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For a complete set of online Algebra notes visithttp://tutorial.math.lamar.edu.
 © 
2005 Paul Dawkins
Algebra Cheat Sheet
Basic Properties & Facts
Arithmetic Operations
 
( )
,0
b abab ac a b c ac caa a acbbc bc bca c ad bc a c ad bcb d bd b d bd a b b a a b a bc d d c c c caab ac ad bb c aca bcd 
 + = + =     = =   + −+ = − =− − += = +− −  + = + ≠ =   
Exponent Properties
 
( )
( )
( )
( )
11
0
11, 011
nmm m
nn m n m n mm m nmn nmnnnn nnn nn nn nnnnn
aa a a aa aa a a aa aab a bb ba aa aa b ba a ab a a
+ −−−−−
= = == = ≠ = =  = = = = = =  
 
Properties of Radicals
 
1
,if is odd,if is even
n
n n n nnmn nmnnn nn n
a a ab a ba aa abba a na a n
= == ===
 
Properties of Inequalities
 If thenandIf and 0 then andIf and 0 then and
a b a c b c a c b ca ba b c ac bcc ca ba b c ac bcc c
< + < + − < −< > < << < > >
 
Properties of Absolute Value
 if 0if 0
a aaa a
≥=− <
 0Triangle Inequality
a a aaaab a bb ba b a b
≥ − == =+ ≤ +
 
Distance Formula
 If 
( )
111
,
P x y
=
and
( )
222
,
P x y
=
are twopoints the distance between them is
( ) ( ) ( )
22122121
,
d P P x x y y
= − + −
 
Complex Numbers
 
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( )( ) ( )( )( )( )( )( )
222222
11,0Complex ModulusComplex Conjugate
i i a i a aa bi c di a c b d ia bi c di a c b d ia bi c di ac bd ad bc ia bi a bi a ba bi a ba bi a bia bi a bi a bi
= − = − − = ≥+ + + = + + ++ − + = − + −+ + = − + ++ − = ++ = ++ = −+ + = +
 
 
 
For a complete set of online Algebra notes visithttp://tutorial.math.lamar.edu.
 © 
2005 Paul Dawkins
Logarithms and Log Properties
 
 Definition
log is equivalent to
 yb
 y x x b
= =
 
 Example
35
log1253 because 5125
= =
 
Special Logarithms
10
lnlognatural logloglogcommon log
e
 x x x x
==
 where
2.718281828
e
=
K
 
 Logarithm Properties
( )
( )
log
log1log10logloglogloglogloglogloglog
b
b b x xbr b bb b bb b b
bb x b x x r x xy x y x x y y
= == === + = −  
 The domain of log
b
x
is
0
 x
>
 
Factoring and Solving
Factoring Formulas
 
( )( )( )( )( ) ( )( )
222222222
22
 x a x a x a x ax a x a x ax a x a x a b x ab x a x b
− = + −+ + = +− + = −+ + + = + +
 
( )( )( )
( )
( )
( )
332233322333223322
3333
 x ax a x a x a x ax a x a x a x a x a x ax a x a x a x ax a
+ + + = +− + − = −+ = + − +− = − + +
 
( )( )
22
n n n n n n
 x a x a x a
− = − +
 If 
n
is odd then,
( )
( )
( )
( )
12112231
n n n n nn nn n n n
 x a x a x ax a x a x a x ax a x a
− − −− − − −
− = − + + ++= + − + − +
LL
Quadratic Formula
Solve
2
0
ax bx c
+ + =
,
0
a
≠
 
2
42
b b ac xa
− ± −=
 If 
2
40
b ac
− >
- Two real unequal solns.If 
2
40
b ac
− =
- Repeated real solution.If 
2
40
b ac
− <
- Two complex solutions.
Square Root Property
If 
2
 x p
=
then
 x p
= ±
 
Absolute Value Equations/Inequalities
If 
b
is a positive numberoror
 p b p b p b p b b p b p b p b p b
= ⇒ = − =< ⇒ − < <> ⇒ < − >
 
Completing the Square
 Solve
2
26100
 x x
− − =
 (1) Divide by the coefficient of the
2
 x
 
2
350
 x x
− − =
 (2) Move the constant to the other side.
2
35
 x x
− =
 (3) Take half the coefficient of 
 x
, squareit and add it to both sides
222
339293552244
 x x
 − + − = + − = + =  
 (4) Factor the left side
2
32924
 x
 − =  
 (5) Use Square Root Property32929242
 x
− = ± = ±
 (6) Solve for
 x
32922
 x
= ±
 
 
For a complete set of online Algebra notes visithttp://tutorial.math.lamar.edu.
 © 
2005 Paul Dawkins
Functions and Graphs
Constant Function
( )
or
 y a f x a
= =
 Graph is a horizontal line passingthrough the point
( )
0,
a
.
Line/Linear Function
 
( )
or
 y mx b f x mx b
= + = +
 Graph is a line with point
( )
0,
b
andslope
m.
 
Slope
 Slope of the line containing the twopoints
( )
11
,
 x y
and
( )
22
,
 x y
is
2121
riserun
 y ym x x
−= =−
 
Slope – intercept form
 The equation of the line with slope
m
 and
 y
-intercept
( )
0,
b
is
 y mx b
= +
 
Point – Slope form
 The equation of the line with slope
m
 and passing through the point
( )
11
,
 x y
is
( )
11
 y y m x x
= + −
 
Parabola/Quadratic Function
 
( ) ( ) ( )
22
 y a x h k f x a x h k 
= − + = − +
 The graph is a parabola that opens up if 
0
a
>
or down if 
0
a
<
and has a vertexat
( )
,
h k 
.
Parabola/Quadratic Function
 
( )
22
 y ax bx c f x ax bx c
= + + = + +
 The graph is a parabola that opens up if 
0
a
>
or down if 
0
a
<
and has a vertexat ,22
b b f a a
 − −    
.
Parabola/Quadratic Function
 
( )
22
 x ay by c g y ay by c
= + + = + +
 The graph is a parabola that opens rightif 
0
a
>
or left if 
0
a
<
and has a vertexat ,22
b bga a
 − −    
.
Circle
 
( ) ( )
222
 x h y k r 
− + − =
 Graph is a circle with radius
r 
and center
( )
,
h k 
.
Ellipse
 
( ) ( )
2222
1
 x h y k a b
− −+ =
 Graph is an ellipse with center
( )
,
h k 
 with vertices
a
units right/left from thecenter and vertices
b
units up/down fromthe center.
Hyperbola
 
( ) ( )
2222
1
 x h y k a b
− −− =
 Graph is a hyperbola that opens left andright, has a center at
( )
,
h k 
, vertices
a
 units left/right of center and asymptotesthat pass through center with slope
ba
±
.
Hyperbola
 
( ) ( )
2222
1
 y k x hb a
− −− =
 Graph is a hyperbola that opens up anddown, has a center at
( )
,
h k 
, vertices
b
 units up/down from the center andasymptotes that pass through center withslope
ba
±
. 
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