TENSES

Prepared by Hariani

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TENSES
Tenses adalah bentuk betuk perubahan kata kerja dalam tata bahasa Inggris yang menuntukan suatu kejadiaan atau perbuatan yang sesuai dengan waktu atau kejadiannya, contoh: I study English everyday. I am studying English now. I studied English yesterday. I will study English tomorrow. Dari contoh contoh kalimat diatas kata kerja berubah ( study; studying; studied; will study) sesuai dengan keterangan waktunya
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Tenses ada 16 bentuk sebagai berikut

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

BENTUK TENSES
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Simple Present Tense Present Continuous Tense Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Continuous Tense Simple Past Tense Past Continuous Tense Past perfect Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense

6.
7. 8.

15.
16.

Simple Future Tense Future Continuous Tense Future Perfect Tense Future Perfect Continuous Tense Past Future Tense Past Future Continuous Tense Past Future Perfect Tense Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

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1. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE (I do)

USES
Permanent or long-term situation

EXAMPLE
She lives in Bandung Who do you work for? We produce and sell computers. It weighs 2570 kg. How long does it take? What does convenient mean?

Fact

Regular activities and routines

They travel to work by train. I usually read Financial Times. How often do you play golf.
I prefer some tea. I dont like horror films. I dont agree How do you feel about this? When does the Surabaya train leave? The board meeting starts at 3.30 p.m. It doesnt finish till 8.30.

Feeling

Opinion and state s of mind

Time table and schedule

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PENGGUNAAN SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Untuk menyatakan kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi berulang-ulang atau merupakan kebiasaan yang sampai sekarang masih dilakukan. Contoh :
I usually get up at 6 0clock every morning

He goes to school everyday They swim every week

Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang sudah menjadi kebenaran umum (general truth) atau kenyataan.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west A day is twenty hours The water boils a 100 Celcius

Untuk menyatakan perintah atau permintaan (untuk orang ke 2)

Open your book, please Give it to him.

Untuk menyatakan kejadiaan yang telah dijadwalkan akan dilakukan pada waktu yang akan datang:
The train leaves at ten tomorrow. The football team plays next month. Hariani, Tenses

THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE Formulation

Add an s to the 3 rd person singular form I leave at 8 a.m. You leave at 8 a.m. They leave at 8 a.m.

He She It

leaves leaves leaves

at 8 a.m. at 8 a.m. at 8 a.m.

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Use do as a help verb to make question forms Do I you we they heat you she it at 8 a. m

Does

at 8 a. m

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Use do as a help verb to make negative forms I You We They He She It dont leave at 8 a. m

doesnt

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2. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS SIMPLE TENSE

USES
Action happening now

EXAMPLE
We are introducing new system Im waiting for Miss Dewi Who is calling please?

Future plans and arrangements

When he is arriving? She is meeting CEO at 2 p.m. Are you doing anything special tonight?

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THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE Formulation

Use the be and ing I am (not) working today You are He is She is It is We are They are

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 Change the word order to form a question.

Am I Are you Is he Is she Is it Are we Are they working today?

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PENGGUNAAN PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Untuk menyatakan kejadian atau yang sedang berlangsungpada saat ini: I am studying English now. What are you doing? I am reading a book. He is playing tennis at a moment Untuk menyatakan kejadian yang segera akan dilakukan pada waktu yang akan datang. Cara merupakan hal yang paling umum digunakan untuk menyatakan rencana yang segera akan dilakukan: I am going to Jakarta. She is leaving next week. Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang terjadi pada ruang lingkup sekarang,walaupun tidak dilakukan sekarang. I am taking my English Course at Harvard College. I am reading a novel by Chairil Anwar Bentuk present continuous be going bersama-sama dengan to dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan hal-hal yang segera dilakukan atau hal-hal yang sudah merupakan tekad yang kuat (determination). I am going to study abroad next year.
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2. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

We use the Present Perfect tense to talk about past action with present importance. 1. FINISH ACTION
EXAMPLES
Graphic Images had excellent results this years. We havent achieved our target. Have you finished yet ? Ive forgotten his name twice. Have ever missed a flight? Ive never been to Italy.

USES
Past action with result in the present

Life experiences

2. UNFINISHED ACTION
USES
Past actions that are continuing now

EXAMPLES
Hes been working there for 5 years. Theyve had a subsidiary here since 1960 How long have they been in business? Hariani, Tenses

Penggunaan Present Perfect Tense

1.

Untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang baru saja dilakukan, tetapi waktunya tidak disebutkan:
He has explained it to me but I dont understand. Ia telah menerangkan kepada saya tetapi saya tidak mengerti

2.

Untuk menyatakan mengenai perbuatan atau kejadian atau yang dilakukan di waktu lampau akan tetapi masih ada hubungannya dengan waktu sekarang, yaitu bahwa perbuatan itu masih bisa dilakukan atau diulangi pada waktu sekarang.
I have seen elephants in that forest ( saya pernah melihat gajah di hutan itu) He has written a number of stories (Dia telah menulis beberapa cerita)

3.

Digunakan dengan just untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu perbuatan baru saja selesai dilakukan. He has just eaten.
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THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Formulation

Use have as a help verb in all forms. Use it with the third part of the verb. I have broken the machine. You havent We They `` She has She hasnt It Change the word order to form a question. Have I broken the machine? you we they Has he she Hariani, Tenses it

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

FORMULA I/ We/You/they + have + been +verb + ing He/She/It + has + been +verb + ing
Example I have been working for 3 years Penggunaan Menyatakan kejadian yang dimulai pada waktu yang lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai saat sekarang, atau aru saja selesai.
I have been studying her since 2003 . Saya telah belajar disini sejak 2003 ( sekarang masih belajar disini) He has been working for 2 years. Dia telah bekerja disini selama 2 tahun.(berarti sampai sekarang masih bekerja disi

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5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

USES Finish past action FORMULATION With regular verbs, add ed to make The Past Single form. Irregular verbs have special past form. go ---- went Used did as help verb to make negative, questions, and short answers. EXAMPLE I joined the company in 2001 What happened? It didnt sell well in the Middle East. The meeting didnt start on time What quantity did we deliver? How long ago did they start trading? Did you go to the trade fair last month?

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5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

FORMULATION. Verbal Sentences SUBJECT + VERB (2) Example: Affirmative I went to Jakarta yesterday. He studied English last year. They helped him together. Interrogative Did you go to Jakarta yesterday? Did he study English last year? Did they help him? Negative interrogative Didnt you go to Jakarta yesterday? Didnt he study English last year? Didnt they help? FORMULA Nominal Sentences You/WE/They + were + not verb I/She/He/It + was + not verb Example: Affirmative You were busy yesterday morning They were in Jakarta last month. I was busy yesterday morning. Hi was in the hospital last week. Negative You werent busy yesterday. They werent in Jakarta lat month I wasnt busy yesterday. Interrogative Were you busy yesterday? Werent they in the hospital last month? Wasnt I busy yesterday? Hariani, Tenses

6. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

FORMULATION. Verbal Sentences FORMULATION. Nominal Sentences You/WE/They + were+ being + not verb I/She/He/It + was+ being + not verb Example: He was being polite to me. You were being angry with me

You/WE/They + were + verb + ing I/He/She/It + was +verb + ing

Affirmative You were reading a book. They were speaking in the room. I was Watching television. He was playing last week. Negative You werent reading a book They werent speaking in the room. I wasnt watching television. He wasnt playing last week. Interrogative Wee you reading a book? Were they speaking in the room? Was I watching television? Was he playing last week Negative-Interrogative Werent you reading a book? Werent the speaking in the room.

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