Dr.

Mahmoud Boutefnouchet

FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS








y f (x, y)
'
=

dy
y f (x, y)
dx
'
= =

or
M(x, y)dx N(x, y)dy 0 + =

Equations Procedures


1. Separable:
f (x, y) g(x).h(y) =


Direct integration
1
g(x) dx dy
h(y)
=
} }


2. Homogenous:

n
n
M(tx, ty) t M(x, y)
N(tx, ty) t N(x, y)
=
=
, n R e

Substitution
y ux dy u dx x du = = +

or

x vy dx vdy ydv = = +

3. Exact: y x
M N =


F(x, y) -
such that

x y
F M and F N = =

4. Linear:
dy
p(x) y f (x)
dx
+ =
Integrating factor
p(x)dx
(x) e
}
=



5. Non-Exact: y x
M N =

Integrating Factor :
My Nx
dx
N
Nx My
dy
M
(x) e
(y) e

}
=
}
=

6. Bernoulli:
n
dy
p(x) y f (x) y
dx
+ =
Substitution
1 n n
dv dy
V y (1 n)y
dx dx

= =