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Civil personality (Arts. 37 to 47 NCC) 1. Concept and classes of persons. Distinguish juridical capacity from capacity to act. Natural Persons. Geluz v CA; G.R. No. L-16439, July 20, 1961. Joaquin v Navarro; G.R. No. L-5426, May 29, 1953. See also: Continental Steel Mfg. Corp. v Montao; G.R. No. 182836, October 13, 2009. Juridical Persons. See B.P. 68; Secs. 2, 4, 19-21 (Corporation Code); R.A. 7160 (Local Government Code) Chapter II- General Powers and Attributes. League of Cities of the Philippines v. COMELEC; G.R. No. 176951, December 21, 2009. Liban v. Gordon; G.R. No. 175352, July 15, 2009. Seventh Day Adventist v. Northeastern Mindanao Mission; G.R. No. 150416, July 21, 2006. 2. Capacity to act and restrictions thereon. Presumption of Capacity. Standard Oil Co. v Arenas; G.R. No. L-5921, July 25, 1911 Restrictions. a) Minority R.A. 6809 (Lowering age of majority to 18) Effect on contracts (see Arts. 1327, 1390 (1), 1403 (3), 1397, 1399, 142627, 1489 NCC) Mercado v Espiritu; G.R. No. L-11872, December 1, 1917. Bambalan v Maramba; G.R. No. L-27710, January 30, 1928. Braganza v Villa Abrille; G.R. No. L-12471, April 13, 1959. Effect on marriage (see Arts. 5 & 35 FC) Effect on crimes (see Arts. 12, 13 (2), 68 RPC; also R.A. 9344 [Juvenile Justice & Welfare Act]). Rule 3 Sec. 5, Revised Rules of Court. b) Insanity Effects on contracts Arts. 1327, 1328, 1399 NCC Effect on marriage. Art. 45 & 47 FC Effect on crimes, Art. 12 RPC Carillo v Jaojoco; G.R. No. L-21015, March 24, 1924. U.S. v Vaquilar; G.R. Nos. L-9471 & L-9472, March 13, 1914. Dumaguin v Reynolds; G.R. No. L-3572, September 30, 1952. c) State of being deaf mute Arts. 1327, 807, 820 NCC People v Sasota; G.R. No. L-29564, October 25, 1928. Director of Lands v Abelardo; G.R. No. L-31354, February 5, 1930. d) Prodigality Rule 92 (2) Rules of Court (definition of incompetent) Martinez v Martinez; G.R. No. 445, March 31, 1902. e) Civil interdiction. Art. 34 RPC Art. 123 NCC f) Family relations. Art. 87 FC Arts. 1109 & 1490 NCC g) Alienage. Arts 48 & 49 NCC. See Art. IV Constitution See also Art. XII, Sec. 2; Art XIV, Sec. 4 (2); Art. XVI, Sec 11 Constitution. h) Domicile. Arts. 50 & 51 NCC Art. 69 FC Art. 821, 829, 1251 NCC i) Absence. Arts. 381 to 396 NCC Arts. 41, 124 FC j) Married women. Art. 2259 NCC Rule 3 Sec. 4 Rules of Court k) Insolvency Act. No. 1956 (Insolvency Law) l) Guardianship Rule 92 to 97, Rules of Court m) Trusteeship Rule 98 Rules of Court (to be continued)