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© 2000 by Harcourt College Publishers. All rights reserved.
Chapter 16 Solutions
16.1
Replace
x
by
x
–
vt
=
x
– 4.5
t
to get
y
=6[(
x
– 4.5
t
)
2
+ 3] 
16.2
 y
(cm)420261014
t
= 1 s
x
 y
(cm)420261014
t
= 1.5 s
x
 y
(cm)420261014
t
= 2 s
x
6
 y
(cm)420261014
t
= 2.5 s
x
 y
(cm)420261014
t
= 3 s
x
16.3
5.00
e
–
(
x
+ 5
t
)
2
is of the form
 f 
(
x
+
vt
)so it describes a wave moving to the left at
v
= 5.00 m/s
16.4
 y
(m)0.80.010
x
(m)
 y
(m)0.80.012.4
x
(m)2.4
 
2
Chapter 16 Solutions
© 2000 by Harcourt College Publishers. All rights reserved.
16.5
(a)The longitudinal wave travels a shorter distance and is moving faster, so it willarrive at point
B
first.(b)The wave that travels through the Earth must travel a distance of2
R
sin 30.0
°
= 2(6.37
×
10
6
m) sin 30.0
°
= 6.37
×
10
6
m at a speed of 7800 m/s.Therefore, it takes6.37
×
10
6
m7800 m/s= 817 sThe wave that travels along the Earth's surface must travel a distance of
S
=
R
θ 
=
R
 
    
π 
3rad = 6.67
×
10
6
m at a speed of 4500 m/sTherefore, it takes6.67
×
10
6
4500= 1482 sThe time difference is 665 s = 11.1 min.
*16.6
The distance the waves have traveled is
d
= (7.80 km/s)
t
= (4.50 km/s)(
t
+ 17.3 s)where
t
is the travel time for the faster wave.Then, (7.80
–
4.50)(km/s)
t
= (4.50 km/s)(17.3 s)or
t
=(4.50 km/s)(17.3 s)(7.80
–
4.50)(km/s)= 23.6 s, andthe distance is
d
= (7.80 km/s)(23.6 s) = 184 km
16.7
(a)
φ 
1
= (20.0 rad/cm)(5.00 cm)
–
(32.0 rad/s)(2.00 s) = 36.0 rad
φ 
1
= (25.0 rad/cm)(5.00 cm)
–
(40.0 rad/s)(2.00 s) = 45.0 rad
∆
φ 
= 9.00 radians = 516
°
= 156
°
 (b)
∆
φ 
= 20.0
x
 
–
32.0
t
 
–
[25.0
x
 
–
40.0
t
] =
–
5.00
x
+ 8.00
t
 At
t
=
2
.00 s, the requirement is
∆
φ 
=
–
5.00
x
+ 8.00 (2.00) = (2
n
+ 1)
π 
for any integer
n.
For
x
< 3.20,
–
5.00
x
+ 16.0 is positive, so we have
–
5.00
x
+ 16.0 = (2
n
+ 1)
π 
, or
x
= 3.20
–
 (2
n
+ 1)
π 
5.00 The smallest positive value of
x
occurs for
n
= 2 and is
x
= 3.20
–
 (4 + 1)
π 
5.00= 3.20
–
 
π 
= 0.0584 cm
 
C
hapter 16 Solutions3
© 2000 by Harcourt College Publishers. All rights reserved.
16.8
y
=
 y
1
+
 y
2
= 3.00 cos (4.00
x
 
–
1.60
t
) + 4.00 sin (5.00
x
 
–
2.00
t
) evaluated at the given
x
values.(a)
x
= 1.00,
t
= 1.00
 y
= 3.00 cos (2.40 rad) + 4.00 sin (+3.00 rad) =
–
1.65(b)
x
= 1.00,
t
= 0.500
 y
= 3.00 cos (+3.20 rad) + 4.00 sin (+4.00 rad) =
–
6.02(c)
x
= 0.500,
t
= 0
 y
= 3.00 cos (+2.00 rad) + 4.00 sin (+2.50 rad) = 1.15
16.9
(a)
y
1
=
 f 
(
x
 
–
 
vt
), so wave 1 travels in the +
x
direction .
 y
2
=
 f 
(
x
+
vt
), so wave 2 travels in the
–
x
direction .(b)To cancel,
 y
1
+
 y
2
= 0:5(3
x
 
–
4
t
)
2
+ 2=+5(3
x
+ 4
t
 
–
6)
2
+ 2 (3
x
 
–
4
t
)
2
= (3
x
+ 4
t
 
–
6)
2
3
x
 
–
4
t
= ±(3
x
+ 4
t
 
–
6)+root
→
8
t
= 6
→
 
t
= 0.750 s(at
t
= 0.750 s, the waves cancel everywhere)(c)
–
root
→
6
x
= 6
→
 
x
= 1.00 m (at
x
= 1.00 m, the waves cancel always)
*16.10
The down and back distance is 4.00 m + 4.00 m = 8.00 m.The speed is then
v
=
d
total
t=4(8.00 m)0.800 s= 40.0 m/s =
T 
/
µ
 Now,
µ
=0.200 kg4.00 m= 5.00
×
10
–
2
kg/m, so
T 
=
µv
2
= (5.00
×
10
–
2
kg/m)(40.0 m/s)
2
= 80.0 N
16.11
The mass per unit length is:
µ
=0.0600 kg5.00 m= 1.20
×
10
–
2
kg/mThe required tension is:
T 
=
µv
2
= (0.0120 kg/m)(50.0 m/s)
2
= 30.0 N
of 00

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