Chuong 0

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.
HCM
MN: LP TRNH MNG

(Cp nht: 3/2006)
BI GING
Hiu chnh: Nguyn Cao t E-mail: dat@hcmut.edu.vn
Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin
Trang 1
Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM
GII THIEU
Mc tiu Cung cp kin thc nn tng v lp trnh mng (Client/Server). Cung cp k nng lp trnh mng trn cc mi trng pht trin phn mm trc quan nh VC++, JBuilder. Nm vng cc giao thc cp ng dng ca cc ng dng ph bin nh DNS, E-mail, FTP, HTTP,... c kh nng lp trnh cc ng dng mng. Ti liu tham kho [1] Computer Networks, A.S. Tanenbaum, Prentice-Hall, Edition 3. [2] Unix network programming. [3] Winsock Programming Thng tin lin lc E-mail : dat@hcmut.edu.vn Telephone : 8647256 5200
Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin Trang 2
GII THIEU
Chng trnh hc chi tit

Chng 0: Khi qut v mng my tnh, TCP/IP Chng 1: Lp trnh mng dng socket Chng 2: Lp trnh MiniChat dng VC++ bng c ch x l s kin Chng 3: Lp trnh MiniChat dng JBuilder bng c ch x l s kin Chng 4: DHMTL v lp trnh Web chy client Chng 5: Lp trnh Web chy server Chuyn : z Lp trnh mng vi cc giao thc khc. z XML-RPC z SOAP WebService
Trang 3
KHI QUT V MNG MY TNH, TCP/IP
CHNG 0
Trang 4
GII THIU
z
Mng my tnh cp n vic kt ni nhng my tnh hot ng c lp li vi nhau thng qua mi trng truyn thng.
Trang 5
V SAO PHI S DNG MNG MY TNH
Chia x thong tin. Chia xe phan cng va phan mem. Ho tr va quan ly tap trung.
CC CU HNH MNG MY TNH
Trang 7
CC CU HNH MNG MY TNH
Trang 8
MNG KHCH CH (Server based)
Trang 9
CC THNH PHN C BN CA MNG MY TNH

z
Thit b phn cng v mi trng truyn

Cc mi trng truyn tn hiu Cc thit b phn cng Kt ni cc mi trng truyn li vi nhau (Hub, Switch). iu khin qu trnh truyn d liu (Switch, Router, Gateway). Chy cc phn mm (my tnh c nhn, my ch). Truyn nhn d liu tin cy gia hai tin trnh, hai my tnh Nn tng nh PPP, Frame Relay, TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, NetBEUI. Cc phn mm mng (Web Browser/ Web Server, E-mail Client/Server,..).
Phn mm mng

MNG CC B V NG DNG MNG

Local-Area Network
Trang 11
MNG DIN RNG V NG DNG MNG

Wide-Area Network
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PROTOCOL, LAYER, OSI MODEL

z z
Giao thc (Protocol)
Qui tc cc thnh phn lin lc nhau. nh dng hay th t ca message trao i. Hnh ng khi nhn message
Cn quan tm

Trang 13

z
Lp (Layer)
Profess ional Workstation 5000
P110
SD
Write a letter Translate letter to another language Put letter into an envelope and address it Put letter in mailbox Sorting at Post Office
Monitoring sorted mail on conveyor Letter goes on truck for delivery
Trang 14

M hnh tham kho OSI
user
Interoperability
7 6 5 4 3 2
Application Presentation Session Transport

Remote connection Logical connection
Interconnectivity
Network Data Link

Local connection
Physical
1

z
C ch trao i thng tin
Trang 16

z
nh dng thng tin
Trang 17
B GIAO THC TCP/IP

z
Khi nim

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol c pht trin bi Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). a vo chun 1983.
Trang 18
SO SNH GIA OSI V TCP/IP

OSI
Application Presentation Session
TCP/IP
Applications layer Telnet FTP SMTP DNS SNMP
Transport
Transport layer (host level)
TCP
UDP
Network
Internet layer (gateway level)
ICMP ARP IP
Data link Physical
Network interface layer
Ethernet
Token Ring
FDDI
WANs
Trang 19
SO SNH GIA OSI V TCP/IP
Trang 20
TNG INTERNET TRONG TCP/IP

z z
Cc giao thc
IP, ARP, RARP, ICMP. Cc my tnh giao tip vi nhau thng qua a ch IP v tn gi nh. Hy suy ngh a ch IP nh thng tin nh ca bn !!!! a ch IP : Mi a ch l mt cp (netid, hostid).
a ch ton cc

Trang 21
A CH IP
z
a ch IP (version 4)

a ch IP c chiu di 4 bytes (32 bits) a ch IP thng biu bin dng thp phn :
z z
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (x l s thp phn 0-9) V d : 172.28.11.100 a ch mng tng trng nh thng tin con ng, phng, qun (mt vng) Dng mt n mng (Netmask) khai bo s bit dng cho a ch mng. V d: 255.255.255.0 (24 bits dnh cho a ch mng, 8 bits cn li dnh cho a ch my). a ch my tng trng cho ch s nh (duy nht trong 1 mng con)
Netmask
z z z z
Trang 22
A CH IP
z
Phn lp a ch
Xc nh bi nhng bit nhn dng (Class ID).
S tng quan gia lp v kch thc mng
Trang 23
A CH IP
z
Cc a ch IP c bit
Cc vng a ch IP dnh ring (Private Network)

10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 192.168.0.0 -> -> -> 10.255.255.255.255 172.31.255.255 192.168.255.255
Trang 24
A CH IP
Trang 25
CC GIAO THC XEM XT
Trang 26
INTERNET PROTOCOL
z
Khi nim

RFC 791 Giao thc lp 3 ph bin. Giao thc nn tng to mng Internet. nh ngha cu trc cc gi d liu l n v c s cho vic truyn d liu trn Internet. nh tuyn chuyn cc gi d liu trong mng. C kh nng pht hin li trong phn header. N lc ti a(Best-effort): khng tin cy v khng c kt ni. Phn mnh v hp nht.
Chc nng

c tnh

Trang 27
INTERNET PROTOCOL
z
nh dng ca IP Datagram
Trang 28
INTERNET PROTOCOL
z
nh dng ca IP Datagram (tip theo)

Version(VER): IPv4 hay IPv6. Flags, Fragmentation offset : dng cho vn phn mnh. Time To Live. Protocol: Value Protocol
1 2 6 8 17 41 89 ICMP IGMP TCP EGP UDP IPv6 OSPF
Trang 29
INTERNET PROTOCOL
z
Phn mnh (Fragment)

MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) Chiu di ti a ca IP Datagram l: 65.535 Bytes. Khi i qua cc mng c MTU nh hn th cn phn mnh. Khi n ch s thc hin hp nht.
Protocol Hyperchannel Token ring (16Mbps) Token ring (4Mbps) FDDI Ethernet X.25 PPP
MTU(Bytes) 65.535 17.914 4.464 4.352 1500 576 296
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INTERNET PROTOCOL
z
V d v phn mnh i vi Ethernet
Trang 31
INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOL

z
Khi nim

Gi cc thng bo li v cc thng bo iu khin. Cc loi sau c dng nh ngha thng ip:

Destination Unreachable Parameter Problem Redirect Echo Timestamp Information Request Address Request Echo reply Timestamp Reply Information Reply Address Reply
Trang 32
Time to Live Exceeded Source Quench
ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL

z
Khi nim
Phn gii hay nh x t a ch IP thnh a ch MAC.
C ch hot ng.

z
V d cng subnet
Host Stevens 172.16.10.10 255.255.255.0 MAC 00-0C-04-17-91-CC Host Cerf 172.16.10.25 255.255.255.0 MAC 00-0C-04-38-44-AA
Source
Destination
172.16.10.0/24 Router A Ethernet 0 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0 MAC 03-0D-17-8A-F1-32
Host Stevens a ch IP l 172.16.10.10 mun gi IP packet n Host Cerf a ch IP l 172.16.10.25.

Trang 34

z
V d cng subnet (tip theo)

Destination MAC Address???
ARP Table IP Address MAC Address 172.16.10.3 00-0C-04-32-14-A1 172.16.10.19 00-0C-14-02-00-19 172.16.10.33 00-0C-A6-19-46-C1 Host Stevens 172.16.10.10 255.255.255.0 MAC 00-0C-04-17-91-CC Source Host Cerf 172.16.10.25 255.255.255.0 MAC 00-0C-04-38-44-AA Destination
172.16.10.0/24 Router A Ethenet 0
Trang 35

z
V d cng subnet (tip theo) - ARP Request t host Stevens a ch IP 172.16.10.10
Hey everyone! I have this IP Address, 172.28.10.25, and I need the device this belongs to, to send me their MAC address.
ARP Request from 172.16.10.10
Ethernet Header
Ethernet Destinatio n Address (MAC) FF-FFFF-FFFF-FF Ethernet Source Address (MAC) 00-0C04-1791-CC Fram e Type 0x806
Ethernet Data 28 byte ARP request/reply

ARP header s, i.e. op field op = 1 Senders Ethernet Address (MAC) 00-0C04-1791-CC Senders IP Address 172.16.10.10 Targets Ethernet Address (MAC) Targets IP Address 172.16.10.25
op field ARP request = 1 ARP reply = 2 RARP request = 3 RARP reply = 4 Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin Trang 36

z
V d cng subnet (tip theo) - ARP Reply t Cerf a ch IP 172.16.10.25 Hey
sender of ARP Request! Here is my MAC address that you wanted for that IP address.
Fram e Type 0x806 ARP header s, i.e. op field op = 2 Senders Ethernet Address (MAC) 00-0C04-3844-AA Senders IP Address 172.16.10.25 Targets Ethernet Address (MAC) 00-0C04-1791-CC Targets IP Address 172.16.10.10 Ethernet Source Address (MAC) 00-0C04-3844-AA
ARP Reply from 172.16.10.25

Ethernet Header
Ethernet Destinatio n Address (MAC) 00-0C04-1791-CC
Here it is!

z
V d cng subnet (tip theo) - Host Stevens nhn c ARP Reply v a a ch IP, v a ch MAC ca Host Cerf vo bng ARP ca n. - Host Stevens by gi c tt c cc thng tin cn thit ng gi IP packet vo Ethernet frame v gi frame ny trc tip n Host Cerf.
IP Datagram from above Ethern et Trailer FCS
Ethernet Frame
Ethernet Header
MAC Destination Address 00-0C04-3844-AA MAC Source Address 00-0C04-1791-CC
Other Heade r Info
IP Header Info
IP Original Source Address 172.17.10.10
IP Final Destination Address 172.16.10.25
Data
Trang 38

z
V d khc subnet
Host Stevens 172.16.10.10 255.255.255.0 MAC 00-0C-04-17-91-CC Source
Host Perlman 172.16.20.12 255.255.255.0 MAC 00-0C-22-A3-14-01 Destination
172.16.10.0/24
Router A Ethernet 0 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0 MAC 03-0D-17-8A-F1-32
172.16.20.0/24
Host Stevens a ch IP l 172.16.10.10 mun gi mt IP packet n Host Perlman a ch IP l 172.16.20.12


z
V d khc subnet (tip theo)

Default Gateway's (the router's) MAC Address???
IP Address 172.16.10.3 172.16.10.19 172.16.10.33
ARP Table MAC Address 00-0C-04-32-14-A1 00-0C-14-02-00-19 00-0C-A6-19-46-C1 Host Perlman 172.16.20.12 255.255.255.0 MAC 00-0C-22-A3-14-01 Destination
Host Stevens 172.16.10.10 255.255.255.0 MAC 00-0C-04-17-91-CC Source
172.16.10.0/24 Router A Ethernet 0 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0 MAC 03-0D-17-8A-F1-32
172.16.20.0/24
Trang 40

z
V d khc subnet (tip theo) - ARP Request t host Stevens a ch IP 172.16.10.10
Hey everyone! I have this IP Address, 172.16.10.1, and I need the device this belongs to, to send me their MAC address.
ARP Request from 172.16.10.10
Ethernet Header
Ethernet Destinatio n Address (MAC) FF-FFFF-FFFF-FF Ethernet Source Address (MAC) 00-0C04-1791-CC Fram e Type 0x806

ARP header s, i.e. op field op = 1 Senders Ethernet Address (MAC) 00-0C04-1791-CC Senders IP Address 172.16.10.10 Targets Ethernet Address (MAC) Targets IP Address 172.16.10.1
op field ARP request = 1 ARP reply = 2 RARP request = 3 RARP reply = 4 Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin Trang 41

z
V d khc subnet (tip theo) - ARP Reply t Router A a ch IP 172.16.10.1 Hey sender of ARP Request! Here is my MAC address that you wanted for that IP address.
ARP Reply from 172.16.10.1

Ethernet Header
Ethernet Destinatio n Address (MAC) 00-0C04-1791-CC Ethernet Source Address (MAC) 03-0D17-8AF1-32 Fram e Type 0x806

ARP header s, i.e. op field op = 2 Senders Ethernet Address (MAC) 03-0D17-8AF1-32 Senders IP Address 172.16.10.1 Targets Ethernet Address (MAC) 00-0C04-1791-CC Targets IP Address 172.16.10.10
Here it is!

z
V d khc subnet (tip theo) - Host Stevens nhn c ARP Reply v a a ch IP, a ch MAC ca Host Cerf vo bng ARP ca n. - Host Stevens by gi c tt c cc thng tin cn thit ng gi IP packet vo Ethernet frame v gi frame ny n Router A.
Ethernet Frame
Ethernet Header
MAC Destination Address 03-0D17-8AF1-32 MAC Source Address 00-0C04-1791-CC
IP Datagram from above Other Heade r Info IP Header Info IP Original Source Address 172.17.10.10 IP Final Destination Address 172.16.10.1 Data
Ethern et Trailer FCS
Trang 43
TNG VAN CHUYEN
Cung cp vic vn chuyn d liu trong sut gia cc h thng u cui (end systems).
TNG VAN CHUYEN TRONG TCP/IP
Trang 45
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

z z
Mt giao thc ph bin tng vn chuyn
c chun ho trn RFC 793 Tin cy. Hng kt ni (Connection oriented). Hot ng hai chiu ng thi. Phn mnh thng ip v rp li ch.
Cc c im chnh

Trang 46
a ch ng dung
z z z
Khng th dng a ch IP. Phi lm vic trn tt c cc h thng my tnh. Khng th s dng cc ch s trn h iu hnh:

Process ID Task number Job name
Trang 47
a ch ng dung
z
Ch s port
Mi ng dng c gn mt ch s nguyn. Server: Lun dng m ch s port bit (well-known port) Client: Ly ch s port cha dng t h thng.
M hnh Client-Server.
Trang 48
a ch ng dung
z
Ch s port v cc dch v
Trang 49
a ch ng dung
z
Ch s cc port chun
Xem tp tin /etc/services trn cc h thng UNIX v \winnt\system32\drivers\etc\services trn Windows NT

Trang 50
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

z
nh dng ca TCP Segment
Trang 51
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

z z
c chun ho trn RFC 768 Cc c im chnh:

Giao thc khng kt ni (Connectionless protocol) Phn phi thng ip khng tin cy nhng best effort C kh nng pht hin li (trng checksum) Khng iu khin dng (khng window) Khng iu khin li (khng ACK) Cung cp a ch ng dng (ch s port)
Trang 52
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

z
nh dng thng ip UDP
Trang 53
ng dung mang
z z
Cc ng dng dng Client Server. Cc ng dng FTP, WWW, E-mail.
Trang 54
He thong ten mien (DNS)

z
Khi nim
nh x tn gi nh thnh a ch IP v ngc li.
Trang 55
He thong ten mien (DNS)

z
DNS Name Space:
Trang 56
He thong th tn ien t (E-mail)

z
Khi nim
H thng Email hin nay l h thng email cu ARPANET c xy dng nm 1982 da trn RFC 821 (Transmission protocol) v RFC 822 (message format). User agent Message transfer agent
SMTP SMTP
Cu trc v dch v

User
Agent
Message Transfer
Agent
SMTP
Message Transfer
Agent
SMTP
User
Agent
Trang 57

z
Chuyn message
Trn Internet, email c chuyn bng cch my ngun thit lp mt cu ni TCP qua port 25 ca my ch. Chng trnh c chy trn port ny l SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) N s lng nghe ti port 25 v cho php thit lp cc cu ni t c cc message v chuyn n cc a ch tng ng. Trn Internet, email c nhn bng cch my ngun thit lp mt cu ni TCP qua port 110 ca my mail server. Chng trnh c chy trn port ny l POP3 (Post Office Protocol Ver 3) N s lng nghe ti port 110 v cho php thit lp cc cu ni t c cc message v chuyn n cc mail client. POP2 & IMAP
Nhn message t mail server n mail client
Trang 58

z
SMTP
Trang 59

z
Phn phi th
Trang 60

z
Nhn th bng POP3
Trang 61

z
POP3 & IMAP
Trang 62
World Wide Web

z
M hnh
Trang 63
World Wide Web

z
M hnh
WWW l mt h thng c cu trc truy cp cc vn bn c t khp ni trn hng ngn ci my tnh trn ton th gii. Web Server : lng nghe ti port TCP 80 Giao thc s dng : HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
Server :

Trang 64
World Wide Web

z
Server Side & Client Side
Trang 65
World Wide Web

z
Server Side & Client Side
Trang 66
World Wide Web

z
Cc phng thc ca HTTP
Trang 67
World Wide Web

z
V d
Trang 68
TONG KET
z
Khi qut v mng my tnh

Khi nim Cu hnh Cc thnh phn c bn Protocol Layer OSI Model IP TCP, UDP DNS, SMTP, POP3, HTTP
M hnh OSI

B giao thc TCP/IP

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Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.

MN: LP TRNH MNG

Hiu chnh: Nguyn Cao t E-mail: dat@hcmut.edu.vn

Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

KHI QUT V MNG MY TNH, TCP/IP

Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

V SAO PHI S DNG MNG MY TNH

Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin Trang 6

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

CC CU HNH MNG MY TNH

Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

CC CU HNH MNG MY TNH

Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

MNG KHCH CH (Server based)

Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

CC THNH PHN C BN CA MNG MY TNH

Thit b phn cng v mi trng truyn

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

MNG CC B V NG DNG MNG

Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

MNG DIN RNG V NG DNG MNG

Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

PROTOCOL, LAYER, OSI MODEL

Giao thc (Protocol)

Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

PROTOCOL, LAYER, OSI MODEL

Monitoring sorted mail on conveyor Letter goes on truck for delivery

Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

PROTOCOL, LAYER, OSI MODEL

Application Presentation Session Transport

Network Data Link

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

PROTOCOL, LAYER, OSI MODEL

C ch trao i thng tin

Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

PROTOCOL, LAYER, OSI MODEL

nh dng thng tin

Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

B GIAO THC TCP/IP

Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM

SO SNH GIA OSI V TCP/IP

Transport layer (host level)

Internet layer (gateway level)

Data link Physical

Network interface layer

Ban quyen 2005- Khoa Cong Nghe Thong Tin

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa Tp.HCM