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The Case
FOR 
and
 AGAINST 
Homework
Robert J. MarzanoDebra J. Pickering
Summarized by:Angela OrlikowskiMarch 2007/Volume 64/ Number 6
Responding to ChangingDemographics
Pages 74-79
 
Attitudes Toward HomeworkTIMELINE
1910-1920: POSITIVE ATTITUDE “
Homework helped createdisciplined minds” (p.1)
1940: NEGATIVE ATTITUDE
“Homework interfered with other home activities” (p.1)
1950: POSITIVE ATTITUDE
Launch of 
Sputnik 
led to concern that
 
“U.S. education lacked rigor…more rigorous homework” (p.1)
1980: NEGATIVE ATTITUDE
“Homework could be detrimental to students’ mental health” (p.1)
Today:
We are at an interesting intersection between positive andnegative attitudes toward homework!
 
The Case
FOR 
Homework
Homework is defined as “any task assigned to studentsby school teachers that are meant to be carried outduring nonschool hours” (Cooper, 1989, p.7)
Many studies have been conducted between the years1983-2006
The relationship between the amount of homeworkstudents do and their achievement outcomes waspositive (See chart on page 2 of article)
DOING HOMEWORK CAUSES IMPROVEDACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT!
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