LUBRICATION

LUBRICANTS PERFORM THE FOLLOWING KEY FUNCTIONS.

1. Reduce friction
2. Heat dissipation
3. Corrosion prevention
4. Prevention of the ingress of water & grit
5. Keep moving parts apart
6. Carry away contaminants & debris
7. Transmit power
8. Protect against wear
9. Seal for gasses
10. Stop the risk of smoke and fire of objects

TYPES OF LUBRICANTS

1. Solid Lubricants:

Such as graphite, boron nitride, PTFE, molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide also
offer lubrication at temperatures (up to 350 °C) higher than liquid and oil-based
lubricants are able to operate.

2. Liquid Lubricants:

Mineral oil: Encompasses lubricating base oil derived from crude oil.

Vegetable (natural) oils: Derived from plants and animals. For lubricant base oil use the
vegetable derived materials are preferred. Common ones include high oleic canola oil,
palm oil, sunflower seed oil and rapeseed oil from vegetable and Tall oil from animal
sources.

Synthetic oil: Oils consisting of chemical compounds which were not originally present
in crude oil (petroleum), but were artificially made (synthesized) from other compounds.

3. Gas Lubricants:
Such as air, helium can be used, the gas being pumped into the bearing to
maintain sufficient pressure between the faces.
PROPERTIES AND TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH LUBRICANTS

Viscosity: This is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. It is ordinarily expressed in

terms of the time required for a standard quantity of the fluid at a certain temperature to
flow through a standard orifice. The higher the value, the more viscous the fluid is.

Flash point: The temperature at which vapours of a lubricant will ignite.

Pour point: An indicator of the ability of oil to flow at cool operating temperatures. It is
the lowest temperature at which the fluid will flow when cooled under prescribed
conditions.
1. Emulsification
2. Acidity

USES OF ADDITIVES

Anti-oxidants: Substance added in small quantities to prevent the chemical breakdown of

lubricants and the formation if acids
. Pressure

Oxidation - Occurs when oxygen attacks fluids. The process is accelerated by heat, light, metal
catalysts and the presence of water, acids, or solid contaminants. It leads to increased viscosity and
deposit formation.

De-foaments (Antifoam): Additive used to suppress the formation of air bubbles which
tend to form in a circulatory or hydraulic system

1. Graphite
2. Molybdenum Di-sulphideMoS2 is unreactive, being unaffected by dilute acids. In
its appearance and feel, molybdenum disulfide is similar to graphite and indeed it
is widely used as a solid lubricant[1][2] because of its low friction properties,
sometimes to relatively high temperatures.
Detergent: Additive to keep engine parts clean by preventing the formation of dirt
particles

Types of Lubrication systems (Diagrams)

1. Gravity

Drip Feed Oilers are Single Point Lubricators and are mounted directly on the Lubrication
Points. These oilers dispense oil by gravity from transparent reservoir through Needle Valve.
The Needle Valve is joined with Toggle Pin by which the Operator can On / Off the flow
manualy. The flow of the oil is controlled by adjusting the needle Valve and can be visiualized
from the in built Sight Glass. These Oilers are available in different Thread Size from 1/8" BSP
to 3/8" BSP.
 2. Ring
3. Splash
4. Mist
5. Circulation

Reasons for Planned Lubrication Procedures

Hazards Associated with lubricants

1. Dilution
2. Contamination