Pentagon Professional Adjustment, Legal Management, Ethics & Research in Nursing
NURSING RESEARCH
Nursing Research
•
Kerlinger - the systematic, empirical, controlled and critical investigation of ahypothetical proposition in relation to a natural phenomena/ problem
•
Conducted to affirm or deny a hypothesis
Phenomenon
.
•
everyday phenomenon that affects the nurse (eg. bacteria, drugs, physician)Phenomenon + hypothesis = research problem∟>(educated guess/scientific/ tentative answer)Without hypothesis there is no research problem, only a problem
Major Characteristics of a Good or Major Research
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Systematic
o
conduct research in a step by step process or procedure
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Empirical
o
objective data should be observable/measurable or readily collectedusing your senses
•
Controlled/ manipulated
o
Methods/tool of controlling is research design
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Critical investigation/fact finding investigation
o
In order to answer the data is by using facts.
o
Looking for human beings who can give us facts
Purpose of Research in Nursing Profession [DEED]
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Descriptive
o
observe, describe and record
o
gain richer familiarity regarding the phenomena
o
100% known to RN
•
Exploratory
o
Explore to those areas that are unknown
o
Observe more
o
50%-50% (50%known to nurses and 50% unknown to the nurses
•
Experimental
o
Active intervention, active manipulation
o
Want to find out cause & effect
o
Done something before observing results
•
Developmental
o
To improve the system of care for the your patient.
o
Develop and improve existing system
Conducting research is for the benefit the pt or patient care/pt focus
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Florence Nightingale
•
Birthplace – Italy
•
Training Ground – Germany
•
Greatest Contribution – environmental Theory, training RNs in CrimeanWar
Ethics of a Researcher
•
S
–
Scientific Objective
– conductive research for a good purpose or object for your pt
•
C
–
Cooperation and Consent
. Do not conduct data/experiment w/o a consent(legally the patient owns the chart. However the hospital owns the chart)
•
I
–
Integrity
– worked hard on the research
•
E
–
Equitable
– acknowledging works or contribution of others
•
N
–
Nobility
– protect the rights of your subjects
o
Right not to be harmed
(physical, mental, moral harm) usually done during experimentalresearch
Physical Harm/ Negligence
- undeliberate physical harm
•
Commission
– done outside the standard practice of nursing (eg. urinary catheter placed on the nose of the pt)
•
Omission
– from the very start, you did not do somethingabout it.
Moral Harm
•
Assault
– mental fear/threat without physical harm
•
Battery
– physically you harm the pt
Restraint is never an independent nursing order
•
physical restraint – eg. Jacket
•
chemical restraint – eg. use of psychotropic drug
Moral harm
•
Slander
– oral defamation
•
Libel
– published or placed in the newspaper
o
Right to self-determination
o
Right to privacy
Anonymity
– identity of subject may not be disclosed. Privacy of the Informant (pt) eg. conduct a study on HIV pt. but the pt wantshis name to be written in the newspaper as Mr. X, Mr. Y or Mr. W
Confidentiality
– information acquired must be disclosed. Privacyof the information eg. conduct a study on HIV pt. but the pt wantsthe nurse should only know
•
T
–
Truthfulness
– put only the data you have collected
•
I
–
Importance
– importance to the nursing profession
•
F
–
Factual
– facts or data
•
I
–
Ideal
(follow the 11 steps of research)
•
C
–
CourageSteps in Nursing Research Process
•
Identification/formulation of research
o
problem
- anything that requires solution thru scientific investigation.
o
Sources of problem :
C
– concepts (Ca, PTB, MI)
L
– literature, essays, books, journals
I
– Issues
E
– experience
2
N
– Nursing problems
T
– theories
o
Characteristics of a research problem
G
– general applicability and use
Re
– Researchable
F
– Feasible and measurable
F –
actors of a feasible research :
•
time, money, experience of the researcher, instruments,population
I
– importance to nursing profession
N
– novelty/originality
•
P
lagiarism/illegal replication – unauthorized use of another’s literary work without any consent or permission
S
– significance to nursing
o
2 types of research according to use
basic/pure research
•
only the research benefits the research
•
It is only for your personal necessity
•
Answers your own question
Applied research
•
problem solving
•
Solving the problems of the patient.
o
Variable
– subject to change
Kinds of variable
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Independent variable
o
use this to stimulate a target population
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Dependent variable/Effectual variable
o
results of the effects of the study
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Intervening Variable
o
Comes between dependent and independent
o
Example: orghanism variable, internal factor, sex,gender, color
•
Extraneous Variable
o
External infuences that can be changed
o
Example: citizenship, educational status
•
Dichotomous Variable
o
2 choices/ 2 results
o
Example: Male/ Female
•
Polychotomous Variable
o
Multiple choices
o
Example: Preferred foods – Chinese, Japanese,American. . . . .Examples“A comparative Study in the Income of Filipino NursesEmployed in P.G.H. and N.Y.G.H.”Independent variable : PGH and NYGH (place of work)Target population : Filipino nurses
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Palmer Complete Edited Royal Pentagon
this all of my documents i use in my NLE and NCLEX just want to share to our coleagues and students.. i feel blessed so share my blessings to all of u guys..just leave a comment and i apprc8 all : ) thank u.. : D
u can download it and save it in ur p.c.. : )
u can download it and save it in ur p.c.. : )
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