Tri Literal Verbs

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Triliteral Verbs.doc

Page 7

The Unique Characteristic of the Second Radical -

ﻠﹶﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻋﻤ ﺔ

- of the Three Letter Arabic Verb

Arabic verbs are generally composed of three letters. The scholars of the Arabic grammar call these lettersas

“THREE RADICALS”

.

Verbs composed of three radicals are called

ﹲﻞﻌﻓﻲﺛﹶﻼﹸﺛ

.

The verb

ﻞﻌﹶﻓ

َ

(he did) has been adopted by the scholars of Arabic grammar as the NORM ( Pattern,Model, Archetype, Standard or

ﻥﺯﻭ

ٌ

) for the

ﹸﻞﻌﻔﻟﺍﻲﺛﹶﻼﱡﺜﻟﺍ

.

The letter “

ﻑ

” represents the first radical,“

ﻉ

” the second radical and “

ﻝ

َ

” the third radical.

ﺐﺘﹶﻛ

(he wrote); here

ـَ آ

is the first radical or

ُﺀﺎﻓﺔﻤﻠﹶﻜﻟﺍ

,

ﺕ

is the second radical or

ﺔﻤﻠﹶﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻋ

and

ﺏ

is the third radical or

ﻡﹶﻻﺔﻤﹶﻠﹶﻜﻟﺍ

.Now the important fact is that in all the three letter verbs in their root form, which is the

past tense

)ﹸﻞﻌﻔﻟﺍﻲﺿﺎﹶﳌﺍ(

,The

first

radical

-

ُﺀﺎﻓﺔﻤﻠﹶﻜﻟﺍ

,

is

always

Fatah

.The

second

radical

-

ﻴﻋﺔﻤﻠﹶﻜﻟﺍ ﻦ

,

may have

any

of the three vowel signs:

Fatah, Kasrah or Dummah

.

The

third

radical

-

ﻡﹶﻻﺔﻤﹶﻠﹶﻜﻟﺍ

, is again

always Fatah

.

ﺐﻫﹶﺫ

,

for instance, has

Fatah

on the second radical,

ﻊﻤﺳ

has a

Kasrah

and

ﺏﺮﹶﻛ

has a

Dummah

.On the first and third radicals (

ﺔﻤﹶﻠﹶﻜﻟﺍ ﻡﹶﻻ

ﻭ ﺔﻤﻠﹶﻜﻟﺍ ُﺀﺎﻓ

) the above verbs have

Fatah

.Now the same characteristic of the second radical -

ﻦﻴﻋﺔﻤﻠﹶﻜﻟﺍ

- of the past tense -

ﻲﺿﺎﹶﳌﺍ ﹸﻞﻌﻔﻟﺍ

- will beobserved when the three letter verb is put in the present tense -

ﻉﹺﺭﺎﻀﹸﳌﺍ ﹸﻞﻌﻔﻟﺍ

.

That is to say that in the

ﹸﻞﻌﻔﻟﺍﻉﹺﺭﺎﻀﹸﳌﺍ

- present tense

- the second radical -

ﺔﻤﻠﹶﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻋ

– may have a

Fatah, Kasrah or Dummah

.In other words, one can say that in the three letter verbs

“ all the action takes place on the second radical

ﺔ ﻤﻠﹶ ﻜﻟﺍ  ﻦ ﻴ ﻋ

”.

This is very nicely and beautifully explained in the following verses.

Triliteral Verbs.doc

Page 8

What is This Riddle in the Form of a Poem?

Can you figure out the subject matter of it?

ﺢﺘﹶﻓﻢﺿ ﹴﺮﺴﹶﻛ ﺢﺘﹶﻓ ﻥﺎﺘﺤﺘﹶﻓ ﻢﺿ ﻢﺿ ﹴﺢﺘﹶﻓ ﺮﺴﹶﻛ ﻥﺎﺗﺮﺴﹶﻛ

Clue: It deals with the Second Radical

–

ﺔﻤﻠﹶﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻋ

Are you able to figure out what the poem really means? Try to memorize it.

Triliteral Verbs.doc

Page 9

The Unique Characteristic of the Second Radical -

ﻠﹶﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻋﻤ ﺔ

- of the Three Letter Arabic Verb

Fatah will change into Dummah

ﻢﺿ

ﺢﺘﹶﻓ

A changes into UFatah will change into Kasrah

ﹴﺮﺴﹶﻛ

ﺢﺘﹶﻓ

A changes into IOr Fatah will remain Fatah

ﻥﺎﺘﺤﺘﹶﻓ

A remains same ADummah will always be Dummah

ﻢﺿ

ﻢﺿ

U will always be UKasrah will change into Fatah

ﹴﺢﺘﹶﻓ

ﺮﺴﹶﻛ

I will change into AOr it will remain same

ﻥﺎﺗﺮﺴﹶﻛ

Or I will remain same I

ﺏﺍﻮﺑﹶﺃ

= Groups.

If in the

ﹸﻞﻌﻔﻟﺍﻲﺿﺎﹶﳌﺍ

there is a Fatah on the

ﻤﻠﹶﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻋﺔ

it can change into Dummah in the

ﹸﻞﻌﻔﻟﺍﻉﹺﺭﺎﻀﹸﳌﺍ

for example (Group A – U)

ﺮﺼﻧ:ﺮﺼﻨﻳ

orit can change into Kasrah for example (Group A – I)

ﺏﺮﺿ:ﺏﹺﺮﻀﻳ

orit can remain same for example (Group A – A)

ﺢﺘﹶﻓ:ﺢﺘﹾﻔﻳ

.But if it has Dummah on the

ﺔﻤﻠﹶﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻋ

in

ﻲﺿﺎﹶﳌﺍ ﹸﻞﻌﻔﻟﺍ

then in

ﻉﹺﺭﺎﻀﹸﳌﺍ ﹸﻞﻌﻔﻟﺍ

it will always have Dummah for example (Group U – U)

ﻡﺮﹶﻛ :ﻡﺮﹾﻜﻳ

ُ

.If the

ﻦﻴﻋﺔﻤﻠﹶﻜﻟﺍ

has a Kasrah in

ﻲﺿﺎﹶﳌﺍ ﹸﻞﻌﻔﻟﺍ

it will change into Fatah in

ﻉﹺﺭﺎﻀﹸﳌﺍ ﹸﻞﻌﻔﻟﺍ

for example (Group I – A)

ﻊﻤﺳ:ﻊﻤﺴﻳ

orit will remain same for example (Group I - I)

ﺐِﺴﺣ:ﺐِﺴﺤﻳ

.

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