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No. 08-769I
N
T
HE
 U
NITED
S
TATES OF
 A 
MERICA 
,P
ETITIONER
,
 
v.R
OBERT
J.
 
S
TEVENS
 O
N
P
ETITION FOR A 
W
RIT OF
C
ERTIORARI
 
TO THE
U
NITED
S
TATES
C
OURT OF
 A 
PPEALS FOR THE
T
HIRD
C
IRCUIT
 
BRIEF IN OPPOSITION
L
ISA 
B.
 
F
REELAND
 F
EDERAL
P
UBLIC
D
EFENDER
,W
ESTERN
D
ISTRICT OF
 P
ENNSYLVANIA 
 C 
OUNSEL OF 
R
ECORD
 
M
ICHAEL
J.
 
N
OVARA 
 F
IRST
 A 
SSISTANT
F
EDERAL
 P
UBLIC
D
EFENDER
 K 
 AREN
S
IRIANNI
G
ERLACH
  A 
SSISTANT
F
EDERAL
P
UBLIC
 D
EFENDER
1450 Liberty CenterPittsburgh, PA 15222(412) 644-6565
 
 
QUESTION PRESENTED
Whether the prosecution of an individualfilmmaker under 18 U.S.C. § 48 violates the First Amendment, facially or as applied, where the statutebroadly criminalizes depictions of “animal cruelty,” asdefined by any one of more than fifty different laws,unless the images have “serious” value.
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES........................................ii
 
STATEMENT..............................................................1
 
 ARGUMENT................................................................8
 
CONCLUSION..........................................................18
 
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