Phng php 2: Bo ton khi lng

Phng php bo ton khi lng

1. Ni dung phng php
- p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng (BTKL): Tng khi lng cc cht tham gia phn ng
bng tng khi lng cc cht sn phm
iu ny gip ta gii bi ton ha hc mt cch n gin, nhanh chng
Xt phn ng: A + B C + D
Ta lun c: mA + mB = mC + mD (1)
* Lu : iu quan trng nht khi p dng phng php ny l vic phi xc nh ng lng cht
(khi lng) tham gia phn ng v to thnh (c ch n cc cht kt ta, bay hi, c bit l khi
lng dung dch).
2. Cc dng bi ton thng gp
H qu 1: Bit tng khi lng cht ban u khi lng cht sn phm
Phng php gii: m(u) = m(sau) (khng ph thuc hiu sut phn ng)
H qu 2: Trong phn ng c n cht tham gia, nu bit khi lng ca (n 1) cht th ta d dng tnh
khi lng ca cht cn li.
H qu 3: Bi ton: Kim loi + axit mui + kh
mui
m

kim loi
= m

anion to mui
+ m

- Bit khi lng kim loi, khi lng anion to mui (tnh qua sn phm kh) khi lng
mui
- Bit khi lng mui v khi lng anion to mui khi lng kim loi
- Khi lng anion to mui thng c tnh theo s mol kh thot ra:
Vi axit HCl v H2SO4 long
+ 2HCl H2 nn 2Cl H2
+ H2SO4 H2 nn SO42 H2
Vi axit H2SO4 c, nng v HNO3: S dng phng php ion electron (xem thm phng
php bo ton electron hoc phng php bo ton nguyn t)
H qu 3: Bi ton kh hn hp oxit kim loi bi cc cht kh (H2, CO)
S : Oxit kim loi + (CO, H2) rn + hn hp kh (CO2, H2O, H2, CO)
Bn cht l cc phn ng: CO + [O] CO2
H2 + [O] H2O
rn
n[O] = n(CO2) = n(H2O) m

oxit
=m

- m[O]

3. nh gi phng php bo ton khi lng.

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Phng php 2: Bo ton khi lng

Phng php bo ton khi lng cho php gii nhanh c nhiu bi ton khi bit quan h v
khi lng ca cc cht trc v sau phn ng.
c bit, khi cha bit r phn ng xy ra hon ton hay khng hon ton th vic s dng
phng php ny cng gip n gin ha bi ton hn.
Phng php bo ton khi lng thng c s dng trong cc bi ton nhiu cht.
4. Cc bc gii.
- lp s bin i cc cht trc v sau phn ng.

- T gi thit ca bi ton tm trc

sau

(khng cn bit phn ng l hon ton hay khng

hon ton)
- Vn dng nh lut bo ton khi lng lp phng trnh ton hc, kt hp d kin khc lp h
phng trnh ton.
- Gii h phng trnh.
TH D MINH HA
V d 1: Ho tan hon ton 3,9 gam kali vo 36,2 gam nc thu c dung dch c nng
A. 15,47%.

B. 13,97%.

C. 14,0%

D. 4,04%.

Gii:
2K + 2H2O

2KOH +

H2

0,1

0,10

0,05(mol)

mdung dch = mK + m H 2O - m H 2
C%KOH =

= 3,9 + 36,2 - 0,05

0,156
100 % = 14%
40

2 = 40 gam

p n C

V d 2: in phn dung dch cha hn hp CuSO4 v KCl vi in cc tr n khi thy kh bt u

thot ra c hai in cc th dng li thy c 448 ml kh (ktc) thot ra anot. Dung dch sau in phn
c th ho tan ti a 0,8 gam MgO. Khi lng dung dch sau in phn gim bao nhiu gam (coi
lng H2O bay hi l khng ng k) ?
A. 2,7

B. 1,03

C. 2,95.

D. 2,89.

Gii:
CuSO4 + 2KCl

Cu + Cl2 + K2SO4

(1)

0,01 0,01
Dung dch sau in phn ho tan c MgO L dung dch axit, chng t sau phn ng (1)
CuSO4 d
2CuSO4 + 2H2O

2Cu + O2 + H2SO4 (2)

0,02 0,01 0,02 (mol)

12

Phng php 2: Bo ton khi lng

480
= 0,02 (mol)
22400

nCl2 + n O 2 =
H2SO4 + MgO
0,02

MgSO4 + H2O

(3)

0,02 (mol)

mdung dch gim = mCu + m Cl 2 + m O 2

= 0,03 64 + 0,01x71 + 0,01x32 = 2,95 gam

p n C
V d 3: Cho 50 gam dung dch BaCl 2 20,8 % vo 100 gam dung dch Na 2CO3, lc b kt ta c dung
dch X. Tip tc cho 50 gam dung dch H 2SO4 9,8% vo dung dch X thy ra 0,448 lt kh (ktc). Bit cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton. Nng % ca dung dch Na 2CO3 v khi lng dung dch thu c sau
cng l:
A. 8,15% v 198,27 gam.

B. 7,42% v 189,27 gam.

C. 6,65% v 212,5 gam.

D. 7,42% v 286,72 gam.

Gii:
nBaCl2 = 0,05 mol ; Hn2SO4

BaCl2 + Na2CO3
0,05

= 0,05 mol

BaCO3 + 2NaCl

0,05

0,05

Dung dch B + H2SO4

Na2CO3 + H2SO4

0,1
kh dung dch B c Na2CO3 d

Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O

0,02

0,02

Na
n CO ban u = 0,05 + 0,02 = 0,07 mol
2

C%
Na CO =
2

0,07 106
100% = 7,42%
100

LBTKL: mdd sau cng = 50 + 100 + 50 - m - m

CO2
= 50 + 100 + 50 - 0,05.197 - 0,02.44 = 189,27 gam

p n B
V d 4: X l mt

- aminoaxit, phn t cha mt nhm -NH2 v mt nhm -COOH. Cho 0,89 gam X

phn ng va vi HCl thu c 1,255 gam mui. Cng thc to ra ca X l:

A. CH2 =C(NH2)-COOH.

B. H2N-CH=CH-COOH.

C. CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH.

D. H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH.

Gii:
HOOC - R - NH2 + HCl HOOC -R-NH3Cl

mHCl = m mui - maminoaxit = 0,365 gam mHCl = 0,01 (mol)

Maminoxit =

0,89
= 89
0,01

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Phng php 2: Bo ton khi lng

Mt khc X l

-aminoaxit p n C

V d 5: Cho 15,6 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi
9,2 gam Na, thu c 24,5 gam cht rn. Hai ancol l:
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH.

B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.

C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH.

D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.

Gii:
2 ROH + 2Na 2 RONa

+ H2

Theo bi hn hp ru tc dng vi ht Na

Hc sinh thng nhm l: Na va , do thng

gii sai theo hai tnh hung sau:

Tnh hung sai 1: nNa=

9,2
= 0,4 nru = 0,4 M
23

ru

15,6
= 39
0,4

p n A Sai.
Tnh hung sai 2: p dng phng php tng gim khi lng:
nru =

24,5 15,6
= 0,405 M
22

ru

15,6
= 38,52
0,405

p n A Sai

p dng phng php bo ton khi lng ta c:

mH2 = mru + mNa - mrn = 15,6 + 9,2 - 24,5 = 0,3 gam

nru= 2nH = 0,3 (mol) M ru =

2

15,6
= 52
0,3

p n B

V d 6: Trng hp 1,680 lt propilen (ktc) vi hiu sut 70%, khi lng polime thu c l:
A. 3,150 gam.

B. 2,205 gam.

C. 4,550 gam.

D.1,850 gam.

Gii:
LBTKL: mpropilen = mpolime =

1,680
70%
.42.
= 2,205 gam
22,4
100%

p n B

V d 7: X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH, c cn dung dch sau
phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l:
A. 17,80 gam.

B.18,24 gam.

C. 16,68 gam.

(Trch thi tuyn sinh vo cc trng i hc, Cao ng khi B, 2008)

Gii:
(RCOO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH 3RCOONa + C3H5(OH)3

0,06
0,02 (mol)
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng:
17,24 + 0,06.40= mx phng + 0,02.92 mx phng =17,80 gam

p n: A

12

D.13,38 gam.

Phng php 2: Bo ton khi lng

V d 8: Cho 3,60 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500ml dung dch gm
KOH 0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc
phn t ca X l:
A. C2H5COOH.

B. CH3COOH.

C. HCOOH.

D. C3H7COOH.

(Trch thi tuyn sinh vo cc trng i hc, Cao ng khi B, 2008)

Gii:
RCOOH + KOH RCOOK + H2O
RCOOH + NaOH RCOONa + H2O
nNaOH = nKOH = 0,5.0,12 = 0,06 mol
LBTKL: mX + mNaOH + mKOH = mrn + m H2O

m
H O = 1,08 gam Hn O = 0,06 mol
2

nRCOOH = nH O = 0,06 mol MX = R + 45 =

2

3,60
= 60
0,06

R = 15

X: CH3COOH p n B
V d 9: Nung 14,2 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ho tr 2 c 7,6 gam cht rn v kh
X. Dn ton b lng kh X vo 100ml dung dch KOH 1M th khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng
l:
A. 15 gam

B. 10 gam

C. 6,9 gam

D. 5 gam

Gii:
X l CO2
LBTKL: 14,2 = 7,6 + mX mX = 6,6 gam nX = 0,15 mol
V:

m KOH
0,1
=
< 1 mui thu c l KHCO3
0,15
n CO 2

CO2 + KOH
0,1

0,1

KHCO3
0,1

m
KHCO = 0,1.100 = 10 gam p n B
3

V d 10: Nhit phn hon ton M gam hn hp X gm CaCO3 v Na2CO3 thu c 11,6 gam cht rn v
2,24 lt kh iu kin tiu chun. Hm lng % ca CaCO 3 trong X l:
A. 6,25%

B. 8,62%

C. 50,2%

Gii:
CaCO3 t CaO + CO2
o

nCaCO 3 = nCO2 = 0,1 (mol) mCaCO 3 = 10 gam

Theo LBTKL: mX = mcht rn = mkh = 11,6 + 0,1 44=16 gam

12

D. 62,5%

Phng php 2: Bo ton khi lng

%CaCO3=

10
16

100% = 62,5% p n: D

V d 11: un 27,6 gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc vi H2SO4 c 140oC (H=100%) c 22,2 gam hn
hp cc ete c s mol bng nhau. S mol mi ete trong hn hp l:
A. 0,3.

B. 0,1

C. 0,2

D.0,05

Gii:
S ete thu c l:

3(3 +1)
=6
2

LBTKL: 27,6= 22,2 + m H 2 O m H 2 O = 5,4 gam n H 2 O = 0,3 mol

H 2O

ete

= 6nete nmi ete = 0,3: 6 = 0,5 mol p n: D

V d 12: t chy hon ton 0,025 mol cht hu c X cn 1,12 lt O 2 (ktc), dn ton b sn phm thu
c qua bnh 1 ng P2O5 khan v bnh 2 ng Ca(OH)2 d thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 0,9 gam, bnh 2
tng 2,2 gam. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C2H4O.

B. C3H6O.

C. C3H6O2.

D. C2H4O2.

Gii
mbnh 2 tng = m CO 2 , mbnh 1 tng = m H 2 O
LBTKL: mx + m O 2 = m CO 2 + m H 2 O mx + 32.0,05 = 0,9 + 2,2

mx = 1,5 gam
Mx = 1,5:0,025=60 p n: D
V d 13: Cho 20,2 gam hn hp 2 ancol tc dng va vi K thy thot ra 5,6 lt H 2(ktc) v khi
lng mui thu c l:
A. 3,92 gam

B. 29,4 gam

C. 32,9 gam

D. 31,6 gam

Gii:
R (OH)a + aK R (OK)a +

xa

a
H2
2

0,5 ax n H 2 = 0,5 ax = 0,25 ax = 0,5 mol

LBTKL: 20,2 + 39.0,5 = mmui + 2.0,25 mmui = 39,2 gam

p n A

V d 14: X phng ho cht hu c X n chc c 1 mui Y v ancol Z. t chy hon ton 4,8 gam
Z cn 5,04 lt O2 (ktc) thu c lng CO2 sinh ra nhiu hn lng nc l 1,2 gam. Nung mui Y vi
vi ti xt thu c kh T c t khi hi i vi H2 l 8. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. C2H5COOCH3

B. CH3COOCH3

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Phng php 2: Bo ton khi lng

C. HCOOCH3.

D. CH3COOC2H5

Gii:
X + NaOH

mui Y + ancol Z X: este n chc

RCOOR + NaOH t RCOONa + ROH

o

RCOONa + NaOH

CaO/t0

RH + Na2CO3

MRH = 8.2 =16 RH: CH4 RCOONa : CH3COONa

CxHyO(Z) + O2 CO2 + H2O
LBTKL: 4,8 + 0,225.32 = m CO 2 + m H 2 O = 12

m CO 2 = m H 2 O + 1,2 m CO 2 = 6,6 gam, m H 2 O = 5,4 gam

mC = 12. n CO 2 =1,8 gam; mH = 2.nH2O = 0,6 gam; mO = 2,4 gam
x: y: z =

1,8 0,6 2,4

:
:
= 0,15: 0,6: 0,15 = 1: 4: 1
12
1 16

Z: CH3OH X : CH3COOCH3 p n B
V d 15: t chy hon ton 4,3 gam mt axit cacboxylic X n chc thu c 4,48lt CO 2 (ktc) v 2,7
gam H2O. S mol ca X l:
A. 0,01mol

B. 0,02 mol

C. 0,04 mol

D. 0,05 mol

Gii:
Theo LBTKL: mX + m O 2 = m CO 2 + m H 2O

m O = 2,7 + 0,2 44 4,3 = 10,3 gam n O = 0,225 (mol)

2

p dng bo ton nguyn t i vi oxi:

nX + n O 2 = n CO 2 +

n H 2O
2

nX = n CO +
2

nH

2O

- n O 2 = 0,05(mol)

p n D

V d 16: t chy hon ton x gam hn hp X gm propan, buten-2, axetilen thu c 47,96 gam CO 2
v 21,42 gam H2O. Gi tr X l:
A. 15,46.

B. 12,46.

C. 11,52.

Gii:

n CO 2 = 1,09 mol ; n H 2O = 1,19 mol

x = mC + mH = 12. n CO + 2.n H o = 15,46 gam p n A

2

12

D. 20,15.

Phng php 2: Bo ton khi lng

V d 17: un nng 5,14 gam hn hp kh X gm metan, hiro v mt ankin vi xc tc Ni, thu c
hn hp kh Y. Cho hn hp Y tc dng vi dung dch brom d thu c 6,048 lt hn hp kh Z (ktc)
c t khi i vi hiro bng 8. tng khi lng dung dch brom l:
A. 0,82 gam.

B. 1,62 gam

C. 4,6 gam

D. 2,98 gam.

Gii:
X Ni,t Y +Br2 Z
o

Nhn thy: mkh tc dng vi dung dch brom = mkhi lng bnh brom tng
mX = mY=mZ + mkhi lng bnh brom tng
mkhi lng bnh brom tng = mX - mZ = 5,14 -

6,048
8 2 = 0,82 gam
22,4

p n A

V d 18: Ho tan hon ton 8,9 gam hn hp 2 kim loi bng dung dch HCl d c 4,48 lt (ktc). C
cn dung dch thu c sau phn ng th lng mui khan thu c l:
A. 23,1 gam

B. 46,2 gam

C. 70,4 gam

D. 32,1 gam

Gii:
Cch 1: Gi cng thc chung ca hai kim loi M, ha tr n
2M + 2nHCl 2MCln + nH2
0,4

0,2 (mol)

Theo LBTKL: mkim loi + mHCl = mmui + m H 2

mmui = 8,9 + 0,4

36,5 0,2 2 =23,1 gam p n A

Cch 2: mCl-mui = nH+ = 2.n H 2 = 0,4 (mol)

mmui = mkim loi + mCl-(mui) = 8,9 + 0,4 35,5 = 23,1 gam p n A
V d 19. Ho tan hon ton 15,9 gam hn hp gm 3 kim loi Al, Mg v Cu bng dung dch HNO 3 thu
c 6,72 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. C cn cn thn dung dch X th lng
mui khan thu c l bao nhiu?
A. 77,1 gam

B. 71,7 gam

C. 17,7 gam

D. 53,1 gam

Gii:
+5
+2
N + 3e N (NO)

0,9 0,3(mol)
V sn phm kh duy nht l NO

nN O

(trong mui)

n e nhng (hoc nhn)

= 0,9 mol

(Xem thm phng php bo ton e)

mmui = mcation kim loi + mNO 3(trong mui) 15,9 + 0,9 62 = 71,7 gam
p n B

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Phng php 2: Bo ton khi lng

BI TP T LUYN
Cu 1 : Trn 5,4 gam Al vi 6,0 gam Fe 2O3 ri nung nng thc hin phn ng nhit nhm. Sau phn
ng ta thu c hn hp rn c khi lng l
A.11,40 gam.

B. 9,40 gam.

C. 22,40 gam.

D. 9,45 gam.

Cu 2 : Trong bnh kn cha 0,5 mol CO v m gam Fe 3O4. un nng bnh cho ti khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton, th kh trong bnh c t khi so vi kh CO ban u l 1,457. Gi tr ca m l.
A. 16,8

B. 21,5

C. 22,8

D. 23,2

Cu 3: in phn 100 ml dung dch CuSO4 vi n cc, sau mt thi gian my khi lng dung dch
gim 12 gam. Dung dch sau in phn tc dng va vi 100ml dung dch H 2S 1M. Nng mi ca
dung dch CuSO4 trc khi in phn l
A. 1M.

B. 1,5 M.

C. 2M.

D. 2,5M.

Cu 4 : Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp A gm FeO v Fe 2O3 t nng sau khi
kt thc th nghim thu c cht rn B gm 4 cht nng 4,784 gam. Kh i ra khi ng s hp th vo
dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, th thu c 4,6 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng FeO trong hn hp A l
A. 13,03%.

B. 31,03%.

C. 68,03%.

D. 68,97%.

Cu 5 : Dn kh CO t t qua ng s ng 14 gam CuO, Fe 2O3, FeO nung nng mt thi gian thu c
m gam cht rn X. Ton b kh thu c sau phn ng c dn chm qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, kt ta
thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c 2,8 lt kh (ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 6 gam.

B. 12 gam.

C. 8 gam.

D. 10 gam.

Cu 6 : Nung hon ton 10,0 gam hn hp X gm CaCO 3 v NaCl. Kt thc th nghim thu c 7,8
gam cht rn khan. Khi lng CaCO3 c trong X l
A. 5,0 gam.

B. 6,0 gam.

C. 7,0 gam.

D. 8,0 gam.

Cu 7 : Nung nng 34,8 gam hn hp X gm MCO 3 v NCO3 c m gam cht rn Y v 4,48 lt CO 2

(ktc). Nung Y cho n khi lng khng i c hn hp rn Z v kh CO 2 dn ton b CO2 thu c
qua dung dch KOH d, tip tc cho thm CaCl2 d th c 10 gam kt ta. Ho tan hon ton Z trong V
lt dung dch HCl 0,4M va c dung dch T. Gi tr m gam v V lt ln lt l :
A. 26 v 1,5.

B. 21,6 v 1,5.

C. 26 v 0,6.

D. 21,6 v 0,6.

Cu 8 : Ho tan 9,14 gam hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu c 7,84 lt
kh X (ktc), 2,54 gam cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Lc b cht rn Y, c cn cn thn dung dch Z thu
c lng mui khan l
A. 31,45 gam.

B. 33,99 gam.

C. 19,025 gam.

12

D. 56,3 gam.

Phng php 2: Bo ton khi lng

Cu 9 : Cho 11,0 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe vo dung dch HNO 3 long d. thu c dung dch Y
(khng cha mui amoni), hn hp kh Y gm 0,2 mol NO v 0,3 mol NO 2. C cn dung dch Y th
lng mui khan thu c l:
A. 33,4 gam.

B. 66,8 gam.

C. 29,6 gam.

D. 60,6 gam.

Cu 10 : Ho tan ht 7,8 gam hn hp Mg, Al trong dung dch HCl d. Sau phn ng thy khi lng
dung dch tng 7,0 gam so vi ban u. S mol axit phn ng l
A. 0,08 mol

B. 0,04 mol

C. 0,4 mol

D. 0,8 mol

Cu 11 : Cho x gam Fe ho tan trong dung dch HCl, sau khi c cn dung dch thu c 2,465 gam cht
rn. Nu cho x gam Fe v y gam Zn vo lng dung dch HCl nh trn thu c 8,965 gam cht rn v
0,336 lt H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca x, y ln lt l:
A. 5,6 v 3,25

B. 0,56 v 6,5

C. 1,4 v 6,5.

D. 7,06 v 0,84

Cu 12 : Ho tan hon ton 11,4 gam hn hp X gm kim loi M (ho tr I) v kim loi N (ho tr II) vo
dung dch cha ng thi H2SO4 v HNO3 c nng thu c 4,48 lt (ktc) hn hp Y gm NO 2 v SO2
c t khi hi so vi hiro l 28,625 v mui khan c khi lng l:
A. 44,7 gam

B. 35,4 gam

C. 16,05 gam

D. 28,05 gam.

Cu 13: Ly 35,1 gam NaCl ho tan vo 244,9 gam H 2O. Sau in phn dung dnh vi in cc tr c
mng ngn cho ti khi catot thot ra 1,5 gam kh th dng li. Nng cht tan c trong dung dch sau
in phn l:
A. 9,2%

B. 9,6%

C. 10%

D. 10,2%.

Cu 14: un a gam 1 ancol X vi H 2SO4 c 170 C c 1 olefin. Cho a gam X qua bnh ng CuO
d, nung nng (H = l00%) thy khi lng cht rn gim 0,4 gam v hn hp hi thu c c t khi hi
i vi H2 l l5,5. Gi tr a gam l:
A. 23

B. 12,5

C. 1,15

D. 16,5.

Cu 15 : Dn V lt (ktc) hn hp X gm axetilen v H 2 i qua ng s ng Ni nung nng thu c khi

Y. Dn Y vo lng d dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 c 12 gam kt ta. Kh ra khi dung dch phn ng va
vi dung dch cha 16 gam Br 2 v cn li kh Z. t chy hon ton Z thu c 0,1 mol CO 2 v 0,25
mol nc.
A. 11,2

B. 13,44

C. 5,6

D. 8,96.

Cu 16 : un nng 7,6 gam hn hp X gm C 2H2, C2H4 v H2 trong bnh kn vi xc tc Ni thu c hn

hp kh B. t chy hon ton hn hp Y, dn sn phm chy thu c ln lt qua bnh 1 ng H 2SO4
c, bnh 2 ng Ca(OH)2 d thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 14,4 gam. Khi lng tng ln bnh 2 l
A. 6,0 gam

B. 9,6 gam

C. 22,0 gam

12

D. 35,2 gam

Phng php 2: Bo ton khi lng

Cu 17: t chy ht m gam hn hp X gm etan, etilen, axetilen v butaien-1,3 ri cho sn phm chy
hp th vo dung nh nc vi d, thu c 100 gam kt ta. Khi lng dung dch nc vi sau phn
ng gim 39,8 gam. Tr s ca m l:
A. 58,75 gam

B. 13,8 gam

C. 37,4 gam

D. 60,2 gam.

Cu 18 : t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm C 2H2, CH4, C3H6 v C4H10 thu c 4,4 gam CO 2 v
2,52 gam H2O. m c gi tri l:
A. 1,48 gam

B. 2,48 gam

C. 14,8 gam

D. 24,8 gam.

Cu 19: Thc hin phn ng ete ho hon ton 11,8 gam hn hp hai ru no n chc, mch h, ng
ng k tip thu c hn hp gm ba ete v l,98 gam nc. Cng thc hai ru l:
A. CH3OH, C2H5OH

B. C4H9OH, C5H11OH.

C. C2H5OH, C3H7OH

D. C3H7OH, C4H9OH.

Cu 20 : Cho 10,1 gam hn hp 2 ancol n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi

5,75 gam Na c 15,6 gam cht rn. Hai ancol cn tm l
A. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.

B. CH3OH v C2H5OH.

C. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.

D. C3H5OH v C4H9OH .

Cu 21: Ho tan 25,2 gam tinh th R(COOH) n.2H2O vo 17,25ml etanol (D = 0,8g/ml) c dung dch
X. Ly 7,8 gam dung dnh X cho tc ng ht vi Na va thu c cht rn Y v 2,464 lt kh H 2
(ktc). Khi lng ca Y l:
A. 12,64 gam

B. 10,11 gam

C. 12,86 gam

D. 10,22 gam.

Cu 22 : t chy hon ton a gam 1 este n chc ca ru metylic cn 1,68 lt kh O 2 (ktc) thu c
2,64 gam CO2; 1,26 gam H2O v 0,224 lt N2 (ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este l:
A. CH3COOCH2NH2

B. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3

C. H2NCH2CH2COOCH3

D. H2NCH2COOCH3

Cu 23 : Cho 14,8 gam hn hp bn axit hu c n chc tc dng vi lng va Na 2CO3 to thnh

2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Khi lng mui thu c l:
A. 15,9 gam

B. 17,0 gam

C. 19,3 gam

D. 19,2 gam.

Cu 24 : t hon ton 34 gam este X cn 50,4 lt O 2 (ktc) thu c n CO 2 : n H 2O = 2 . un nng 1 mol

X cn 2 mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH3COOC6H5

B. C6H5COOCH3

C. C2H5COOC6H5

D. C6H5COOC2H5

Cu 25 : X phng ho hon ton m gam lipit X bng 200 gam dung dch NaOH 8%. Sau phn ng c
9,2 gam glixerol v 94,6 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. (C17H35COO)3C3H5

B. (C15H31COO)3C3H5

C. (C17H33COO)3C3H5

D. (C17H31COO)3C3H5

12

Phng php 2: Bo ton khi lng

Cu 26 : un nng 15 gam cht bo trung tnh vi 150ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Phi dnh 50ml dung
dch H2SO4 1M trung ho NaOH d. Khi lng x phng (cha 70% khi lng mui nm ca axit
bo) thu c t 2 tn cht bo trn l
A. 2062 kg

B. 3238 kg.

C. 2946 kg.

D. 2266 kg.

Cu 27 : x phng ho hon ton 1 kg cht bo (c ln 1 lng nh axit bo t do) c ch s axit bng

8,4 phi dng 450ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Khi lng x phng thu c l
A. 1001,6 kg.

B. 978,7 gam.

C. 987,7 kg

D. 1006,1 gam.

Cu 28 : Cho 15 gam hn hp 3 amin n chc bc mt tc dng va vi dung dch HCl 1,2M th thu
c 18,504 gam mui. Th tch ung dch HCl phi dng l
A. 0,8 lt.

B. 0,08 lt.

C. 0,4 lt.

D. 0,04 lt

Cu 29 : Cho 0,01 mol amino axit X phn ng va vi 100ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu c 1,695
gam mui. Mt khc 19,95 gam X tc dng vi 350ml dung dch NaOH 1M. C cn dung dch thu c
28,55 gam cht rn. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HOOCCH(NH2)CH2NH2

B. NH2(CH2)3COOH.

C. HOOCCH2CH(NH2)COOH.

D. HOOC(CH2)2CH(NH2)COOH.
P N

1A

2D

3D

4A

5B

6A

7A

8A

9B

10D

11C

12D

13B

14C

15A

16C

17B

18A

19C

20B

21A

22D

23D

24A

25D

26C

27D

28B

29C

12