H THNG VIN THNG

1. Khi nim chung: 1.1. Khi nim mng vin thng: Mng vin thng bao gm mng vin thng cng cng, mng vin thng dng ring, mng vin thng chuyn dng l tp hp cc thit b vin thng c lin kt vi nhau bng cc ng truyn dn. Hot ng ca mng vin thng khng c gy hi n mi trng v cc hot ng kinh t - x hi. Cc hot ng kinh t - x hi khng c gy nhiu c hi, lm hng ng cp vin thng, anten, h thng thit b vin thng v gy hi n cc hot ng khc ca mng vin thng. 1.2. Mng vin thng cng cng: Mng vin thng cng cng l mng vin thng do doanh nghip vin thng thit lp cung cp cc dch v vin thng. Mng vin thng cng cng c xy dng v pht trin theo chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch c c quan nh nc c thm quyn ph duyt. Cc cng trnh vin thng cng cng l mt b phn quan trng ca kt cu h tng phi c trong quy hoch, thit k tng th xy dng cc khu th, khu dn c, khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, khu kinh t mi v cc cng trnh cng cng khc bo m tnh thng nht, ng b trong u t xy dng v thun tin cho vic cung cp, s dng dch v. Cc cng trnh vin thng cng cng c u tin s dng khng gian, mt t, lng t, y sng, y bin; cc ng truyn dn c kt hp i dc ng giao thng, cu, cng, h ph, ng ph, ng dy in thun tin cho vic xy dng, sa cha, bo dng v bo v cng trnh. Cc im phc v cng cng oc u tin t ti cc nh ga, bn xe, cng bin, cng hng khng, ca khu v cc a im cng cng khc phc v nhu cu ca ngi s dng. 1.3. Mng vin thng dng ring: Mng vin thng dng ring l mng vin thng do c quan, t chc, doanh nghip hot ng ti Vit Nam thit lp bo m thng tin cho cc thnh vin ca mng, bao gm cc thit b vin thng c lp t ti cc a im xc nh khc nhau v c kt ni vi nhau bng cc ng truyn dn do c quan, t chc, doanh nghip thu hoc t xy dng. 1.4. Mng vin thng chuyn dng:

Mng vin thng chuyn dng l mng vin thng dng phc v thng tin c bit ca cc c quan ng, Nh nc, phc v thng tin quc phng, an ninh. Chnh ph quy nh c th v vic thit lp v hot ng ca cc mng vin thng chuyn dng. 1.5. Thit b u cui v mng ni b: Thit b u cui thu bao l thit b u cui c nh hoc di ng ca ngi s dng c u ni, ho mng vo mng vin thng cng cng thng qua im kt cui ca mng vin thng cng cng. Thit b u cui cng cng l thit b u cui c nh hoc di ng ca doanh nghip vin thng c u ni, ho mng vo mng vin thng cng cng thng qua im kt cum ca mng vin thng cng cng. Mng ni b l h thng thit b vin thng do mt t chc, c nhn thit lp ti mt a im c a ch v phm vi xc nh m t chc, c nhn c ton quyn s dng hp php phc v thng tin ni b. Ngi s dng dch v vin thng t thit k, lp t hoc thu cc t chc, c nhn khc thit k, lp t thit b u cui thu bao v mng ni b ca mnh cho n im kt cui ca mng vin thng cng cng. Thit b u cui thu bao v mng ni b khi u ni vo mng vin thng cng cng phi tun theo cc quy nh v hp chun thit b v v s dng tn s v tuyn in. Vic u ni, ho mng thit b u cui thu bao v mng ni b vo mng vin thng cng cng do doanh nghip vin thng thc hin thng qua hp ng giao kt vi ngi s dng dch v. C quan qun l nh nc v bu chnh, vin thng quy nh c th v thit b u cui, mng ni b, im kt cui ca mng vin thng cng cng. 2. Gii thiu Cng ty Vin thng in lc EVN Telecom: 2.1. Gii thiu mng vin thng EVN Telecom: Cng ty Thng tin Vin thng in lc l thnh vin hch ton c lp trc thuc Tng Cng ty in lc Vit Nam, c thnh lp theo quyt nh s 380/NL/TCCBL ngy 8/7/1995 ca B Nng Lng. - Tr s t ti: 30A Phm Hng Thi - Ba nh - H Ni - Vit Nam. Tn giao dch Quc t: EVN Telecom. Trung tm Vin thng in lc min Trung l thnh vin ca Cng ty Thng tin Vin thng in lc Vit Nam, thnh lp theo quyt nh s 189/Q EVN-HQT ngy 03/06/2004.

Tr s t ti: 310 Phan Chu Trinh - Qun Hi Chu - TP Nng.

2.2.

Cc dch v cung cp cho khch hng: - Dch v in thoi c nh c dy (E-Tel). - Dch v in thoi c nh khng dy (E-Com). - Dch v in thoi VoIP 179. - Dch v in thoi di ng ni tnh (E-Phone). - Dch v in thoi di ng (E-Mobile). - Dch v cho thu knh ring trong nc v quc t (E-line). - Dch v Internet (E-Net). Dch v truy cp Internet ISP. Dch v kt ni Internet IXP. Dch v OSP trn Internet. Cc h thng / mng vin thng ca EVN Telecom: - Mng tng i chuyn mch c nh. - Mng truyn ti IP. - Mng CDMA. - Mng Internet. - Mng NGN. - Mng truyn dn.

2.2.1. Mng tng i in thoi c nh: Mng tng i ca EVN Telecom:

Mng tng i ca EVn Telecom H thng tng i ca EVN bao gm 04 tng i, trong 02 tng i HiE9200 (ti H Ni v Tp.HCM) v 02 tng i EWSD (ti Nng v Cn Th). EWSD l tng i chuyn mch TDM thng thng, HiE9200 l EWSD cng thm softswitch. Mng tng i khng c lp host cp thu bao v vy cung cp dch v E-Tel phi trang b thm DLU.

S cung cp dch v E-Tel 2.2.2. Mng VoIP/NGN: 2.2.2.1. Cng ngh TDM v TCP/IP: - Trong cng ngh TDM, knh truyn c thit lp trc khi s liu uc truyn i v bng thng lun c m bo (ngay c trong thi gian khng dng). - Trong cng ngh giao thc TCP/IP, s liu v thoi c ng thnh cc gi tin c a ch ni gi v ni nhn (a ch IP), cc gi tin c truyn trong mng IP theo cc ng c lp vi nhau. Khi n ch s c khi phc li nh ban u.

Cng ngh TDM

Cng ngh giao thc TCP/IP - Trong cng ngh TDM, cht lng ng truyn lun m bo nhng kh h tr cho a dch v, s dng ti nguyn khng ti u. - Trong cng ngh giao thc TCP/IP, cht lng ng truyn chu nhiu tc ng (tr gi, mt gi, ) nhng h tr tt nhiu dch v, s dng ti nguyn hp l. - Khi cht lng truyn dn tt, cc nhc im ca cng ngh giao thc TCP/IP c khc phc nn y l cng ngh s c dng rt nhiu. 2.2.2.2. Mng Router ca EVN Telecom: - Mng li c 04 Core Router M20 (tc x l > 20Gbps): t ti H Ni, Tp.HCM, Nng, ng vai tr trc chnh v kt ni quc t. - 04 thit b Edge Router M10 (tc x l > 10Gbps): tp trung lu lng t cc tnh trc khi a ln ng trc. - Khong 50 Access Router M5 (tc x l > 5Gbps) cc PoP c nhim v chuyn lu lng t mi tnh v trung tm.

2.2.3. Mng truyn ti IP: Mng truyn ti IP c thit lp bi cc router (b nh tuyn). Router c nhiu hng kt ni. Khi mt gi tin n t mt hng no , cn c vo bng nh tuyn, a ch ni gi v nhn, router s gi gi tin theo hng kt ni ti u. Cc router thng xuyn trao i thng tin vi nhau thit lp bng nh tuyn. 2.2.3.1. Cng ngh VoIP:

S mng VoIP ca EVN Cc Media Gateway chuyn tn hiu thoi sang thnh cc gi tin TCP/IP. Cc gi tin TCP c chuyn ti trong mng IP nh cc router. Khi n ni, cc gi tin TCP/IP c bin i ngc li thnh tn hiu thoi. Soft-switch iu khin Media Gateway trong sut qu trnh thng qua knh iu khin. 2.2.3.2. Kt ni mng EVN vi cc mng khc:

2.2.3.3.

Cung cp dch v E-Tel qua IP:

2.2.4. -

Mng Internet: Kt ni Internet qua ng thu knh ring leased line vi nhiu cp tc . Truy nhp Internet bng thng rng qua mng truyn hnh cp. Truy nhp Internet bng thng rng qua mng cp ng ADSL. Truy nhp Internet qua mng in thoi khng dy 2000 1x. 2.2.4.1. Truy nhp Internet qua ADSL v truyn hnh cp:

2.2.4.2.

Kt ni Internet trong nc v quc t:

2.2.4.3.

Dung lng kt ni Internet: Nh khai thc VNPT Viettel EVN Telecom SPT FPT Tng cng Dung lng kt ni (Mbps) 2168 400 200 72 930 3770

2.2.5. H thng CDMA: 2.2.5.1. Cc cng ngh a truy cp:

- FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access): Mi MS s dng mt tn s ring. - TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access): Mi MS chim mt khe thi gian ring trong mt khong tn s ring. - CDMA (Code division multiple Access): Cc MS s dng chung mt bng tn ti mt thi im, chng ch phn bit nhau bng m ring.

2.2.5.2.

Mng thng tin di ng CDMA:

- MSC (Mobile Switching Center): chuyn mch tn hiu thoi v kt ni vi cc mng khc. - BTS (Base Station Transceiver): iu khin cc hot ng phn radio v l giao din gia mng v thit b u cui. - BSC (Base Station Controller): phn chia lu lng thoi v d liu gia BTS v MSC, qun l vic di chuyn ca thu bao. - PCF (Packet Control Function): nh tuyn cc gi d liu IP t thu bao vo mng IP. - PDSN (Packet data service node): ng vai tr cng giao tip gia mng v tuyn vi mng IP. - VLR: y l c s d liu ng, lu tr cc thng tin tm thi ca tt c cc thu bao (tt c cc d liu cn thit thit lp cuc gi) ang roaming trong khu vc ca MSC . C s d liu ny c dng thit lp cuc gi n v i, h tr cc dch v b sung, cc dch v c bn v qun l MS. - HLR: N l c s d liu qun l thu bao di ng, lu tt c cc t hng tin lin quan n thu bao (lu thng tin v trng thi thu bao v thng tin v cc dch v vin thng), v tr thu bao, MDN, IMSI (MIN), 2.2.5.3. Cc tng i mng CDMA: - Tng i Lucent ti H ng. - Tng i Huawei ti Nng. - Tng i ZTE ti Tp.HCM. - Tng i Huawei ti H ng.

Tng i Huawei ti Nha Trang. Tng i ZTE ti Cn Th.

2.2.5.4.

Dung lng hin ti ca cc tng i: Tng i Thu bao 280.000 80.000 170.000 83.000 100.000 280.000 Khong 1.000.000

Lucent ti H ng Huawei ti Nng ZTE ti Tp.HCM Huawei ti H ng Huawei ti Nha Trang ZTE ti Cn Th Tng cng

2.2.6. Mng truyn dn: - Khong 50 node thit b STM-16. - Khong 30 node thit b STM-4. - Khong 600 node thit b STM-1. - Mng truyn dn ca EVN c mt ti 100% s tnh, khong 90 s huyn trn c nc. - Sau khi d n CDMA giai on 4 hon thnh s c mt ti 100% s huyn. - 20000 km cp quang. - ng trc: thit b STM-16 HiT7070 ca Siemens. - ng lin tnh: STM-16 v STM-4. - Cp quang ni tnh: STM-4 v STM-1. - Hai cng kt ni quc t Lng Sn v Mng Ci. - Trao i lu lng vi Viettel 04 lung STM-1 BcNam. - Hn 30 node thng tin STM- Hot ng trn hai mch, tng cng 5Gbps. - C 02 trung tm qun l mng ti H ni v Tp.HCM bo v cho nhau. - H thng c ng b t ng h nguyn t ti H Ni, ng h rubidium d phng ti Tp.HCM.

S truyn dn ng trc ca EVN Telecom