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Asperger's syndrome
Definition 
Asperger's syndrome is a developmental disorder that affects a child's ability to socialize andcommunicate effectively with others. Children with Asperger's syndrome typically exhibitsocial awkwardness and an all-absorbing interest in specific topics.Doctors group Asperger's syndrome with other conditions that are called autistic spectrumdisorders or pervasive developmental disorders. These disorders all involve problems withsocial skills and communication. Asperger's syndrome is generally thought to be at the milderend of this spectrum.While there's no cure for Asperger's syndrome, if your child has the condition treatment canhelp him or her learn how to interact more successfully in social situations.
Symptoms 
Signs and symptoms of Asperger's syndrome include:
 
Engaging in one-sided, long-winded conversations, without noticing if the listener islistening or trying to change the subject
 
Displaying unusual nonverbal communication, such as lack of eye contact, few facialexpressions, or awkward body postures and gestures
 
Showing an intense obsession with one or two specific, narrow subjects, such asbaseball statistics, train schedules, weather or snakes
 
Appearing not to understand, empathize with or be sensitive to others' feelings
 
Having a hard time "reading" other people or understanding humor
 
Speaking in a voice that is monotonous, rigid or unusually fast
 
Moving clumsily, with poor coordination
 
Having an odd posture or a rigid gait
When to see a doctor
 All kids have their quirks, and many toddlers show a sign or symptom of Asperger'ssyndrome at some point. It's natural for small children to be egocentric, and many little onesshow a strong interest in a particular topic, such as dinosaurs or a favorite fictional character.These aren't reasons to be alarmed.However, if your elementary schoolchild has frequent problems in school or seems unable tomake friends, it's time to consult your pediatrician. These difficulties have many possiblecauses, but developmental disorders such as Asperger's syndrome need to be considered.Children whose eccentricities interfere with learning and social development should have acomprehensive evaluation.
 
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Causes 
Doctors and researchers don't understand what causes Asperger's syndrome, although thereseems to be a strong genetic component. The disorder also seems to be linked to structuralabnormalities in several regions of the brain.
Preparing for your appointment 
You'll probably first see your child's pediatrician or family doctor, who will likely refer yourchild to a mental health expert, such as a child psychologist or psychiatrist.Being well prepared can help you make the most of your appointment. Here's someinformation to help you get ready for your appointment, and what to expect from your doctor.
What you can do
 
 
Write down any symptoms you've noticed in your child,
including any that mayseem unrelated to the reason for which you scheduled the appointment.
 
Write down key personal information
,including any major stresses or recent lifechanges.
 
Make a list of any medications,
as well as any vitamins or supplements, that yourchild is taking.
 
Ask a family member or friend to join you and your child for the appointment,
ifpossible. Sometimes it can be difficult to soak up all the information provided during anappointment. Someone who accompanies you may remember something that youmissed or forgot.
 
Write down questions to ask
your doctor.Preparing a list of questions ahead of time will help save time for the things you want todiscuss most. List your questions from most important to least important in case time runsout. For Asperger's, some basic questions to ask your doctor include:
 
What is likely causing my child's behavior?
 
Are there other possible causes?
 
What kinds of tests does my child need?
 
Will he or she outgrow this condition?
 
What treatments can help?
 
Are there any specialized programs available to help educate my child regarding socialskills?
 
What should I tell his or her school?
 
What are the alternatives to the primary approach that you're suggesting?
 
Would changes in diet help?
 
Should I see a specialist?
 
Are there any brochures or other printed material that I can take home with me? WhatWeb sites do you recommend visiting?
 
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In addition to the questions that you've prepared to ask your doctor, don't hesitate to askquestions during your appointment anytime you don't understand something.
What to expect from your doctor 
Your doctor is likely to ask you a number of questions, including:
 
What specific behaviors prompted your visit today?
 
When did you first notice these symptoms in your child?
 
Have these behaviors been continuous, or occasional?
 
Does anything seem to improve your child's symptoms?
 
What, if anything, appears to worsen your child's symptoms?
 
When did your child first crawl? Walk? Say his or her first word?
 
Does your child have close friends?
 
What are some of your child's favorite activities? Is there one that he or she favors?
 
Have you noticed a change in his or her level of frustration in social settings?
Tests and diagnosis 
Because Asperger's syndrome varies widely in severity and signs, making a diagnosis can bedifficult. If your child shows some signs of Asperger's syndrome, your doctor may suggest acomprehensive assessment by a team of professionals.This evaluation will likely include observing your child and talking to you about your child'sdevelopment. You may be asked about your child's social interaction, communication skillsand friendships. Your child may also undergo a number of tests to determine his or her levelof intellect and academic abilities. Tests may assess your child's abilities in the areas ofspeech, language and visual-motor problem solving. Tests can also identify other emotional,behavioral and psychological issues.Unfortunately, some kids with Asperger's syndrome are first misdiagnosed with anotherproblem, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or obsessive-compulsivedisorder, possibly because the symptoms of some conditions are similar to those ofAsperger's. Additionally, other conditions may coexist with Asperger's, and this may delay thediagnosis.
Treatments and drugs 
The core signs of Asperger's syndrome can't be cured. But most children benefit from earlyspecialized interventions that focus on behavior management and social skills training. Yourdoctor can help identify resources in your area that may work for your child. Options mayinclude:
 
Communication and social skills training.
Children with Asperger's syndrome maybe able to learn the unwritten rules of socialization and communication when taught inan explicit and rote fashion, much like the way students learn foreign languages.Children with Asperger's syndrome may also learn how to speak in a more naturalrhythm, as well as how to interpret communication techniques, such as gestures, eyecontact, tone of voice, humor and sarcasm.
 
Cognitive behavior therapy.
This general term encompasses many techniquesaimed at curbing problem behaviors, such as interrupting, obsessions, meltdowns or
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