Piazzi

Ceres

Ceres
1801 Piazzi
, (
Ceres).

.
Gauss ,

. Gauss
.
1809 ,


Legendre.
,
(xi, yi), i=1, 2,
...,
.

, 4 (1, 1), (0, 2), (-1,

1), (-1, 2)

,
,

c:

x2
a2

+ by2 = 1

(1)

1
1
= k 2 = l (1) :
2
b
a

c : kx 2 + ly 2 = 1

(2)
(1, 1), (0, 2), (-1, 1) (-1, 2)
(2). :

k + l = 1
A c
k + l = 1
0k + 4l = 1
B c

0k + 4l = 1

k + 4l = 1
k + l = 1
G c

k + 4l = 1
D c

1 1
1
k

0 4

l = 1 AX = B
1 4 1

1 1

A = 0 4 , X =
1 4

k
l

Ceres

1
, B = 1 .
1

k = 34
k + l = 1
1

0
k
4
l
1
+
=

l = 4

3 1
(k, l) = ( , ) k + 4l = 1.
4 4

AX = B .
***
AX = B , mxn,

A T A X = A TB .
T
A A , A A
1 T
T
: X = ( A A ) A B .

1 1

A = 0 4 .
1 4
1 0 c 1 + c 2 = 0
1
c 1 = 0

c 1, c 2 R : c 1 0 + c 2 4 = 0 0c 1 + 4c 2 = 0
c 2 = 0
4 0 c 1 + 4c 2 = 0
1

, 2x2
T

A A , ( A A )
T

( A A ) .

1 1
1
1 0 1
1 0 1

0 4 X = 1 4 4 1
A A X = A B
1 4 4 1 4

5
2
2
X=
(3)
5

33

9
T
det( A A ) = 66 25 = 41 0
T

T
A A ( A A ) = ( A A )

( A T A ) = ( A T A ) 1 =
(3) :

1 33 5
.
41 5
2

33 5
1

det( A T A ) 5 2

Ceres

2 5
2
1 33 5 2 5
1 33 5 2
X
X
=

=
5 33
9 41 5 2 5 33
41 5 2 9

21
41
1 21
I2 X =

X
=
.
41 8
8
41
21

k = 41
k , l
l = 8

41

y2
x2
21 2 8 2
x2 y2
+
= 1
+
= 1.
x +
y = 1
(2) :
2
2
41 41
41
41
41
41

21 8
21
8

c:

x2
41

21

y2
41

=1

4
Ceres

Ceres

Ceres

- Ceres
.