it
was spoken
by
philologists to
and
by
upon
many
countries
and
cities in
Chaldaea
a place not
in the
Book"
that contains so
many
truths
about our
*
first
state
and our
Chaldsea
future
life.
As
before
stated
is
rendered
10
CHAPTER
II.
A1
THERE
the
habitation of
Noah was
after his
any
rate, satisfactorily
but
we
are informed
it
was
a land in which
as
Of
we
immense extent
and north
and
into Asia
Minor again
Why
they
some other
point,
although
it
Remarks on
by many
it is
the
Sons of Noah.
1 1
on
its
south, in the
Japhetian chart.
lamus and
far as
The
and
descenAfrica.
dants of
Ham
are assigned
to Arabia
The names
Noah
The whole
and of one
speech.
And
came
to pass, as they
journeyed from
;
there." (Gen.
this,
xi.
i,
2.)
Of
course
it
Noah
from
the East.
if it
In
did
Europe,
we
reader
12
Remarks on
the
Sons of Noah
subsequent pages.
that
that
'safely
assume
the
sons of
Noah spoke
one
language; what
question to
language was
may be
but
difficult
answer correctly;
from at
difficulty
it
among
once
made a whole
others.
made
effected
guages
fact
will
it
philologists are
is
this
and observation
after truth,
and bring
We
it
do
it
If
it
we
subject
is
because they
may be found
necessary to
The
were
first
And their
grammarians.
Yet, as
Tongues.
13
may be
do more
The
idea of penetrating
It
was reserved
the
first
step towards
the
speech used by
to divide
man
is,
conceived.
The Aryan,
tongues have
not at present
;
much towards
Under
Armenia, Greece,
we judge
we admit
But inasmuch as
it
can only,
at present,
be conjee-'
14
Remarks on
first
the
Sons of Noah
state of language,
it
and natural
there
much tendency to
err dividing
into classes.
Thus the
Sanskrit
Celtic
and Arabic,
lan-
and
dissimilar words.
But
and
their
things
and
admixture of race,
and by
their
monuments of
normal
state
civilization
in
decay.
Man
in
his
by
rules.
Max
and unbounded,
says
And their
Greek,
Tongues.
15
and
Latin,
to itself to
follow out
its
own
laws,
let
or hindrance.
more
Sanskrit
and Hebrew." *
historical
Although the
was formed a
speech
the
wild,
languages
Europe
cannot be
written in detail,
we may arrive
became the
Latin, Gothic,
on which the
Who
It
Language,
p.
10.
Remarks on
the Sons
of Noah
many
to
be found
held by
many
that
scholars.
Max
Miiller gives, as
an example,
E<r-/z
mas, we.
Greek.
icrevTi)
So we
is
find
from
preserved
by
sunt.
Here
altogether, while
sunt=santi.
older language
An
than either
may
yet
be
in
existence.
Those words
to signify
human
existence,
such as
man, woman,
air,
father,
mother, brother,
village,
are
and meaning
in
And their
also in the Celtic,* the
Tongues.
rela-
solved,
and
be delighted
that the
at
any
rate,
brought to a confession
from the
one
is
locality.
:
The
relationship of the
Aryan languages
evident
ENG.
Father,
SANSKRIT. ZEND.
pitrir,
GREEK.
TTOT^p,
/i^rrjp,
LATIN. GOTHIC.
pater, fadar,
...
SLAV.
...
IRISH.
athair.t
patar,
Mother,
Brother,
Sister,
matar,
matr,
khawha,
mater,
mati,
brat,
mathair.
brathair.
bhratar, brata,
svftsar,
((par^p),
...
frater, bropar,
soror,
...
svistar,
sestra, siur.
dauhtar(LiTH.)dukte,dear.
The
above, from
Max
by the
first
The
Lingua-Prisca of the
first
The Greek
itself
meantime
Erse of
Under
Celtic will
be included, as well as
Irish, the
t Ab,
as
Hebrew,
is
Am
is
Mother.
C
Remarks on
much
the
Sons of Noah
it
retained
We
make
probability ramifications
;
Europe
and, even
if it
were
is
We
in
again turn to
Max
Miiller,
who
interests
us
Aryans.
That
life
their
words
life
the
being a
of peace
the
sufficiently
Max
Miiller
at the
same time
it
is
to
be regretted
that he
language, examples of words from which he gives in the paradigm, while other examples ready to his hand,
are
left
out.
We
p. 26.
And their
Tongues.
-S -P ".
tao rt
P
:
5
Q-.
:J2
&
d
*1: K
rf
jSai
odd
f b .eli| ^ W IE w
^
.2 -^
to U?
rt
rt
d K
d d
.d
d w
odd
d K
q S
S5
a
cs
K M 58 d d 6
c 3
.s
Mil EEll
ii
IIJg^
lit.*: t ^! iV^
l
2O
The
Remarks on
last
the
Sons of
goose,
Noak
Gaelic" but
it
word
"
in the
list,
was rendered by
"
Max
Miiller
now
The
same as
only difference
is
that
Max
in Saxon, Gaelic,
is
and
Irish,
gander.
The
table of
and people.
And
it
if
the
will
be
is
commonly supposed.
We
Hebrew, and
They, we hope,
will
be found
sufficient to interest
same
still
the
list,
would
doubt
this,
divesting themselves
much
upon
as possible of preconception
correct
judgment
that
come of
Let
them remember
Nor
is this
to
be wondered
of his vanity
when we come
to perceive that
man
And their
Tongues.
21
To
we can promise,
if
he gives
idle
and grammarians.
We
find
Max
Muller
" (in the preface to his Chips from a German Work" the principles that must shop," p. 19) telling us that " guide the student of the science of language are now
jirtnly established."
are, for
We wonder
Max
as
nor
to,
far
we know, any of
is
the numerous
Per-
connected.
the exercise
of a student's
breast
stupendous learning
all
the
contents
of
all
lexicons,
words
disposed
by
required to unbury
there
is
much work
left
22
Remarks on
the
Sons of Noah
And their
>>
*
n.
Tongues.
I !
s
15
^
t:
-f!
^
f~\ _
1 Q
0)
& v
_g
1 I
o
"I
e u
dn
an
I s
5 a
|||
>,
id
o u
< W
CHAPTER
SHINAR
IS
III.
EUROPE.
clear of the
HP HE
to our mind,
Japhet,
to
may be
point out
traced
that
in
preis
Europe, and
to
Shinar
ascertainable
with Ur, in
its
western quarter.
stated,
As
before
Shinar,
according to Scripture
by the Tigris
is
and Euphrates.
as un-
meaning
name,
it is
as the
"
supposed to
when
we
name/^r
Chaldsea), as
See
p. 5.
Shinar
is
Europe.
25
Nearly the same
of Aram-Naharam, (which
between the rivers],
to the
we
are told
and
also
of
Mesoleft
As
thrown satisfactory
unusually bold
light
upon
it.
He
would be an
spirit
who would
problem,
that
because Shinar,
Aram-Na-
one place
in the East.
A Celtic etymology
perhaps nearer, the
in Irish,
for Shinar,
truth.
would be as
near,
tract of
and ar (ara\ a
tract of country.
This
is
consideration of the old European, Irish, British, and other Celtic remains
will, at least,
make us
reject the
are,
no doubt,
Perhaps we strain to a conclusion in this respect, for its meaning, in Irish (Ceile de), is, a preserver of fires a Culdee, from Cal, Cail, Ceill, to burn. Some give the meaning of Ceill,
as servant,
Gil (the
modern form
Gillie] is
more
likely to bear
this signification.
26
Shinar
called Mesopotamia.
is
Europe.
of Nergal
now
The descendants
of
Shem
;
Arphaxad, Shelah,
Ham
have
left
particular
and
Ireland, in
in
Spain
more
far
more
than are
be found
in
Asia
less
it
therefore Shinar,
we must claim
reader
be nothing
than Europe.
is
The
who
follows us will,
in favour
may be
and
The
be
be found
in the
It shall
found
in the East.
be our
effort to
show
that,
literatures,
all
but the
the
of distinct
nations,
point
in
one
Shinar
direction,
is
Europe.
27
and
modern science
are
daily
contributing
seat of
many
places
and people
remove
Holy
Writ.
We
will strive to
is
a small district
miles,
Asia,
less
than
Ireland
by 9,000 square
nearly surrounded
by two
Chaldaea,
Aram-Naharam,
Babylon,
Mesopotamia,
We
will
will
direct
evidence in
readers
we hope our
"
remember
is,
possibly be situated
round about
a Babylon that
was neither an
island,
28
CHAPTER
CHALD^EA
IS IN
IV.
WESTERN EUROPE
REFERENCE TO
HTHE
that of
first
The
religion
Noah and
his sons.
The Chaldaean
religion,
Up
to
after,
the sons of
Noah became
and
sacri-
altars,
by
fire
and
The remains
and
Ireland,
to
special
reference
the
signi-
The
place, the
same
The
part of the
call, ga/,
it
word Calneh,
and
feill,
Ca/,
is
some-
each of which
in
mean
"to
bum"
of
has no meaning
.
Hebrew
more
the
significant
fire.
Sometimes by metonomy,
stone
altar,"
which
is
Chaldtza
is
in Western Eiirope. by
"fire
29
and smoke."
to the
establish as
of
the
languages,
the
the
Hebrew
Celtic
because
for the
may be
of their
and
we
will
Hebrew
accordingly
we discover
10,
Jer.
means a
ix.
that nah, or neh (JlfcO) as in Jer. xxiii. " a house," as in '''pleasant habitation" or xxv. 37;
10
and
So the
e.g.,
who
sacrifice
by
fire.
Or according
to
Ge-
may come
of Arabic, and
mean
ness," "beauty."
To
to shine, is
not
so figurative as what
the three
words following
it,
nearly expresses
is,
or
fire,
that
to
burn.
Calneh,
Chaldsea.
its
probably was
If
in
the
origin
of
the
word
we
take
it
name
account for
becomes
intelligible.
Then
if
*Djd,
or God,
3O
stood,*
Chaldcea
we
will
is
in Western Europe.
avoid
much
word
given
is
by Calmet
fields,
"
:
As daemons,
or as robbers, or breasts, or
from
pn&?
shadah,
its
and
O &'"
There
is
God
in that
dcea
mean
is
still
name
in
and
is
Calne,
Wiltshire.
We
find
that
Cal
prefixed to
many
other
families,
known by
name
in the
same
place.
It is also
The Accad
of
kingdom.
The
"
a divine
sign, a prophetic
Chaldcza
on
this side of
in Western Europe.
at
31
Europe we see
once by referring to
numerous
names of
this
ecclesiastical foundations
compounded of
;
word
Achade-Dagain
(St.
Dagan), in Waterford
Achad-Ur
other
name
Dungoon, Waterford
Achadh-Chaoin
Achonry, Sligo
;
name
for
is
besides
many
others.*
if
The word
tensively in Ireland
we
take
it
in its corrupted
is
form
field.
Agherdruim
rendered
The
now
spelt, is
however strange
of the
it
may
"
Arabs, the
of golden verses."
the
We
have
in
Ocad, as in Accad,
in
word
cad,
which means
in Celtic,
Hebrew, t
and Arabic,
refers to
holy.
The Accad
is to
of Genesis no doubt
an Accad that
be found, not to
an Accad
that
make an
* See Keane's
Ireland, p. 87.
f Jfy"Jp, Kadosh) the Hebrew of the present day would " kadosh kadosh kadosh !" " holy holy holy !" say for
!
!
The Arabs
kaddus
"
!
say,
for
is
the
same
thing,
" kaddus
kaddus
Al-kadr
32
eastern
Chaldcza
locus
is
in Western Europe.
for
it.
And where
that
should we
gives us so
look
for Accad,
many
examples
significations,
and many
is
and
religious rites.
What
called
Arab
tradition
is
tion, as well as
Old Testament
Enoch; strange
this
should be the
name
of a mountain
in the principality of
Wales
The Arab
those
the
" history of
Sala,
who
singularly
enough drawn
the
idea
is
of
religious
teaching.
The Accad
of
Genesis
rod's
of the
it,
beginnings of Nim-
kingdom,
from
as an institution, arose
the Acadahs
of Ireland,
the
Academies of Greece.
How
near
upon the
Chaldcza
is
in Western Europe.
33
Cadmus who
Greece
is
is
better
seen
when we consider
like
that
Irish,
the
Phoenician
alphabet
had,
the
old
but
sixteen letters.
The Saxon
"
This
is
appear when
is
remembered
that
Caedmon
the initial
in the
Chaldee
paraphrase or
or
Targum
(the b
is
b'Cadmon
is
literal translation
initial
word of the
Hebrew
text.
It
may be
the
first
book of
the
initial
The Chaldaic
day,
is
poip, as an adjective,
it is
may be
translated eastern, as
east.
secondary
this root
much
from the
34
The
Chaldcea
religion
is
in Western E^lrope.
Britain
of Great
The worship
of
God by sacrifice on unhewn stone altars, after the custom of Noah (Gen. viii. 20, 21, 22). The Druids
preserved the religion of Noah.
Eachdrczdth, which
the
drcedth
word
is
same
as
Druid.
The Ur-Bruides
as
may be
The
Chief
gathered
as
the
and
:
Bards
the
;
of
the
Welsh.
or
three
orders
were
High
Priest,
;
Druid,
green.
the Ovate,
The
Bancors, or stone
circles,
for
and song.
is
made up
of
cora, a choir.
So
ban
is
understood
of
the
in
Albion,
signifying
Britain.
the land
white
the
ancient
Ireland had a
name
Banba.
The
who were
Chald&a
priests,
is
in Western Europe.
35
and
the
choristers
are
in
white.
The Chasidim,
other
or
Assidsean,
'Ao-a&uoi
names
for
the people
of
Chaldsea
who,
it
will
be
The Essenians
vii.
are
given
as
Asdanim
in
Mace.
13.
commend
the
manner of
After their
captivity, the
members of
the Jewish
Church divided
the constitutions
who superadded
and
righteous,
who observed
"
The Hebrew
expressed in
Greek sometimes by an
or
it
aspirate, in Latin
by an
^,
may be that
now
it
is
in Assidseans/' *
Prid.,
II.,
bk.
iii.
Let us
or 'Ape*).
It is
said
Tal-Iesin, a name frequently applied to Welsh bards, is explained as the head of the Essenians, from Tal the head or
so the
word
tall is
preserved in English.
D 2
36
to
Chaldaa
mean,
length,
is
in Western Europe.
physic,
word
is
of
Ammianus
place
of
the
Arectsean
fields,
abounding
to take
fire,
in naphtha,
and
as a
consequence subject
to the
first
we then
refer its
meaning
part
Hebrew
Ur
What
are
we
forced to draw
from
simply that
Ur
signifies that
which burns
(U|t, fire).
and
is
many
had a common
who
much
we
it
is
that there
was a
while
the
philosophy and
learning
of
Ckald&a
is
in Western Ezirope.
its
37
people
their
to
know how
to
perpetuate
disadvantage, in directly
establishing in the
greatness,
and
that
as
that his
country was
distant,
and without,
its
we
domin-
ancy
growing ambition of
Rome,
for
a time
and aggrandizto
an extent
received
arts,
absorbed
but
meantime,
the
Romans
and
and
to
correctly estimated,
as
spread
their
arms
extended
west
its
of
Europe.
After a time
Christianity
made
more
Rome,
to
down
the
modern
Biblicast
and
growth of
Greek and
Roman
insight
little
known of their
we have
minds
38
Chaldcza
is
in Western Europe.
it
of the Greeks
nor did
enter the
Roman mind
structures of Greece
and
religion, full
of beauty, mystery,
mind and
heart,
Hebrew and
the
Mahometan and
It will
modern Greek.
not require
that,
if
much
investigator
Irish
Ur
as
in
in
was applied,
must
rates
to whatever
it
commemo-
the
Faith
we use
purposely in the
as
singular
of those
people.
And
our means of
is
proving them
as having
been identical
forthcoming,
we
and
scholars in their
search for
it
we mean Ur
Ur
of the Chaldees.
39
CHAPTER
UR OF THE CHALDEES
AS UR.
V.
REFERENCE TO IRELAND
TTAVING, we
(although
so placing
it
becomes necessary
importance
the
grandson of Arphaxad
Eber,
or
Heber.
There
is
found
in
Irish tradition a
Heber whose
is
to Ireland,
and which
to
be per-
Heber and
the
Heber of
Irish history
may be
the
much
to
Besides
Ireland
name
of
Heber
in
in Scotland, the
4O
Hebrides
;
Ur
in
of the Chaldees.
the
England,
old
name
of
York,
Eboricum or Hebericum.
It
may
itself,
that
A stronghold
Hebrew was
Iberia,
may be
cleared
away when we
remember our
was Chaldaean
Israelite;
teaching,
first,
Hebrew
and that
is
father of the
Heber of
Ireland,
came with
his
son out
of
Iberia
into
Ireland.
Iberia
is
Spain.
It is told
Ixxii. 10, in
for his
"The
kings of Tarshish
there
is
and of the
shall
this
bring
presents;"
good
*
' '
testimony in
Abram
the
Hebrew ;
with
Mamre
Abram"
xiii.
(Gen. xiv.
but there
13).
is
mention of
"Hebrew;"
Gen.
18.
a Hebron,
a place, referred to in
Ur of the
We
think the
Chaldees.
41
brings
places with
it
of the
isles
of
probably meaning
The remains
may be
Celtiberia,
Whether we can
been one and the
before,
same person,
consequence
Ireland.
is,
we have
said
of
little
in
considering
Ur
of
the
Chaldees,
The
first
mention made of Ur
is
in
Gen.
xi.
28
his father
Terah
in the land
Ur
of the Chaldees."
The next
chapter, as
is
same
"
And Terah
Haran
took
Abram
son,
his son,
and Lot
his
the
son
of
his
son's
and
;
Sarai
go into
the land of
Canaan
dwelt there."
It is to
Uf
as
we
place
it,
to
Canaan.
its
The
district called
name
42
Ur of the
died in
Ur.
It
Chaldees.
who
is
possible that
there was a
county, or district, of
Haran
names of places
there,
and near
there, that
have
They
will
be alluded
to in another place.
When Heber
a
and name
The
"a
great rolling
in the British
wave
;"
and
known
Islands
McLeod,
This race of
Lud extended
Europe:
the old
name
of Lyons was
Lugdunum;
near
Mane -Lud,
is
Loc-Maria-Ker in Armorica,
able for
its
is
a place that
remark-
name
is
that
Ur of the
of one
Britain.*
Chaldees.
of the
43
of
of the
three
seats
Arch-Druids
is
the
pounds
in gold,"
is
Lud, who
king,
said to have
ac-
count
interesting,
:
we can
only give
here in an
abbreviated form
"The
tributes
:
king of
London
shall
be
entitled to three
to twenty
pounds
and a
tribute of oatmeal
lolo
MSS.,
p.
449.
not
known
r
to us
when
year the
Ccer-Evroc,
in
which yet
f
name,
is
Monmouthshire.
others,
which
is
supposed by
some
to
have been
built
on the
present London.
44
Woods and
Ur of the
Forests,
Chaldees.
residing
is
now
at
still
Caernarvon.*
in existence,
referred to
i.
43.
between
First,
its
then,
order to
clear
the
way
for
the
introduction of
more
people, antiquities,
primitive faith,
and
and
its
we
view of what
is
monuments of
Ireland,
and
we
mean
the
Round Towers.
of what
is
The substance
towers
towers,
is
thought
about
these
that
they
may be
African or Phoenician
or Chaldaean
or towers
is
of Persian
Magi.
for
That
to
say,
they
may
have
been towers
celestial observation,
was not generally understood by the people of Aberfrew, the purpose of collecting it was not generally known it was fortax
gotten,
no doubt
summoned
Ur of the
Chaldees.
or they
45
been,
may have
by the
We
left
between Mr.
fanciful
Petrie's
scepticism
learning.
"The
Round Towers
this
has con-
vinced
me
that
....
mode
of architecture
The
who
followed
or, as
the
Magian
is
religion as reformed
by Zerdusht,
he
usually round,
great height.
was
in
and
greatest of all
an indubitable
Now,
the
for a
a place in
46
which was an
Ur of the
altar,
Chaldees.
fire
was
employed
in watching
The
Tower was an
observatory,
them
which were
necessary
years,
also
for
the
solstitial
and equinoctial
times,
and the
I find
it
precise
be correct
will
add an argument
to
show
Magians
According to
this
hypothesis the
Round Towers
I see
no reason
style of
to
did,
and the
particular
their,
ancient.
But then,
is
said,
how does
it
happen
In
the
first
place, this
is
not universally
true.
Secondly,
Ur of the
it is
Chaldees.
to
47
be
built
to
in
towns or
some
Thus, wherever
Round Tower,
;
of the
Round Towers,
new
that they
might
converts to worship
the true
God
in the practice of
It
may be
that
doubts about
it
but
think
can scarcely be
according
to
doubted
that
the
original
models
country
it is
was an intercourse
Eccl. Hist., vol.
iv.,
at
pp. 406
48
terior of
Ur of the
Chaldees.
striking likeness
These resemblances
Budh
developed.
consider,
This will
in
not
appear
strange
when we
that
many
Semetic names.
St.
St.
Thus we have
.
Dagan
Molach
Philistines.
The
Idol Moloch.
Devil, in Irish.
Satan
Cronan
Bolcain
St.
St.
The Vulcan
of Mythology.
Ciaran
St.
St. St. St.
St.
Nessan
Declan
Luan
Dererca
Oak
of the Ark.
.
Keane
of
these
names, and
referring
to
many
permit
"In my opinion
all
these
names
can
Ur
be traced
to
of the Chaldees.
49
many
Much
of
Ireland was
it
They found
many
of their forefathers.
how
are
we
to account
names of
saints
as given
above
to Ireland.
We
that they
pursuits,
their years,
the
solstitial
and equinoctial
times,
As
and
into Ireland,
is
more than we
are prepared to
believe
*
St.
ancient Irish
theology to be burned.
50
Ur of the
are there not
Chaldees.
anywhere but
in Europe,
Why
among
have
their
monuments of
it
as are to
be found
The thousands
new
To
the unpre-
man
who
an
occupancy
there,
corresponding
and
Ur
of that Book.
Round Towers
of Ireland
These
in
many
of the em-
Ur of the
blems and forms of
pre-historic,
faith
Chaldees.
distinctly traceable
5
to
but
certain
Aryan, and
Semitic,
and
Hamitic source,
equivalents
of
hundreds of
its
words in Sanskrit,
until
lately
of course no
affinity
with
Irish.
less
and
Egyptian monuments
is
referable to
Western Europe.
But they
may be
proven to have
posterity of
had
Shem and
Japhet,
the
first
inhabitants
testify,
of Europe,
not. only
their
monuments
Many
India,
architectural
stone
in
ornaments of Nineveh,
and Egypt
even
American
architectural stone
some cases
Ireland.
*
p. 285.
E 2
52
Ur of the Chaldees.
of the Archaic kings, prophets,
The symbols
and
remembered by
went
this will
it
Noah,
for
was
recollected
in
connection with
the
fish,
to
be
Dagon t
is
Babylonians.
This symbol
also to
be found
in
Egypt and
in China.
all
Perhaps of
is
more
ancient,
and
at the
same time
posed
to
this
truthful,
commonly
sup-
have taken
notion
is
That
will
show.
* See The Sculptured Stones of Scotland, by Stuart, and Marcus Keane's Towers and Temples of Ancient Ireland, t See St. Dagon mentioned, p. 48.
53
CHAPTER
VI.
"HE
cross as a
symbol
is
These
symbols are
found
all
kingdoms,
and Cornwall,
The
cross
is
signs,
and
as the ring
and cup
cuttings to be seen
on
Beside the cross being found upon Egyptian, Babylonian and Assyrian
monuments, we
find
it
was
Mexico/ Vol.
i.,
p. 242,
"
being
probably to the
god
of
rain."
x.,
is
Colonel
p. 124,
"
says
Though
it
not an
object of worship
it is
among
a favourite
it is
and
54
He
says
" It
is
fact,
accustomed to
most
stately
and most
beautiful tree as
an
emblem of the
two of the
largest of
them
manner
on each
arms of a man, and, together with the body, presented the appearance of a huge cross; and on the
bark, in several places,
was
Tau
"
the tau-cross.
find that the Christian
As we
emblem was
general
among
the Druids,
no one need
fear assigning to
many
cross as a
symbol of the
of a hope (we
before
55
When
new
doctrine
he only brought
in the
them knowledge
was complete
fire
of their
was put
out,
The same
Britain,
effect
St.
when
came bearing a
silver
crucifix
his
litanies,
on
their knees,
cross,
Andrew's
in
The
Fagan,
to
"Men
who
of Israel,"
Bran,
Cfyn,
Iltyd,
and
returned from
Rome
cross, of the
Redeemer
;
crucified,
and the
fulfilment of
the
prophecy of Joel
When
no
difficulty in
accepting
it.
much
generally believed.
CHAPTER
VII.
that
Noah sometime
planted a vine,"
conjecture.
tradition
"
left to
There
called
is
a great
man mentioned
and
this
in
Welsh
Hu
the Mighty,
Hu,
by
It is
Hu
same may be
called
Noah, who
is
Xisuthrus.
Whether
Hu-Gadern,
according
of
to the Triads,
the families of
Shem, Ham, and Japhet was the Noah, Dwy-Van, and Nud,
proven
;
same person
be perhaps
to prove
it,
as
is
not' to
satisfactorily
for
we wish only
to
show
Ark
first
state of things in
Western Europe,
57
kingdoms,
particularly
of
Asiatic
and
Welsh are
up
to
We
are
do not mean
entirely
say that
these
;
genealogies
are
to
be
relied
upon
we
only
now
alluding to
to the
common
Hebrew.
Celt.
Noah and
are, to the
name
Noah
say
to
be found
this is
a coincidence to be explained by
many
it
causes other
is
But
quite pro-
here.
The
name
to
Hu
(or
Hugh,
now
spelled), according
the Welsh,
the other
name
for
Noah,
is
to
be
No
58
one
is
name
is
foreign importation
Roman, Danish,
or Saxon.
The
name
is
to
I.
JAPHET.
The seven
sons of Japhet
Javan, Elisha,
by Josephus
habitations
at the
Europe.
He
shows
that
their
"Beginning
and
settling themselves
own names,
for
call
Gomer founded
Galatians
(Galls),
those
whom
the Greeks
now
Magog founded
Magogites, but
thians.
named
Scy-
who
are
by the Greeks
called
Now
as to Javan
Japhet,
called
Medes by
and
all
the Thobelites,
who
are
now
called Iberes,
59
Of
now
called
So did
as the
Of
the
three sons
now
the ^Eolians.
for so
is
was
which
that
the noblest
is
metropolis also,
by change
Because
this
account seems to us
advanced
people
in
mentioned
through
the
Old
so
Testament
being
it
traceable
Europe,
it
we would
leave
Shem and
Ham
Book
I.,
Sect.
I.
60
entered Asia.
More
of this after.
If Japhet was, as
we cannot
may be
the world
so
the
Celtic,
or
Cymric
antiquities
of
The most
to
Roman
writers agree
to
allow the
or
Cymry, or
Gomeridse,*
have been the primogenital family. South of the Caucasian range we find that the
Cimry were
called Gomrai.
is
So
it
may be
that the
name Crimea
It
is
alleged
by some
section
of
the
Cimry
Madai,
history
separating
became
"
Parthwys,"t
who
in process of time
became
mean
We
gians,
Greeks never called the Scythians Celts, Gomerians, or Magohence these names are handed down to us in considerable
haze.
t Parthu
But they called the sons of Gomer, Gauls. in Welsh means to separate.
61
Another division
or
Umbri
of Italy.
Roman
Samnite,
made up
of Latin,
and other
nations.
The
the
Umbrian
Umbria,
B.C.
The
patriarchs of
priestly,
became
the gods of
Roman
The
but
is
curious
how
The proper
on
names of the
a
Celtic
oldest Latin
families
are formed
Catullus,
basis,
thus
Claudius,
Cato,
Pompeius, Lucullus,
sewers
tresses
Camillus,
Marcus,
the
&c.
The
for-
of
cyclopian
kings.
The
patriarchal.
The Tuscan
or
Etrurian
empire
fol-
The
Etrurian
may be
way
to the
and
Belinus.
From
descendants
of
62
"
now
(Josephus'
portions
of
the
Gallacia,
in Spain.
The
families of the
name
be found
in Wales.
MAGOG.
makes
It
is
allusion
to
is
being descendants of
Magog;
there
frequent mention
made
of this
and
tradition of Ireland.
Magog,
is
name
signifies,
in
many
JAVAN.
is
Javan.
The Ja
names
modified into
in Welsh, the
Wales.
ASHKENEZ.
traced to
Germany.
were
called,
is
and
known
as
Askenes
yet a proper
name
Germany.
RIPPATH.
63
TOGAMAH.
The people
of
"
Togamah and
and
particularly Russia.*
ELISAH.
says he
subjects.
Josephus
They became
The
Eleusinian
sons of Elisah.
To
the
name
are
Elias
as
it
found
in
the
British
Islands,
there
it,
people
;
called Elisah,
or as the
Welsh give
&c.
Ellis, Ellison,
Hebrews,
xix.
1 6.
may be
seen
in
Kings
is
and
In Ezek.
xxii. 7,
there
mention made of
the
TARSHISH.
When
" The
that Japhet
had a son
Russia."
by Moses,
who peopled
64
some
:
prove
this
"
Silver,
is
(Jer. x.
9)
"The
"And
;
Jonah rose up
i.
3)
"All
all
Lebanon were
it
of pure gold
none were of
silver
was nothing
had
at
three years
and
x.,
silver, ivory,
and peacocks."
(i
Kings,
21, 22.)
DODANAM.
This, the
last
left his
name
so as to be
it
Nevertheless
"
:
is
capable of
fair interpretation.
Isaiah says
(xxi.
ye
13,) with
The
sons
of
Japhet,
as
we have shown,
are
65
"in-
10
we
find:
"
By
their
one
after
his tongue,
after
their
66
CHAPTER
THE
SONS
VIII.
HIS
OF
HAM,
AND
DESCENDANTS
AGAINST
IN
WESTERN
"
ISLES,"
EUROPE
PROPHESY
THE
HTHE
is
.son of
Noah
Comer's
posterity.
Ham
in the
tifies
is
The
British
Islands
names of
the
"isles
localities
and
families,
almost iden-
of the
(x. 9).
Hamath
The
.
of Isaiah
city of
Hammonah, and
it is
the valley of
Ham-
mon
mentioned
in Ezek. xxxix.,
is
was situated
these
islands.
Hammon
means
and
Gog,
through
;
the
Welsh,
north,
literally
Northampton
its
Gog means
Ham
bears
own
signification.
67
to Dr.
appended
of
the
Books of
The north
of England,
including
may account
of the
for
this
Gwr-y-Gogledd,
or the
men
Norman
the latter
name
men
who
Ham
is
yet
by
itself
Ham,
in
Glamorganshire, and
Again,
Ham,
near London.
we have
in Stafford-
Ham
of this
was the
father of Canaan.
place derived
name
is
Hebrides
*
The Hamiltons
first
Nevidd or Hu.
the
In the lolo
MSS.
it
is
was
on
in
memory
of the
F 2
68
mentioned
in
As
to
the
names of
many
Du
of
Cush
in Ireland.
The supposed
by
antiquaries to
Cushandal
in
or Madian, spoken of in
to
Habk.
iii.
7,
be identified
as
the
is
Cushan and
in the
Habakkuk.
the Accads.
Cushandal
neighbourhood of
The
old
name
for
Meath, according to
Midhe
or Midian.*
Cushandal t
The name
in Irish is
The kingdom
Meath comprised
Westmeath, with parts of Longford, King's The kingdom was in after times County, Dublin, "and Kildare. added to the province of Leinster.
of Meath,
t Cushandal and Cushenden are, according to Lewis's Topography of Ireland, within three miles of each other, on the Antrim coast. Cushingtown is also mentioned, as a district or
union comprising Carnagh, Ballyane, Tallyrath, and old Ross.
And his
is
Descendants.
69
may
of the
old
Meath
province
Teman
Gush we now
refer
more
generally to Ireland
the past,
Isaiah,
and Habakkuk.
The words
of Habk.
iii.
7,
The
prophesies against
:
had been
fulfilled,
"
Mount
And his
he had horns
" Before
pestilence,
went
"
He
he beheld
everlasting
and the
hills
did
bow
7
in affliction
did tremble.
"
Was
Was
Was
upon
thine horses
and thy
"
Thou
"
thee,
the
and
lifted
up
his
hands on high.
still
"
in their habitation
at the light
shining of thy glittering spear. " Thou didst march through the land in indignation
We
there
this length,
because
much more
in his
the
primitive
A nd his Descendants.
of oak, and other trees with burnt charred roots,
in a horizontal position,
many
would seem
went
Strange bones of
men and
The
Fingal's
but one,
tell
us of a convulsion which the Scripture records treat of over and over again.
several earthquakes,
that
The
Bible reminds us of
is
Isaiah,
Amos
speak
It is
of the
Round Towers.
" Drove asunder the nations," says
Habakkuk
may
it
is
to the British
Europe?
Look
map
Irish,
antiquities of each,
is
72
the
"
Was
Was
Cushan
Who
the
intended to
describe
Great Britain
and sea ?*
following note
is
The
appended
by
It
Owen
Connellan,
of the Annals of
variation given in
illustrates the
Welsh
'''Eruption of Lakes.
denly burst forth in very remote times ; and in Ulster the More than a thoufollowing are the chief instances recorded
:
sand years before the Christian era, Lough Foyle, in Derry, is said to have burst forth, overflowed the adjoining plain, and
drowned
of the
in its
Tuath-De-Danan
waves Feabhal, or Feval, the son of Lodan, one chiefs, from whom it was called Lough
Foyle.
Feval,
now Lough
About
eight
centuries
before the
Christian era,
in the reign of
Milesian' monarchs,
it is stated by all our annalists, that the Loch Saimer, afterwards Lough Erne, suddenly and overwhelmed an immense tract of land, called
Geannain, or the plain of Geannan, which was so named " from the plain of Geannan, one of the Firbolg kings.
Magh
A
to
description of
Forests"
is
here given,
soil,
shew
And h is Descendants.
"
in
73
word and
and
compositions.
roots
but
we
differ
for
their appearance.
"
extensive moors and wild heaths, famous for hares, grouse, and
The bogs in the different counties are numerous and extensive, and in the whole of the province estimated to These contain about two or three hundred thousand acres.
other game.
Oak
forests particularly
abounded
and the
Irish
to that of
furniture,
any other country for ship-building, timber and various other purposes.
"In
many
great plains,
Ireland in
and the cutting down of forests in various parts of the earliest ages, some of them more than a thousand
In the clearing out of these great
were destroyed, and great quantities of trees are found deeply buried in the bogs ; and in the formation of the
grand canal, when cutting through the bog of Allen, in Kildare, fir, yew, and other trees, were found buried twenty or thirty
oak,
feet
below the
surface,
and these
a horizontal position, and have the appearance of being burned at the bottom of their trunks and roots, fire having been found far more powerful in prostrating those forests than cutting them
down with the axe ; and the great depth at which these trees are found in bogs, shews that they must have lain there for many
ages."
74
and
This
is
a paragraph from
mentioned
"
in
it, is
many
seem
to
back
in antiquity to
admit of
:
on the Ccelbren,
life
says,
that the
and
life,
to futurity a magnificent
The
things except
and Dwyfach
(the
of God),
Dwywho
escaped in 'the
Bald
is
and by
their offspring
sustained by an
A nd his Descendants.
appertained to the aborigines of the island; for
'
75
among
is
named
'
:
The
ship of Nefydd,
Lord of Lords,
that
carried in
it
when
The
erratic
were
they
not elucidated
by the
Mosaic
forms,
of perhaps
all
may be
islands
Orkney
(Ore), the
of
Man, and
Afterwards the
Mon
(Anglesey)
became an
island
and
in the
W.'s
The testimony
of this Triad
supported by
Mark, the Hermit's copy of Nennius, where the following passage occurs
'
:
76
quarum una
vergit
contra
armoricas,
et
Secunda
sita est in
umbilico
et
nominatur
the
Britain, called
Eubonia or
Man and
;
named Orkney.)
same venerable
An
ancient proverb,
quoted
the
by
the
author, as applicable to
rule of the
island, affords
further
corroboration
Judicavit
Bryttaniam
cum
three
tribus insulis.'
islands.)
and
the
its
foregoing
is
Triad,
it is
clause
merely a
Orkneys
also,
and we may
fairly
conclude
among
drawn
his information
Ex
ex
The
of the
77
(Myv. Arch.
II., p. 2)
fac-simile prefixed to
toria,
cities,
twenty-eight as the
number of ancient
British
records.
the
number
to thirty-three
and
"
The
Bristol to
the Severn,
evidently an
immense
and
cleft,
formed by
some tremendous
(the city of the
rift
convulsion;
river),
Caer-odornant
that
the
Welsh name of
Whe-
by volcanic
eruption, cannot
now be
may be
rationally inferred
it.
am
dis-
the
Avon, through
con-
Bristol, to its
may
still
be
The above
is
appended
of Gwrgan,
to
the
"Genealogy of
of Glamorgan;
prince
78
includes,"
The
full
are
panied by
Israel,"
"A
fire
great
and
"
the
of the Lord,"
may be understood
as
the
&c., of the
modern
geologist.
The Koran
wood
lofty
and of
The Median
referred
to
is
to
be distinguished
Red Sea
(which
we
first
hear
named
after
Midian, as
we understand
from
Cornwall
to
"A
Selection of Ancient
verse,
(loLO
MORGAN WG),
of the Myfyrian archaeology ; and subsequently proposed as with English translation materials for a new history of Wales
:
and
notes,
by
Published
for
the
And his
These Midianites,
described in
in
Descendants.
79
company with
25
Ishmaelites, are
Gen.
xxxvii.
28 as coming from
probably influenced to do
them
and Canaan
The supposed
Cuthite remains at
Cashel
bear
tures
Museum,
is
a remarkable imitation
The purpose
and
of our remarks
Ham
their descendants in
Western Europe,
not to
to
an extent
Shem
we have advanced
that they were
shew
Europe, and
left
their
monuments akin
* See Kane's
of Ireland."
8o
their race.
ments have
The
observable in the
or inclining jambs.
8i
CHAPTER
IX.
^PHE
of
most
influential
.before the
kingdom
We
until
have
latter
it
places,
reference
to
Babel,
we
.treated of
in connection with
Semiramis was
plished
.as
by Ninus.
The testimony
"
of Megasthenes,
to
show
us that
was by
was by Semiramis
from
"
alone.
This Belus
may be
City
are
.distinguished
Bel,"
for
who
the
began
the
and Tower
told
of Babel
to
reason that
if
we
so
Bel
had
leave
both unfinished;
he
82
with
a wall.
as
the-
We may
or
"
suppose,
though,
that
Ninus,
title
father's
of "Bel,"
is,
that
Ninus or Nimrod
differently
he
is
called both
names
in-
was the
first
to consolidate
the Baby-
who
must have
left
among
the
first
word
afterwards, in
the form of
"
Bel?/.r."
Fortification/'
was a Babylonian Goddess, and the .counterpart of the " "* conDeity presiding over bulwarks and fortresses
sequently she originated with the mystical Semiramis,
To
us,
it
is
Nimrod (and
especially as
we
work),
to
offer
any contribution
However, as
Remains, Vol.
ii.
C^is/l
and Nimrod.
83
far as
we can
judge,
it is
wife, of
The
first
re-
mains of
Europe.
Traced
we
find that
Kronos was no
no
Ninus,
so,
according
to
that
authority,
Bal,
Under
the
name Kronos,
Nimrod
is
known
who were
his
What may be
foregoing
* See
sect.
ii.
in a general
the
is
that,
upon
De Philosophia
Orientali, lib.
i.
cap. 37.
"The
Cyclops
The
Scholiast
And
refer to
Pliny
lib. vii.,
G 2
84
represented, he inherited
some
and
founder, which
father
entitled
him
to
be
deified
as
his
city
was
and
and
of Babel,
commenced by
who,
if
he con-
may be
accredited with
originating
is
"tower-building,"
sometimes attributed to
Nimrod.
This
light
upon what
are called
Round Towers,
CHAPTER
X.
/COLONIES
and Babylonian
Monarchies.
Many
remaining in Umbria,
left
their
in association
with the
Mons
Palatinus of
Rome.
They
also
went south-
Hence
easy to conceive
how
they
may have
progressed
and extend-
86
Cuthites
and Hyperboreans.
Phut
and Canaan, and Seba and Havilah, Sabta, Raamah, and the other sons of Cush, of whom we know so
but who must have
in
little,
Egypt and
in Hindostan, with
civiliza-
and empires,
it
may
Baby-
and
"
:
They were
I
of
and called
Sindi, a
name, as
have
shown,
common among
the Cuthites.*
The
Scindi
who
live
upon
the Mseotis.
among
other
names
Jster,
Those who
live
and
Adriatic,
Sauromatse,
and
Arimaspians.
it
This
is
people
were
does not
prove the Cuthites Hyperboreans. f Keane has a note upon this passage
to
With
I
regar J.
Hyperboreans,
would
Faber informs us that the original Scythic or Cuthite empire, founded by Nimrod (which composed the
remark,
Babylonian, Assyrian, and Medo-Persic empire within
its
limits)
was denominated
that
Iran,
is
still
known by
name among
the inhabitants.
name
(Faber, Vol. iii., p. 377.) of Irin and Sacred Island long before
/;-/;/,
Erin, or
it
Cuthites
and Hyperboreans.
Heaven, and had
It
87
his off-
when he was
.
exiled from
spring slain,
seems he
term by which
.the
it
Sacra Insula
'
as so denominated by the
.men of old.
and 120.)"
that
From
iCuthite,
these
notices
Keane concludes
was so
"the
original
or Scythic region,
called
its
(Iran,
the sacred
upon
mountain, as well
;
from
its
Scythians emigrated
to
they
/;-/;/,
to
new
settlement."
The
passage ought
to
.emigrated to the
"When
Sacra Insula,'
?by
the
men of
who
copied from
it
make
As
to
is
less likely
was no
Iran
at the time,
no Ireland surrounded by
',
situated
change Iran into Irin, when we find ..the an of A ran (the name of an island on the west of Scotland, .and of others on the western Irish coast) means island, from
that
it
How
is
innis,
an island?
is
An
is
changed fr^m
///,
so ar
.rock.
88
amber."
'
The
Celtic sages
a tradition hold
That eveiy drop of amber was a tear Shed by Apollo when he fled from Heaven,
For
he reached
4, v.
61
1.
"
They
and
and Hecaerge, by
said
to
whom
to Delos.
but took up their residence and officiated in the island"' " the same are said to'
(Delos).
People
from
quarter
have come
to
from
this the
and
first
The Mons
to
Palatinus
Rome was
supposed
have
been
occupied by Hyperboreans
Cuthites
and Hyperboreans.
He
and
89
mentioned by Herodotus.
styled Seuthes,
and
is
powers."
Keane
also gives
(Scholia in Find.
Olymp. Od.
v.
"
28)
:
'
He
sang
who
They
placed
in
this
wintry climate
by the Arimaspian
the one in
Europe
part of
north
Africa.
The country
Gods
and
from some of
Those
who
and
tides,
and preserved
"
the
"
same
who have
:
90
Hyperboreans
when taken
in connec-
the
home
of that people to
the
whom
ancient Greek
p.
authors refer as
additional
Hyperboreans"
235.
For
refers
information
on same
Towers,
subject,
he
to
O'Brien's
Round
Mr. Keane
And while we agree with " that Ireland never entered Mr. Bryant's
with
mind
in connection
Cuthite history,"
still
we
fault
with the
former
attributing
-everything archaic,
-lonian,
everything with
Ninevite, Baby-
in Ireland to the
.descendants of Cush.
we
borean
to
this
as generally understood,
offers contradiction
Hyper,
or
the
beyond,
north,
e.
Boreas,
g.
north
beyond
of the
Boreas,
north,
an
inhabitant
have gone
therefore
But
if,
instead of Hyperborean,
91
we
of
all
was
sometimes
spelt Hebcria.
The name
of
Heber must
who gave
his
name
to Hibernia.
the
and
as the
country (or
of
Heber was
possi-
indeed
The
latter
first
did not
states of
it
was
to
a great extent
alphabet.
to
It
may be
conjecture as
affixed to
to
the
the
word
in
question
north
of
Europe,
before,
we hinted
was as
so
in
the
there,
indeed,
and
residing
92
Boreas
Ciithites
is
ana Hyperboreans.
"
generally explained
The northern
wind,"'
or "Bellowing wind."
was
Hebrew.
Now,
b,
if
we understand
that in the
Welsh language p,
and
b and
d (both
we have some
(Irish), as
is
There
very
any, distinction
Druid
"
ac
ei
The dntid
is
a bardr
and
Barddas, in Pugh.
was-
If in
the
to
Irish
equivalent
in
dntid,
Greeks were
not
astray
rendering druid
and
if
they interpreted
sig-
bruide
by
boreas,
bellowing
wind y
it
came
to them, they
Prydian
in
Welsh.
Cuthites
and Hyperboreans.
93
first
away from,
This view
is
strengthened
by the
fact
that
the
their offerings
southward;
priestesses
as
we have
before
noticed,
their
.are
Delphi
Apollo.
in Phocis,
seat of
If this
came
into Greece,
and originated
sacrifice
and the
The more
first
races of
mankind
is
studied, the
more we are
particulars,
94
Cuthites
and Hyperboreans.
by monumental
stones,
or fossil remains
pre-judgment,
we must be convinced by
in favour of the
whelming testimony
SONS of Noah
and
their families
in Europe.
Look
Europe, speech,
inscribed stone
prosperity,
faith,
fear,
empire,
decline,
emphatically proves-
the father of
all
possibly perceive
it
how
Iberia could
have
name, unless
The
common
it
with those
little
makes
were Druidical
or conversely,
if it
be
preferred,,
c.,
were
95
CHAPTER
XT.
*T*HE
merous
sons of
Asshur, Arphaxad r
traces of
them
are nu-
Western Europe.
monu-
mental
art
remains, &c.
The names
if
of people are
we
produced
in proof of a
The
to
down
as trifling
referred to in favour of
Shem and
his
settlement of Europe.
96
through
it.
not a
little
interesting to contem-
which
is
yet to be
bull, or
Asshur the
traveller
suggested, as
some
believe,
by
the wings of the bull, just as the winged lion already " referred to symbolized the mighty hunter," and
think of thousands of years that have gone over the
efforts
The people
of
The
him with
ARPHAXAD.
form of a
*
fish,
Noah was
Arphaxad was
under that
The cow,
was Abraham,
cow."
or bull, symbolizes the Semetic people of whom referred to in the book of Enoch as a "
white
serpent" suggests relationship to the Assyrians and Europeans. Europa and the Bull almost mean mythic accounts notwith-
standing
that the
Shem
from Europe.
97
of wisdom,
The
serpent was an
emblem
and
In Celtic mythology,
I I
Arphaxad
Mawr,
is
by some, instead
Britain.
Brute, to have
It is
the idea of
it
from
how
sign
light
would prove,
of
if
it
by the
Bardic
tradition,
recent archaeologists.
The
preserved by them
The
old form
as
it is
98
Chaldaeans?
under the form of a serpent, and everywhere throughout Europe, and into Asia, and Egypt, the serpent
to
is
in varieties of
the world
is
dis-
in orna-
silver vessels,
in stone.
In Scot-
how
general,
and
at the
same
time, mysterious,
among
Albion.
the aboriginal
of
Hibernia and
Among
"was only
Roman
may be
said,
among
all
people, the
its
And
so
worship
of
Loch
year by
Mr. Skene, F.R.S.S., at the request of the Marquis of Lome, is an example of the Serpent of the North symbolising, if not Aedd-Mawr, one of his race. Argyle seems to have been especially
j-
marked
as the
lib.
Pausanias,
ii.
99
Europe
after
the
first
form
of
idolatry
in
Arphaxad.
The
more
its
perhaps owes
There
found
is
was
its
handle form
that
The
pastoral
staff
is
to
be traced
to the
Roman
who had
it
from
who
with
to build
Nineveh and
of
cities.
The
distinguished descendants
this crook, as
Shem
are
repre-
sented with
to the
may be
Museum.*
" Notices of the serpent, or adder," are to be found
The Legends
of
Cum-
worm
The
TOO
is
is
meant.
what
of serpent sym-
bolism
we
or
it
the'town or city of
Ac
or the serpent,,
city.
Carnac
another
is
name
Brittany,
and
one
place.
Brittany
is
is
a land of Prydian, or
in
Britain,,
as the
word
given
Mawr
took
its
the Irish
is
Ar-Mor
from
whom
Armorica
is
name.
known
and Welsh,
as
ArUmr* But
he seems
to
Ar {Ar-Mor).
The word
Mawr
in
Welsh seems
to
Arphaxad.
commemorated
in
many
101
means the
expresses
same
and
Celtic dialect
in the Gaelic
or great;
.supreme power.
vi.
s. 4,
bk. are
"
i.)
:
Arphaxad
the
named
the Arphaxadites,
who
now
will
called
Chaldaeans."
The
Culdees, as
we
show, were
is
The
Ad of the
Koran, who
of
Noah and
Thamud,
one of
dently Arphaxad.
Pight, Picti, Pict, are derived
-other forms of the word.
The
prefix supplied,
and we
Therepainted
tfie
of power, honour, and greatness. Arphaxad then was " " " " Sertfhe first Architect," Druid," Prophet," and
"
pent
.attributes of
Arphaxad.
The mind
dwells
upon the
;
Druid and
grand worship
it
turns
IO2
that the
and
to preserve, as
was the
case,
more
especially in
When
St.
Patrick
is
said
it
to
may be understood
how
way of expressing
Yet
it
worship.
is
curious
observe
the"
us such unas-
Lud was
name of
Normandy, adjacent
to Armorica.
The names
in Scotland
derived from
Lud
be
now
called Leyden.
The
Circus,
Roman'
-
and
by ^Eneas r
See
antt, p. 47.
103
is
present day.
The
it
The game
lettered
is
of Troy;" and
the opinion
of
many
Troy
Welshmen
found in
is
to
be
Britain.
identified
by them as ^neas.
more wonderful
Roman
classics.
is
The name
ap-
parently prefixed
title
Hyperboreans,
descendants
of
Arphaxad,
or Chaldaea.
Pliny speaks of a river Arimaspias as of Scythia, with He talks of the neighbouring people as onegolden sands.
eyed
continual
war
2.)
Arimphekei, a people of
Pliny
(vi. c. 7.)
IO4
He
words
spells
Hul,
<#7.'
This person, he
is
tells
us,
founded Armenia.
The name
preserved
in
the
7/ster, 67swater,
and Hull.
Of
we know
little
He
founded the
so,
their
was the
is
first
we hear
of there, and
of Zoroaster
fire
worship, so
and
original Irish.
The Jewish
"
historian further
makes us aware
that
now
called
"
Charax
Spasini."
We
and
their children.
CHAPTER
SALA.
XII.
O ALA,
35
j
respectively,
Luke
in.
Gen.
xi.
12; Chron.
i.
vii. p.
124,
etc.
As
left
considerable
of the oldest
marks of
One
druidical seats in
Britain
is
Car-Salug,
now
called
name
The
latter
almost pre-
The
no stretch of imagination
or, as
him, Aedd-Mawr, or would be remembered by his people and honoured in a locality in which he moved, or which was retained " Arthur Seat" been first named. by them so may have
the
call
Welsh
Arthur
in English,
io6
of the druidical
circle is
circles.
Sala.
The
name
Heber descended of
remarkable
sites
Sala.
fact that
It is rather a
almost always
Cars,
or
seats
of the old of
of the
Druids,
the
cathedrals
modern
times,
such
as
Salisbury,
York,
Canterbury,
Winchester,
Warwick,
Lincoln,
Chichester,
and
many
others.
The
referred
Car-Leon, in Monmouthshire.
One
of the descendants of
is
Heber was
Levi.
Levi,
his
or Lewis,
a Celtic word.
sons Levi.
in Gaelic
Lenbh*
to
Its
generally understood
be Reader, or
The name
in use
is
as Lewis,
and is
;
their
The
eldest son of a
Mason"
is
called a Lewis.
* In Irish leabher
is
a book.
Sala.
107
distinct!)'
Many
pointing
families
in
to
etc.,
Levite
Lewis,
especially
Louis,
Levi,
to
Levison,
peculiar
England.
The
of Lewis in
the
Hebrides,
Lewes
in Sussex,
in their
that prove
names
their
Celto-Heberian origin.
us
of
the
architects
whose
first-born sons
service of the
Temple.
" holy circle" of
The
early
men
of the Echdradth,
or Druids of the or
unhewn
stone-altars,
were singers r
men
The word
Levite expresses
this.
The custom
of
Chaldaeans to
God was
The
and the
rule.
The
can
perceive alone
from
the
that
outward
there
is-
Choristers.
io8
Sala.
in
it
much
teries,
mys-
The
the
name of
Circle,
and the
the
Stars
the
Temple, the
Sun,
;
the
Moon, and
to
the signs
of the Zodiac
reference
the
their first
Grand Master,
who was
followed by sons
St.
of
"May," Templars,
Knights of
John
(Oanes),
Noah and
his
sons.
The
and
"
Mason
"
of to-day
is
rites
and
druids.
The
diviners
to the present
educated.
much
that
is
to
be learned by the
city of Britain,
there
is
known.
That the Chaldaean Hebrews were joined by numbers of the " Children of Israel,"
and the
identity of
House
"
was
lost in that
way
there
is
no
doubt
neither should
we have any
hesitation in say-
Sala.
ing that the Chaldee, orC/t/Jee, held the faith of
109
the
Hebrew pure
for
many
Those
who
held the
holding the
Hebrew observances
of times,
sabbaths
',
and
ancient seasons ;
the Calendars of
"
The
known
to us, cor-
roborate what
were
the
no
other
than
Chaldaean,
and
consequently
Fathers of Israel.
or more,
The
Hebrew than
The wording
and
Joriti,
signed by Jochai of Kent, " his brother Jew, of York, says We,
:
vent of
heirs,
Durham
and from
Jews
after us
The
it
The
reader will
remember
that the
word
Celt, although
did not originate with the people designated under it, (it is purely a Greek importation,) is yet employed throughout these
such as
etc.
no
tenure of these
Sala.
men
of York, in their
own
eyes,
is
must
taken
The above
was noticed
in the
deeds that go
to have
to
prove
many such
people of
in
like
God "
England.
The
manner of defrauding,
retaining their
many
The death-bed
the only one
and
injustice
done
the
to
the
House
of Israel.
He
and
only followed
for
steps
to
of the Romans,
extirpate
who had
centuries
striven
the
Druids,
Priests
and
Levites
who crowded
the
Banchors,
and
filled
boreans."
It
places,
and
and
alter everything,
The
their faith,
and handed
gone
down
to
their children in
Sala.
in
since Shinar was
first
up
to
the
peopled.
The
song
;
Psalter of "
is
no new
known long
"
by the son of
The
"
Laws
of
Dyvnwal-
Moelmud
are
to
the
laws
of a
Daniel
who
lived
long anterior
the
Chaldaean Prophet
who was
Daniel of Bangor
this
Chal-
first
Mac
&c.
The wars
of the
were of particular
significance, far
beyond what
is
generally understood
of
them
by the student
of
Erse history.
The
above
families.
This
description
identifies
about Sala.
in
The
recurrence of
name
so
frequently
the
Psalms,* and
the
* It is repeated by itself no less than seventy-four times in the Psalms, and thrice in Habakkuk.
1 1
2
of
its
Sala.
position
singularity
throughout,
has
puzzled
many.
The
up the
Psalms
I
bear
SELAH.
Ps. Ixxv., 3.
The Arabs
we know
it
in
Mahomet.
To
the
Mahometan
the
story
of Salah
is
quite
familiar.
He
is
from which
they first
Ad
Abraham.
Some
the
name
of Sala
Sala,
Salamis, or Salamina, a
Salapia, a
town
town of Apulia, to
Cannae
;
which Hannibal
and
Salamanca, in Spain.
Sala.
1 1
The
Salasci,
a people of Cisalpine
Gaul,
were
descended of Sala.*
Sala,
They were
in continual
at
one
CHAPTER
HEBER.
XIII.
*"PHE
Irish records
and
Heber
came from
was
his portion
:
Iberia,
and
The
With
with
its
power,
With
With With With With
harmony.
victims, with
its
grandeur,
hospitality
vivacity
loveliness,
purity."
So
"
Nennius
gives
it.
Heber
is
described as
crowned-horseman."
the
of Arads or
Arabs
is
used for b in
many
MSS., as well as in
(p.
modern
Corpre
Irish books).
Nennius
257) speaks of
Arad ; Ared
Tire,
Arad
Chlhach.
*
Some
Heber occupied
Heber.
called
115
Thiri,
Cairphi
Arad,
Arad
them
Arad
Cliach.
O'Donovan
describes
in
Du-harra, in Tipperary.
Nennius
At Ani-Loch
of
to
is
countries
apportioned
them.
Peleg
believed
by some
be Pelasgus, and,
his people.
therefore, that
Peleg
is
in the
Jocktan took a
al
tribe
into Arabia.
The "Arab
to
claims
be a son
He
prides himself
Ishmaelite
To
Heber
is
known
as
Celtic traditions
and
in
if
We
There was
among
Manx
Island.
I
u6
uttering
at the
Heber.
same time words of mystery, they
injure.
relic
Nouer
reguellette*
It is
referred to in the
Koran
(cap.
cxm).
" IN
Say, I fly
may
deliver
me
when
it
the mischief of
women blowing on
of "
....
The
followers
The Prophet
implicit faith
* It
in the
is
similar to
what
is
when
they
sell
mariners a wind.
illustration
"The
assistance
commentators
relate
that
of his daughters,
bewitched
Mohammed by
;
tying
whereupon
ing
Mohammed falling ill, God revealed this chapter and the followAnd Gabriel acquainted him with the use he was to make
:
of them, and of the place where the cord was hidden, accord-
AH
and the same being brought, he repeated the two chapters over it, and at every verse (for they consist of eleven) a knot was
loosed,
till,
on finishing the
last
Note, p. 505.
Heber*
chapters
(caps.
1 1
cxin.
and cxiv);
They
consider
lunar
spirit.
them
as
a sovereign specific
against
magic,
evil
influences,
They
There
never
is
to repeat
another Arabic
one.
It
is
upon
an
in
Irish
the
it
:
Koran Al Ross.
We
upon
"The commentators
Al Rass.
was the
name
their houses
it
were
all
swallowed up.
Another supposes
to
whom
Another thinks
al
it
Antioch,
still
where Habib
Najjar
(whose tomb
to
be seen
there,
the
Mohammedans) was
And
a fourth
1 1
8 Handha, or
Heber.
Khantala
(for
I
was
find
the
name
people
birds,
written
both ways)
Ebn
by
Safwan.
certain
These
monstrous
were
first
annoyed
them,
and used
to
snatch
away
:
their
this
children,
other prey
but
calamity
calling
they
killed him,
entitled
Al Forkan,* revealed
let
Mecca.)
this,
Now
then we
tators
us see
how
will
the
East,
it
is
From
Irish
by the
Archaeological Society,
we
wonders t of Eri;
"
of
Forkan
is
t The Wonders
the
MSS.
The Mirabilia
by Geraldus Cambrensis
dus
Ralf Higden, in his " Polychronicon," nearly copied from Geral; and by Ware, in his "Antiquities of Ireland," by Harris..
Heber.
"
1 1
g
y
belfry of fire
at
Ross Dela
during the space of nine hours, and blackbirds without number, coming out and going into
great bird
it.
One
used to nestle in
belfry.
And
they
came out
And
they
let
to earth
The
birds
And
the oak
said great
by him by the
to
is
roots out of
the earth,
not known."
was seen,
is
very
little
altered in
name
it
is
now
The Four
:
phenomenon
"
A belfry
hours
it,
of
fire
was seen
out of
*
it is
and one
is
many
places in Ireland
20
little
Heber.
birds
and the
went under
his wings
when they
belfry."
"Remember Ad,
is
those
who
dwelt at Al-Rass"
and
many
same book,
We will
whether
leave
it
it
was
in Ireland.
Semetic
affinity
Celt,
It is
beyond question
that the
as
Eboricum, Yorkshire,
latter
a Yauk mentioned
in the
* There
of
Noah and
who
"
Ad, and Pharaoh, accuse the prophets of imposture before the Meccans, and also the brethren of Lot, and the inhabitants of
the wood, near Midian, and the people of Tobba."
to
It is curious
it
mark
word
in Irish
means
well, and,
than Ireland, no country in the world is mere characterised by wells, and no people have more claim to be called the
"
people of
Tobba
"
than the
Irish.
Heber.
than Jocktan, the leader of the Arab-al-Arab.
said another
121
We
have
re-
name
of
This name
mains
plentifully
enough
cially in Yorkshire,
Yorkshire
is
There
In the
many
also of the
name
of Huddleston.
is
Irish
a Mochudee* which
Hud.
There
is
beside, a
Machod
(Latinized
MauchIrish
:
Notes to the
it is
Nennius,
p.
iii. ;
peculiar
is
much
that
A great
deal of Keating's
History of Ireland
it
"
remains indis-
may be questioned,
But, although
to prove the
Irish
to
shew much
Heber
of Genesis
and the
Heber,
we cannot but
the
to
think that
it is
same person.
Some
accounts state
Mahody seems
122
that the Irish
Heber.
Heber
is
2260; at any
in
we
was born
2247
when
was
Pelasgi are
and inhabited
Argolis.
It
late,
show of
that
reason, that
a strange
fact that
some
were
Gaoidheal
Gael.
We
have
Nimrod
to erect
Keating says
"The
Austin, began about the time that Jacob was born, about 432
years after the Deluge.
Scotland,' says
Hector
Bcetius,
In his
History of
was working wonders in that country for the delivery of the Israelites, and the book of the Irish Invasion agree with that
computation,"
(p. 3).
Heber.
of speech, Keating says " But the
123
wisdom of Gcd
and
original lan-
thought
fit
Heber
from
whom
"
it
And
Nimrod he furthermore
for
The
faithful
Heber
his
piety
was
his
its
own
family,
who
preserved
it
it
uncorrupt, and
in
to posterity," p. 59.
Bearing in
mind
and
may be accounted
of the
for
not
much
to
"The
is
it,
Hebrew"
where
of
if not in
Western Europe?
The Hebrews
them remaining
compared
to
West of
24
Heber.
DESCENDANTS OF HEBER.
Of Reu,
Serug,
we know, few
traces in Europe.
:
Reu
"
is
Nennius
went afterwards;"
e.g.,
as
we
departure
father.
we cannot
tell
of
Rue,
his
to Shire-Riffi*
He
A noble deed,
There dwelt
his descendants without disgrace
Two
hundred years.
We
in
presume
they
went
northwards,
and
over
Scandinavia.
Ur
of the Chaldees,
we judge by
have been
after,
and supposed
to
by him.
125
CHAPTER
XIV.
HTERAH,
the
Zarah, as
first
book of
Thara.
Bible as above,
and
in
Luke
is
as
we
find
it
in
the Talmud,
the
name
to
for
of
his
the
father
of Abram,
The Koran
points
Other names
him
and Athar,
Terah was
his
Some
"Abram,
and
gold,
son,
was
rich,
unquestion-
known by
when
it
that
name up
to the reign of
Henry
VIII.,
was
the
Terah's
name
in
name
Tara
126
Terah and
A dram.
enveloped in Eastern
posed by them to be
fog.
for ever
and Cushan.
Tara,
by Latin
and
and English
writers,
is
named
signifies
Temoria
Temor.
Mur,
in to
Irish,
"mound," and
queen
of
Tea, according
Amergin, was a
Heber.
Heremon,
brother
of
Hence
and of great
They were
Meath
four
at
There were
in
at
royal
palaces,
at
Temoria or Tara,
Tailten,
It is said that
Taillte,
Eire,
who was
the last
name
was a place of
much
importance, for
the same
of Greece,
were
Teltown,
BlackTailten.
the
river
of the
old
monarchs, according
to
the
"
Four Masters,"
was
27
seat
ofDruidism.
the
The
hill
Uisneach
the
name
in
of
the
place
of the fourth-mentioned
palace
another
noted
seat
of
Druidism,
Temhair-na-Riogh, or Tara of the kings, was the
chief seat of the
Ard Righ,
monarch
who
kings.
presided over
provincial
Meath,
Ulster,
Leinster,
and
The
Firbolg,
chiefly
in the third
century,
An
account of
best
is
is
one of the
fail
by Owen Connellan.
is it
:
As
it
cannot
to
"
Cormac's palace
at
Tara
....
;
was called
Teach Miodhchuarta,
and
....
and
monarchs gave
28
Terah and
A dram.
kings, princes,
and
was 300
feet
it
con-
it
fourteen doors.
And
it
is
Cormac was
and the
glories of his
many
is
banquets one
of pure
gold.
and
fifty
massive
goblets
hill
of Tara, and
mound
in the centre,
still
remain.
The
composed of
cement
Terah and
stones
A bram.
129
in
now
remain, they
the
this
hill
and though
the yet
was distinguished
rude magnificence
the
or
hill
On
raths
of Tara
were erected
fortresses, as
several
other
mounds and
historians,
the fortress,
and
this building
was
the
named
Tur-Trean- Team/track,
signifying
course of time
writers to
have
on a
great
hill
Cyclopean
some
ruins
still
remain.
At Tara
Mur
Ollamham, or the
30
Terah and
A dram.
either
the
fort
of
the
synods,
and said
to
be so
times by
St.
St.
Patrick, St.
;
Adamnan,
St.
Brenden, and
Ruadhan
the
mound
of the
hostages
were
kept
and
Dumha-na-nBan-amus,
signifying the
mound
of the warlike
women, which
there
At Tara
and
chiefs,
who attended
conas
ventions,
city
in
There
are
many
at Tara,
but
many
of those
mounds and
raths
According
many
Terah and
and warriors of the and
their
A dram.
131
several sepulchral
mounds were
raised there to
at
memory.
two of the
torques,
open
at
one
side,
kings and
chiefs,
and
similar to those
worn by the
ancient kings
tore
and
chiefs
in
the
Celtic
language.
is five
One
of the torques
discovered at Tara
feet
and
is
all
the other
torque
Many
of
Cuan O'Lochain,
A.D.
a celebrated
bard
who
of
died
the
in
1024;
and
Keneth
O'Hartigan,
tenth
century,
whose
poem
here
verses
is
contained in the
is
"Book
of
Ballymote,"
his
the
English
of a
few of
beautiful
K 2
132
The
False are
attractions,
numerous to mention,
all.
Every law recorded has passed away, Every right under the sun has been destroyed,
wilderness,
of heroes.
Where assembled
in story,
it
Many were
was
inheritance,
was a famous
fortress of
wisdom
hill
chiefs,
To be viewed
was a splendid
in his grandeur and conspicuous was his course, No fortress was found equal to Temor, It was the secret of the road of life.
Strong was the power of hosts Of that King who obtained Temor
It is better for
us to record the
many
tribes
And
the
And
it
fortress.
Terah and
A dram.
133
With
tribes
it
was
delightful,
was
its
measure.
Its circuit
Nor was it narrow by a faulty construction, Nor too strong for separate apartments,
Six times
five cubits
was
its
height.
fit
habitation for a
King of Erin
In which was distributed sparkling wine ; It was a fortress, a rampart, and a stronghold,
In
it
fifty
condos.
There were
in
it fifty
Who
And
Which
was a noble
residence,
there,
weapons were glittering with gold ; There were three times fifty splendid apartments,
their
And
And
fifty
persons.
Were
Lighted up the
brilliant
lamps.
brass,
134
And
It
doors
was a law ordained by the King That he should first drink to his guests.
And
very great were his guests in number. Three hundred partook of each festive drinking Fifty were learned and noble lawgivers
With
fifty
king.
splendid goblets
To
each of the numerous parties there, Which cups were of gold or of silver all.
Ornamented with pure and precious stones Thirty hundred were entertained
By
Who
[each
art.
And what
The household
Who
This
were
is
in the
tribes.
Terah.
When Cormac
And
and A oram.
Temor
the exalted,
all
135
resided at
The
description
of the
Palace
of
Cormac may
less,
to,
be applied
in a general way,
more or
to the
other Palaces of
and be
Cormac's reign,
Christianity
indeed,
a civilization
existant
before
Look
and think
that,
while
Romans, from
Caesar's
success
up
to
the
the
independence of
eager at any
moment
to
their
war-cries
and rush
are
to battle.
justified in
Not only
we
concluding that
Ire-
36
Terah and
A bram.
by the
Irish Archaeological
Society,
convinces
But
such
references
as
have been
made
to
and by
dis-
tinctly
Chaldee-Celtic source as
their
Hence
it
follows,
that
we can be
in
in assigning to Ireland
Before
land,
we endeavour
will
to follow
Abram
out of Ire-
we
if
which,
only half of
be
true,
is
enough, in our
mind, to indicate, at
eastward from Tara.
Different
least,
"
Tamhra, now
beyond, migration,
hence.
"
Tarad/i, a ferry-boat.
37
Taraseach, from
"
"
Tartearach, transmarine.
Taralpach, transalpine.
"
"
a tribe of people,
to-
the religion
belonging
settled
to
in
that
Celti
When
our Ari-Coti
some
(?
no
doubt
grating
that
Africa),
tribes.
and were
And when
in
Tyre,
to
or in
fro,
vicinity,
their
traffic
and
home
of Spain."
It
would
be
easy
for in
us
to
give
examples
of
hundreds of places
the Celtic
Hebrew
but
we
will
list
not wait to do
to this
38
any
rate,
Terah and
A dram.
and
at
Egypt,
Arabia,
This,
and
it
Hindostan,
and
north,
through Asia.
forefathers of
Nimrod
history.
and
Assur
of
and
this
Ninevite
direction
or
over
little
not to be disputed.
are
It
names of a
was the
dis-
of the Hebrews.
third
in Chaldsea.
The
he was
It is said in
31, that
Abram
and
his son,
Ur
Tarleise of Spain
were people
Abram.
If
we view them
as
such
we must
believe that
Abram
so
we account
Terah and
other
vessels
cattle.
A bram.
the
139
and
silver
And
said
possibly
to
gold
he
is
Ur
of the Chaldees.
This
more
likely, as
we
find that
silver
ornaments found
found elsewhere.
to
henceforth called
Abraham (Gen.
1
and
in the
"And God
"And
said unto
Abraham, As
thou
name
Sarai, but
and she
shall
and give thee a son also of her yea, I be a mother of nations ; kings of
God
B.C.,
dwelling
his first-born,
and Buz
his
140
brother,
Terah and
and Kemuel
the
A dram.
father
of Aram,
and
And
these eight
"
(Gen.
brother
20-23).
Who
told
Abraham
of his
between the
British
and the
East, taking
tin,
other; or whether
not stated
but
offer
just after
he had been to
up Isaac
When
Sarah was
for
Abraham was
old,
and well
stricken in age
in all things."
Abraham
Abraham
"
:
Damascus
And
of
make
God
God
my son of the daughters of Canaanites, among whom I dwell but thou shalt
:
Terah and
go unto
wife unto
'
A dram.
my
141
my
country,
and
to
my
me
son Isaac.'
And
him,
Peradventure the
woman
land
:
not be willing
I
to follow
unto
this
must
needs bring
thou
the
land
from whence
'
And Abraham
Beware thou
:
my
The Lord
father's
God
me
from
my
my
spake unto me, and that sware unto me, saying, " " Unto he shall send thy seed will I give this land ;
his
unto
my
son
from thence
And
the
and departed,
in his
*
:
goods of
his
master were
hand and he
arose,
and went
to
Mesopotamia,*
It will
enough to follow us up
tive
Mesopotamia is a descrip-
word, signifying "between two rivers" or dry land between waters ; consequently, a Mesopotamia may well have been in
the west.
inferred from
That there was more than one Mesopotamia may be "The God of Glory appeared what Stephen says
:
to our father
dwelt
in
Charran.
dwell."
4.)
And
now we have
142
Abraham
of
his
own house
that
to
be
the
wife
of
his
son
Isaac?
should
be unbroken.
to
the
end, for
we read
city,
he made
his
camels kneel
down
without the
women go
be
out to draw
to
his.
We
give the
:
Rebekah
it
"And
"
of
came
had done
Rebekah came
am
the Lord
out,
who was
thee out
who brought
The Ur
first
spoken of
same
place,
Terah and
A bram.
her
pitcher
143
Abraham's
shoulder.
brother,
with
upon
to
her
look
And
the damsel
was very
fair
down
to the well,
and
filled
her
and came
said,
up.
I
And
and
Let me,
water
of thy pitcher.
And
let
my
lord.
And
down her
And when
him
draw water
camels
also, until
The
These
figures are
be seen
in the caves,
stone
that
monuments of both
proves
the sculptors
with a fidelity
to
have
been perfectly
We
cannot
tell
visit
them
144
an
it is
Terah and
A bram.
;
integral portion
of the Continent
but certain
that
if
have been
if
is,
in
789
B.C.,
we
happened
"And
came
to
done
man
a shekel weight,
whose daughter
thou
tell
me,
pray thee,
is
there
room
in thy
father's
in.
And
him
.
I
.
am
.
We
room
to lodge in
And
the
his
ran out
unto the
man unto
came
to pass
his
when
sister's
when he heard
the words of
Rebekah
his
....
in,
Come
Laban, her
brother,
*
encouraged
Hab.
iii.
;
Ezek. xxxviii.
20
Amos
i.
I.
Terah and
A bra
in.
145
And
"
man ?
"
And
nurse,
they sent
away Rebekah
and her
and Abra-
ham's servant with his men, and they blessed Rebekah, and said unto her:
"Thou
art
our sister; be
The
by Isaac
"
:
As he went
lifted
to
his
up
with the
Sarah's
Israel.
fair
Hebrew
girl
who was
to
occupy
tent,
Isaac,
then,
has
satisfied
his
;
father's
wish,
and
the race of
Heber
sent to
in
its
purity.
Abraham
we
may
take
it
from
it
of country in
that there
was a
and
Abraham;
"
S/ii/iar,
or the
Old
Land"
Terah seems
have
left in
146
larly
TcraJi
Ireland,
and Abram.
satisfactory
more
indications
of
his
dwelling and
name than
are to
be found
in
for
far
Abrabolder
for
is
to
be accounted
by
by
his
people
in their"
genealogies, have
is
to say of
to
2, 3, 4.
He
is
speak-
Thus
saith the
Lord
side
God
of Israel,
Your
fathers dwelt
on the other
father of Nachor,
and
him throughout
and
I.
Mount
Seir,
to
posinto
down
Egypt/"
The Koran,
throws great
origin of the
cap.
vi.,
p. 105, refers to
Terah.
it,
It
light, if \ve
are to believe
upon the
Tcrafhim
We
Terah and
leise
A dram.
They were a
147
travelling
it
possible
we would have no
records to show to us
faith of
its
similarity,
Abraham
Abraham
is
known
as
name
lives in
The
great
monument
spelt, is
of Abri^ or Avebury as
it
is
sometimes
tells
He
us
it
was erected
is
but he
not
verjfc
clear
it is.
upon the
point,
statement as
Isaac seems
wife,
Rebekah of Ur.
beloved of God,
man
became
a great nation."
better than Esau.
Rebekah
of
Heth had
grieved her
much
148
said unto
him
"
:
Thou
shalt
And
We
but
we read
his
God
appearing to him
on
way
upon
his
road
and here he
built
Bethel.
"
his journey,
and came
land of his
people,
the
"
And he
lo,
and
sheep lying by
it,
watered
well's
upon the
mouth."
In a
field
he says,
My
brethren,
whence be ye
And
they said,
Of
Haran
are
we."
then that he
Haran of
He
We know
him.
And he
149
And
they said,
He
is
well
his daughter
cometh with
the sheep."
A verse in
the
Book
And
Ritchel their
sister.
Who
Ritchel ?
Surely
whom
Jacob served
for twenty-one
Laban
is
Dinhabah,
King of Edom.
Chron.
"
i.
etc.;
and
in
I.
43,
we
And
reigned in the
And
the
reigned in
Edom, and
name
of his
city
was
Dinhabah.
And
And Jobab
in
his stead.
And Husham
died,
of Moab,
his city
was
And Hadad
150
And Samlah
died,
and Saul of
Rehoboth by the
died,
And
Saul
in
his stead.
And
his
The names
this
Adam
Clarke, in his
Targum, which
refers to the
King Bela
"
:
Balaam,
as Laban, the
who formed a
Esau
to destroy to
Jacob and
children
and he
he
strived
destroy
them
utterly.
Afterwards,
his royal city
reigned in
was
Dinhabah, because
was
killed
by
(we wonder
if this
in
151
It
and
is
perhaps in allusion to
r
any difference
it
in the
meaning
for not
word
Hebrew,
is
to
be accounted
*)
by
Hebrew
language,
that
accommodates
itself to
explain as the
it.
same word
Mark,
for
D*ntfj
Edom.
meant,
to
if
Adam,
or red earth;
especially
to a country characterised
earth, or coloured
iron.
or
Adam
as
ftie
the story of
man made
Now,
to
thus
a country
appearance of
of,
red earth ; so
it
applied to a part
by
this peculiarity
of the
soil.
Moab,
in the
ft,
literally from
is
the father.
father, and
another
for
it
example of
different
152
is
Adam
Clarke,
in evidence
upon, and
assists
We
find the
name
a mountain, and a
Wales, not
far
from Dync-
Dynevor has
connection with
been
the
mentioned by us
tribute of
before,
in
honey
to Lud.
is
also referred
to.
common
Teman
of the
The occupation
almost
tribes
all
of the
Jerome
distant
mention Teman
fifteen miles
as
town
to
in
their
day,
(according
post.
and
Roman
maan
The
of
the
existing
(see
Burckhardt) with
Teman
rest
may be
geographically correct,
but
it
cannot
153,
usual,
grounds."
As
diffi-
who must go
If there
is
to the
sites.
no such
name
as
Teman
to
we cannot
err in finding
?
the
name and
place in Ireland
Teman, or Temora
known by
tiquity
remote an-
Teman
rate writers
on Bible
history.
Another word
which
for
to
we
his
is
second
Keturah.
Among
these
names
should be understood
that, generally,
when we
find a
in
name
resemblance
another
spelling,
sound, and
is,
meaning,
to
name
according to
Speaking of the
"
says
part
Midianites,
Dr.
Adam
Clarke
of
land of
154
INIoab,
Dead
is
Sea."
It is
astonishing
to find so
much
that
'"'probable''''
in the writings
Not
that
we doubt
Josephus says
the
"The
city,
Red Sea
/"
that there
is
was.
is
a parish
named
quoted.
names
in the genealogy
As
in
We
will
Pan"
because
it
is
therefore
by the
?
Pyrenees
but
why
is it
We
now
" to
return to him.
He
is
sent
by
Syrian" (Gen.
Padan-Aram, in the
is
Welsh
translation
of
the Bible,
substituted
for
155
it
But
is
remarkable
that there
Wales, not
far
from Dinebah
Sf,
neighbourhood, called
bearing the
Padati's,
and a mountain
is
same name.
In Ireland there
St.
many
it
marvels recorded.
for
We
to
give these
names but
to
is
the
ingenious
decide
as
whether
there
were a people
of Padan-Aram
in
Western
Europe
in
names
to the places
visited,
or as
The Padan-Aram
On
this
we have
to say
that there
no more remarkable
British
fact to our
mind
than
in
that
the
Islands,
above
any quarter
the world,
are
and
speckled cattle.
in
There
another fact
for
the country
in
hazel,
and
green-poplar;
these
not Eastern
trees,
tell
but
us
native
of
these
islands.
Commentators
hazel
must mean
but of
the
almond-tree,
plane-tree,
156
course these
Genesis xxx.
37:
"And
and
pilled
white
strakes
in
them,
The
Celtic
were
poses.*
The
events
in-
by Jacob, perhaps
learnt
by him of them.
what were they
?
The wood
were kept. The rod of office, the rod of the Magician, the
rod of Moses, Aaron's rod, the Utwts of the
Augur, the Freemason's rod, and
Roman
many
other rods of
the Taff, at
Caedydd
church of Glastonbury,
was
The miners
of
in the present
day
157
"
:
The
alluvium
stone."
He
"No
permanent streams
heavy
found
No
settled
sustenance in
dates,
breath both
men and
animals.
But
if
man by
inured to
these regions,
is
animal creation.
distressed
Camels
sicken,
in
air."
believe
Mr.
by
158
how was
it
possible
called
by him Galeed.
set
it
" And
up
for a pillar.
And Jacob
brethren, Gather
stones;
did eat there upon the heap." (Gen. xxxi. 45, 46.)
We
upon
think there
is
these quotations to
show
that
it
was
in the
stones in
Ur
or Chaldsea.
But
let
us see
how
the
first
Ur and
Chaldaea of the
We
Ur and
Then, from what sources were the metals taken of which the people of
this quarter
manufactured their
weapons of war
their
!
swords
and
shields,
&c.
No
metals there
there.
and Nineveh.
Had
it
We
159
ever
became
great
Robert Kane,
in
excellent
work,
"The
Industrial
:
Resources of
Ireland,"* says
upon
this point
"
state of semi-barbarism.
Its chiefs
its
may be
magnifi-
warriors
may be armed
workmen bestow a
finish,
admirable
cost, as
rarity
and
population
of
all
power
to
domestic comfort.
only
it
when
iron
is
obtainable,
the
means of constructing
and
zation
people
"
Some
manufacturing industry
forests,
Covered with
Cap. III.
60
wood
charcoal was
and Russia
mechanism.
sidered as
for all
now
art."
As
argument,
that
the
British
and
particularly Ireland,
and Euphrates.
of Ur, according to Rawlinson
to
The neighbourhood
have
embracing
the
extent
of
modern Bagdad.
The
Pashalic of
Bagdad
stretches
lat.
about 30
south-west
Persia,
to 38
N., long. 40
and 48
E.
on the
desert, east
by
bekir.
450
by the Euphrates
161
and enter the
divided
which afterwards
unite,
It is generally
The land
lying
Aram Naharam,
and
The
first is
now
fertile,
and the
third
and sandy.
The
between the
that
it is
caused
No
settled
time in this
possible he
The
italics
are ours.
Now,
is it
can be
saying
serious,
and so
the sake of
this,
other writer
exist there,
upon the
and there
many
quite
found
sustenance.
is
that
all
the
necessaries
and
luxuries
of
the
empires
of
we
give
it
just as
modern
civilizations
do
own
internal resources.
Even
an era
anterior,
r.s
some
62
mention made
its
trade ramifications;
we mean
Babylon and
upon
their
own
saries of
life.
We
first
moment
that
man
in his
and natural
and unpromising
He
is
more
likely to
smile of nature
feeling
upon
it
of
!
Nothing from
their
own and
we suppose not
It
exist upon.
for
it
is
manifest
No
fluid/'
163
its
described,
or that Mr.
telling
it
us of
some other
sible
for
was impos-
the
human
family
to
prosper.
and a Nineveh
in the
East, just as
we
believe
and
their
Ur
that have
scholars,
Europe.
The
district
of
Ur and
climate,
of a salubrious
resources of
its
and with
mineral
civil
own, or
is
impossible that
there.
And when we
reflect
of Chaldaea, the
ments,
Hebrew
and
their
monutheir
and
find their
similarities,
and often
and monuments,
we cannot
reasonably
we
64
first
human
family
in the
went
forth
from a
fruitful
We
its
identity as
Ur
of
far
very
full
mountainous and
and Champain
all
up
to the brim, at
doth run
forth,
The
is
for the
most part
cool, clear,
taste
and
(not Brackish
and unpalatable
And
"
again,
No
*
is fuller
of brooks
"
165
on
all sides."
is
As we have
any
place to
perhaps above
the land of
and
and elsewhere.
Galeedin
Mizpah (Gen.
was on a mountain
to
Ur
of the Chaldees,
the
and
is
be distinguished from
The
Gilead of
Ur was a
witness between
The land
of Tob
of the Atlantic
it
known
as Ireland.
was reproached by
to
his uncle
him
at
Mount
away
for stealing
all
his
and camels.
Laban
speaks to him
"
Why
did'st
thou not
tell
66
sent thee
tabret
songs,
with
"
was
Laban
is
in Ur.
Of
to
that, there-
from
Ethnology
is
not
yet
sufficiently
Until
it
does
settle this
question
a concluat
sion,
likely to
be ever arrived
we must hold
customs and
first
had
their first
and
or Europe.
The
we have
Among
in the
Jacob and
British Islands,
E'sau.
names of
by
Josephus Lea,
villages,
167
places.
is
principally in the
His
first
common name
England of
rivers,
and
is
Reu, or Reuben,
as
common
one of
Simeon,
cases
their
his
leaves
his
name,
proves
in
many
once
unaltered,
origin;
in forms also
that
at
thus,
etc.
Simonite,
another son of
as having
his,
may be
been referred
Judah,
and other
families.*
also a son of
Reuben,
is
Judson,
etc.
There was
Dan
is
many
name
is
examples
of the
name
to
be found everywhere in
the ancient
Western Europe.
Danmonia was
Denmark
after the
people of
a Scythian tribe
who
settled
there,
whom
some have alleged to be the same as the Tuath-deDanan, a colony that went
Milesians,
to
Ireland before
the
The Dedan
Page
127.
68
xxv.
of Ezek.
20,
from
its
proximity to
in Ireland.
to.
Of Gad, another
we have
before referred
and we
in
find his
name
Devynock of Ashir.
sons of Jacob
Zebulon,
the
is
last
name
of the
in the
we
quote here,
to
be found
name
of a place on
became an
It
for
now
restored,
and
is
an
We
<SV/<?rt7/-Mizpah
was on a
mountain
Ur
by
that
we mean
find that
was
in Ireland.*
Now we
Jacob, on this
it
mount of
It is
and
set
up
*
for a pillar.
not a
little
remarkable that
As
we
give the
"Gilead
is
whole
country beyond Jordan." From Smith's Diet, of the Bible we "There is no evidence in fact that any particular mountake
tain
....
the
first
notice
we have
name Gilead
;
is
Jacob (Gen.
but
is
referred to under the name " (Gen. xiv. 5). giant Zuzims
inhabited by the
169
and
that
it
many
upon
centuries
it.
sitting
This
Beside
time
this, it
name
immemorial.
it
Some Jewish
are
oj
opinion that
patriarch
is
"And
the stone that he had put for his pillow, and set
for a pillar
"
up
(Gen.
xxviii. 18).
OR, STONE OF
As
Ireland was
called
Inis-Fail,
or the
Island of
Destiny,
Lia
Fail,
or the
Stone of Destiny.
The
ancient
used to
sit
upon
it
This stone was sent to Scotland in the sixth century for the coronation of Fergus,
who was
of the
many
centuries at
70
from
I.
it
and conveyed
to WestIt is
it
is
said,
having
upon
it
Luz.
Bethel,
or
Luz,
was
in
Jacob planted a
which shows
in Ireland
to the in
to
;
him
was
coming
Ur
before he
to plant a third
14).
on
his return
MSS.
was
at
a remote
mound
at
Tara, and taken to the kings at Cruachan, in Connaught, and that because of that
its
it
ceased to emit
charm.
Cuchulain,
who
resented
its
to a note in
his
friend,
the
Fiacha
in
of
Ireland,
the
beginning of the
century,
171
accustomed sound
of
the
the
inauguration
of
Con
Hundred
Battles, in the
monarch.
In the beginning of the sixth century Murtogh
Mac
land,
Earca,
who was
colonies,
and
settled in
He
it,
and so
feel,
in accord-
upon
his throne.
Some
when Aodh
Finliath,
King of
his
Ire-
to
father-in-
The former
to
rhyme attaching
Cineadh
Scuit, saor
an fhine
172
This
is
Unless the fixed decrees of Fate give way, The Scots shall govern and the sceptre sway,
Where
and
its
into Latin
Ne
fallat
Thus
translated
announced
found the
in vain,
wScots shall reign.
Where
palladium of their kingdom, from a very ancient prophecy, that the Scotch or Milesian race would continue
to rule
first
while
at the
it
was in
their possession.
St.
It
was kept
Monastery of
Columkille, at
was
mistaking
Columkille,
its
removal from
to Scone,
the
Monastery of
at lona,
by
173
observes that
first
was
Hence
reiterate
set
the
name
of
We
how
need not
our opinion
here that
it
up by Jacob.
this
It is strange
stone.
Some
writers,
and
actually yet to
have proved
it
to
let into
the
the whole
surface,
The
iron
rings,
the battered
its
has
all
but rent
solid
to
its
long migrations.
of the English
thus
embedded
in
the heart
monarchy
an element of poetic,
patriarchal,
heathen
Temple of Solomon,
carries
back our
;
now
almost extinct
to the tradi-
tions of
74
complex
forces of our
mother
Dean
upon
he confines himself to
of course, loses the
it.
accounts
only,
and,
It is
how
the reverend
"
it
to his
favourite son,
in Ireland,
first
and
in Tara,
where
it
remained
and
what
Jar.
fertile
No
one knows
from
there
Was
of any
nation
of them,
The name
*
Stanley's
" Memorials
175
Saman,
in
Divinity,,
wrm
presided at the
When
and
interpreters
and not
till
Fergus,
who succeeded
is
over
to Scotland,
quoted by Dean
Stanley,
it
and others
is
given in
but
than
"The
Sun,"
"
may be
indeed,
we
believe
ling of the
word Brack.
as
meaning a
may,
thus
it
176
Columba's pillow.
pillow
Visions of angels
also to
Columba's pillow of
time as a
monument
St.
Columba
stone at lona, or
follows
St.
Columba's pillow.
Adamnan
tells
Cumine
in nearly the
us
how
Columba's
eyes
their
in death;
glory,
how
that,
his
and
as
to
over the
sea,
to
different
stone
at
any
rate,
was
deposited in lona
when
it
first
77
and Scone,
to
place
it
Edward
I.
we have ample
evidence, for
when
the Scots
it,
showed
the Londoners
gave
it
have
Dean
Stanley
gives an account of
"
solemn
article in the
Treaty of Northampton,
Accordingly Edward
III.,
Abbot
to
receive the
it
to
mother.
fulfilled.
All
Even
the
"
of Holyrood, which
the other
relics,
Edward
had
Scone to be
178
RAMSAY, LL.D.,
F.R.S.,
19,
1865
AT
Dean
of Westminster, I joined
The
:
my observations
One
consists of
embedded
of these
which
was unable
is
to ascertain.
stone.
The rock
sides.
calcareous,
and
is
"freestone."
more of
its
A
lie,
little
rings
To my
eye the
stone appears as
had
very
difficult to settle
any
far transported
when
Maitland, p. 146.
79
somewhat vague
is
in
its
earlier stages.
The
and the
different portions
formation are
so
various, that
may have
The
staffnage also consists of old red sandstone, reddish or purplish in hue, and much of it is conglomerate near
and
in other places.
is
land" there
a note
vol.
ii.)
in which, writing of
is
"The
stone in question
doorway
at Dunstaffnage Castle."
There can be
little
doubt
neighbourhood, the sandstone strata of which are described in a letter now before
was
me, by my colleague, Mr. Geskie, as dull reddish or purplish. This precisely agrees with the character of the Coronation Stone
itself.
calcareous.
This
correct.
When
the stone
was placed
on the table
a
soft brush,
in the
and
as
Abbey the lower part of it was swept with many grains of sand were thus detached
itself.
from the stone as would cover a sixpence. Among these was a minute fragment of the stone
These
were tested
for
me
found to be slightly calcareous. The red colouring matter is There can be no doubt that the stone dust peroxide of iron.
matter of which the mass
brushed off the lower surface of the stone truly represents the It was simply loosened is composed.
age,
by old showed
grains of quartz
and when examined with the magnifying glass, and a few small scales of mica, pre-
On
doorway of Dunstaffnage Castle may have been derived from the same parent rock, though as there are plenty of red sandstone
80
sn Ireland (from
it
may
be impossible
It is extremely improbable that the stone has been derived from any of the rocks of the Hill of Tara, from whence it is said to have been transported to Scotland, for they, on the
and (as explained in one of the memoirs of the Irish survey, do not present the texture of red colour so characteristic of the Coronation Stone.
Neither could
it
which, on the authority of my colleague, Mr. Geikie, consist There is no red sandof a flaggy micaceous grit of gneiss.
stone on
it,
so far as I
know
indeed, I
am
is
none.
That
it
is
The
Pyramid
is built,
and though we
Egypt, I
know
etc.) in
have never heard of any strata occurring there similar to the red sandstone of the Coronation Stone.
Dean
"The
stone
is
conclusions
The
We
examination of what
relic,
little
even by
scientific investi-
but
it is
not a
strange that
we
find
them
81
own
facts as to
there
the elements of the stone, and their admission that " is plenty of red sandstone in Ireland." And
that the early history of the stone
it
when we know
is
is
Dean
from
is
certainly
Scotland,
that
probably from
it
Scone"
unless
he
means
since
and
while tarrying
And
early in the
his sons
his way,
is
2.
it
This place,
another
Mahanaim, brings us
to consider with
name
we
we mean Je^ar-SahadutJuL
82
Mahanaim,* Gen.
InZfc^.D^ltb-
Jegar-
The above
is
what
is
said
new
The
Jegar-Sahadutha.
:
In
this
form
it is
capable of
Celtic, as
believed
Gall (often in
"camps."
;
"two
hosts," or
Some have
him
own camp and the camp of angels. (So Abenezra, and after More likely the angels were encamped on the Clericus).
hand and on the
(see
left,
right
Jacob
on V.
I.
The
is still
place called
Mahanaim was
in the
tribe of
Jos. xxi.
38.
like
Mahanaim.
the
f Jegar-Sahadutha
is
heap of witness."
time Jacob spoke Hebrew, whilst his uncle Laban spoke Syraic. We can only account for this by supposing either that the family of Nahor originally
spoke Syraic, and that Abraham and his descendants learned Hebrew in Canaan, where evidently the Hebrew language was
indigenous
when he
which
is
first
went
there,
or else,
left the early seat of the family had unlearned their original Hebrew, and acquired the Syraic dialect of Padan-Aram." Notes from new edition of Bible.
of
Laban having
183
as
Ha from
(W.
lech).
The
and
stone,
or stone altar.
There
it
is
a word in
(ledCt>),
Irish
that
is
is
lea'cd
but
it
meaning of
Galeed without
presses fire
stone,
aid
^M-led ^,
1
and
stone,
or stone
and
fire,
and
so have
we
Galeed, or the
heap of
which
may be
to
mean something
witness."
mark or
is
"heap of
This
the
the
more
likely as there
cannot be found in
Hebrew a more
in
A!> gal,
Parkhurst, means,
among
other things,
we have
offered a better
and truer
its
said to have
equi-
Sahadutha
we
We now
Esau.
more
particularly to
The people
who
184
little
or
no
Mosaic account.
is
found in posses-
"
And Esau
and
daughters,
all
his substance
and went
Jacob. " For their riches were more than that they might
dwell together;
they were
cattle.
in
Mount
Seir,
Esau
is
Edom."
The
1739
parting
of
in in
1740
B.C.,
Seir,
he had resided
in, for
that
was
in
Canaan.
The above
by a
list
of the gene-
rations of Esau,
kings
before
referred
who
possessed
Temen,
men-
we have shown,
identifies
185
Mount Gilead
Targum
to
is
said
by the
have broken
how
this
may
have happened.
flocks
Jacob
and
herds,
al-
his
present, yet
we
are
for-
his blessing
and
his birthright.
grievance,
and
it
did
much
to
the covenant
made
may
We
burial
we
and
Isaiah, that
Edom
The
heard in the
of
Red
Sea."
The punishment
Edom
was evidently
by earthquake
and
referred to
by Amos,
by
86
Calmet says
in the time of
amongst them
them.
that
Romulus derived
from
obstinately men-
calls Italy
and
Rome
assert
"
The most
cruel empire of
Edom."
The Jews
Constantine, got to
Rome and
Roman
Rome."
are associated with Sier
The Edomites
Sier.
and Mount
to
The
its
Sier in
have
received
name from
At
any
rate
we
spoken of in
time of
connection with
Mount
There
is
mous with
"
is
Gebal.
Sier,
Gebal, instead of
Mount
Gebla.
*
We
Abdon
also
Roman
David,
calendar
St.
classed amongst the Saints of the some Mosaic- Scripture names St.
Abraham,
St.
Job, St.
or
Aaron,
St.
Daniel,
St.
Asaph,
St.
Gummar
Gomar, &c.
187
capital
Gebaline
signifies
in
Idumea,
and
its
Petra.
Gebal
a mountain,
it
The
Gebal of Ezekiel,
in the disSt.
as
which
is
Jerome
called Gebaline.
city,
The Gibal
its
of Ezekiel was no
mean
Giblites,
and
Biblians,
in the Vulgate;
and
in the
LXX., we may
13; Kings
ii.
5,
in the Bible,
is
west, occidental;
and
it
ward;
therefore
is
most
likely to
in this sense
by
it
Unless
was
actually
the
case,
how
shall
we
88
jfacob
and Esau.
this signification in
the
Was
it
the
Hebrew
Hebrew vocabulary ?
the word must have
called Siar,
in
come
As
tell
to the place
Hebrew
lexicons merely
in
us that
it is
the
name
it
of a place
in
the
East,
some of them
referring to
putting
it
as a place
The
same
by Vallency and
word
Gael.
If
be
so,
we can
see
little difficulty
in understanding
may have
in process
silent,
same
pronunciation as Gael.
No
one
these
may be assumed
the west
unknown
to Bible scholars,
who, as
we
189
mentioned
in Scripture.
his long line
From Exodus
the
xv. 15,
we
find that
Dukes of
The
title
of honour, often at
for his
signified
some
which
one distinguished
his
mental
qualities, after
title,
who
by any remarkable
English
meant
originally
"leader" a
their
man
recognised by
his tribe as
quality.
head
Irish
in
The
sense,
"The Dukes
of
Edom shall be
amazed."
t The Caliph of the Arabians remains, another form of the word, meaning the same thing.
90
of
whom
"
the
Mahometans
call
Esau desired
his father to
he
had prayed
issue
for
Jacob that
saints
from him.
God
whom
de-
Roman
is
emperors"
(Calmet).
there
ancients of Gebal
&c, of Psalms,
Gebal
is
referred to as
against Israel.
As we have
and
therefore
means
west,
may be
taken to
The
fact of
it
way
Gebal
"
O, thou that art situate at the entry of the sea, which art
many
isles."
Ezek. xxvii.
3.
191
the Narbonites.
modern Europe.
tells
Again, Strabo
and
Guibelines.
powerful
were Gebalines.
3,
In Ezekiel
xxvii.
we have
"O
many
isles;"
to
but
we
find in the
same
chapter,
kind of
with
fairs."
silver,
iron,
tin,
Spain
but
it
said
by some
192
by some
to,
for the
most
part, inhabit
British
Islands,
it,
gave his
name
to Tarshish, as
we understand
in the south
in
connection
men
of Dedan,
and
names
Dan and
and north of
and
24th verses of the last mentioned chapter of Ezekiel, " as thy merchants in all sorts of things." Canna is
the
it
name
and
how
the
as
name Eden,
find
it
or Edin,
became prefixed
di?iburgh,
it,
to burgh,
we
in the
name
as
names of places
Eden.
England.
One
of her rivers
is
also called
14,
Dedan
prophesied by
Amos and
Obadiah.
Teman
(p.
597) says,
"As
to the geographical
193
nor
it
once mentions
IE
Paran" (Habakkuk
3).
The words
are
"
The Hebrew
"red
is
that he
was
name
Esau."
mean
red
earth, is believed
be equivalent
the
to the
word Esau.
spoken of in
both
Essenians
Gebaline,
the
are
the
to
and
Ees,
de-
had
close
this
God
Bryant points
out
as
Cuthite radical,
titles
fire,
of the
sun
("Ancient Mythology,"
p. 31.)
In the
trie
Irish the
word
is
also spelled
moon.
him
we cannot
but
it is
word
represents the
word Easga, or
es,
formed
the
God Ees
of Bryant
originally
was
word
esoteric itself
94
The
Gaelic system.
Gblm"
"
Sir
W.
the
Drummond
who put
"
Temple
called.
of
Solomon ;
stone-
There
is
a very celebrated
name
in Irish mythology,
his
. .
.
name
Gobban-
at
:
..."
He
"The
first
name
body [Freemasons]
thirdly,
son
of God.
In no
viz.,
the
it
Irish.
The Hebrews
by
We may
con-
that
Esau was
at least a sojourner
Ireland,
and
to the present
195
God
name
for Ballyshannon,
seems
it
form
much
as in
be the same as
Eas or Esau.
in this way,
it
the
Red branch
whom
were
the
MacDougalls, MacAlesters.
The
"
the
Ollam
or
Aulift
Hebrew, Aleph
(tthtf),
or
The
to single
him out
o 2
196
CONCLUSION.
1WTANY
to things
come new
to us,
surprise
with their
apparent
similarities
all
we know, and we
and
relations, that
in the
end deceive.
we
old,
many
and
relations
we
if
at the
sametime
Yet,
the support
we should have
present
tire.
size, in
the
hope that
chiefly
if it
interested
it
would not
We
have
brought down to
it is
fair to
originally.
the progenitors
Hebrew
first
name
from the
Gaels.
Concision.
As
there are
some
allusions in the
Irish
bardic
Hebrew
When
the
Scotic
Amergin,
their
poet,
From Amergin
until the
many
mentioned
Bollandus (Acta
is
ad 17 Mart, torn
2,
not alone in denying that the Irish were a lettered people before the
Roman
Christian missionaries.
He
But as Dr.
O'Donovan
as yet
"
truly says
:
The
it is
198
Conclusion.
We
on one
side,
The
old Irish
had
from the
several dis-
who had
among them.
Ogma Mac
Elatbain,
vir-
afterwards
are mentioned;
Irish
and we
are
told when,
and
by whom the
Farsaidh
is
letters
were invented.
Fenius
and
it is
said that in
men
it
hal and
ferred
lar,
to as having taught
Fenius
Farsaidh,
it
seems,
returned, .after
twenty
Conclusion.
99
O'Donovan
"
(Irish
Grammar,
Intro-
named
named
told, reigned
over Scythia
from
He
had two
sons,
Nenual and
whom
Niul
public
many
years
continued teaching in
the
schools
of his
learning
;
kingdoms
and
invited
him
Niul*
Red
The
pedigrees to this
2OO
Sea,
Conclusion.
and gave him
his daughter Scota in marriage, Irish
at Capaciront,
and was
Egyptians
in the arts
and
Moses
took
Israel,
At
this
time,
whom
he named Gaedhal,
son of Eathor, and
honour of
The descendants
by sea and
land, emigrating
Egypt again
to Gothia
;
from Thrace
in
finally arrived
Heber
twenty-first
We
Book
not
did
a, b, c, like
Conclusion.
a, b,
2OI
alphabets, but
it
g, like
Hebrew
f,
from which
b,
1,
received
its its
name
Bobel-loth;
or with
n,
from which,
letters
appellation Beth-luis-nion.
Each of the
its
of the
of the
masters
who
Farsaidh,
letter
and
the
after
Beth-luis-nion
alphabet each
was named
not."
some
tree, for
what reason we
know
names of the
of the Bobeltheir
b Bobel
.1
t,
^ Talemon
C Cai
q Qualep Mareth
Loth
c,
f,
^ Foroun
q,
s,
f
t) \\
Saliath
m,
g,
ttj
n, h, d,
r,
Nabgadon
Hirwath, or Uria
3 Gath
Ngoimer
ng,l)3
T>
Davith
sd,f -D Stru
eu,
oi,
ft,
Ruben
Achab
eu lachim or lumelchus
oj Ordinos
a,
-d
o,
o Ose
ui,
io,
uj Judsemos
70 Jodonius
u,
j,
U
j
Uriath
Etrocuis, or
Esu
a,
Ai frin
2O2
The
Conclusion.
reader will bear in
mind what
is
said
of
then have
little difficulty
of probability,
if
not of truth,
on the
Hebrew
which,
we have brought
to bear
upon the
affinity
Hebrew
original.
In the BetJirluis-nion alphabet there are some remarkable resemblances to the sounds of the
Hebrew and
Greek
letters,
thus
Hebrew.
Greek.
Irish.
l beth
j
beta
N R A
E
nun
N nu
P rho
1 resh
beith, beech-tree.
nion, ash-tree.
mi^ bore-tree-elder.
ailm, palm-tree.
N aleph
alpha
eta
21 djtttl
n he
the same.
this point
"If the
Irish
their alphabet
Conclusion.
203
Cadmus
all
the rest?"
that
the
Phoenician
alphabet
Bastulan, the
Punic Carthaginian or
Pelasgian Greek;"
and Higgins
to
in his
which we
"Was
a language
the present
letters
Hebrew, Greek,
were invented."*
Sanskrit,
and
Deva-Negari
LOTH LETTERS.
Bobel seems to
initiate language, or to
commemorate
may be
repre-
not a
little
wonderful
to us,
how
the
word
babble has
come down
I. p. 16.
-2
O4
Conclusion
if
we
allow, as
not
much
to hinder
became a teacher
for in
Davith
is
unquestionably to be
understood
as
David
the
first
a David
of the
we do not consider
that
name was
is
Gath
(or Gad,
the th
writings
substituted for
d\ Gad was
the
name
most
likely
schoolmasters.
this
name.
Ose, perhaps the genitive of the
of the prophets.
Etrocuis, or
Esu
the
so
Book
like
Ur\
Esu seems
that
in
to
be
the
word Esau
order to
Conclusion.
205
we
will
not
comment upon
reader.
it,
but leave
it
to the
judgment of the
divested of
it,
there
much
likelihood that
we have
the origin
These
names,
in
their
similarities,
are
to
be
say the
Irish
had them
feel
assuming
this
an explanation
but
how
and
Chaldaean
their
traditions, the
multiplicity of
and
Let
this
be an-
or at least reasonably.
The
fact of so
206
many
Conclusion.
letters in the Bobel-loth
ficance of
names
Hebrew,
first
recognisable
the
early
history
of the
who have
originally
ing the same country, and enjoying the same laws and
institutions.
Their
similarity,
is
apparent, alike to
Jew and
Celt.
The
and gone
and
and
as
have
*
even at
this
is
"In the Morning Herald for the i6th or I7th of April 1827, a paragraph, stating that the Bible Societies were giving Hebrew Bibles to the native Irish, as it was found that they
This, in a very
remarkable manner, supports what Col. Vallancey has maintained, but which has been much ridiculed by weak people, that
Ireland was colonized by a tribe from the East, and particularly
from Phoenicia."
p. 443.
Conclusion
207
The sooner
direct
their
philologists
and
studies
and
university,
the
way
pretations
in
THE END.
5,
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