AAPMs TG51 Protocol for Clinical Reference Dosimetry of High-Energy Photon and Electron Beams

Peter R. Almond, Brown Cancer Center,Louisville, KY 40202 Peter J. Biggs, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 B.M. Coursey, Ionizing Radiation Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 W.F. Hanson, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030 M.Saiful Huq, Kimmel Cancer Center of Jeerson Medical College, Thomas Jeerson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 Ravinder Nath, Yale Univ School of Medicine,New Haven, CT 06510 D.W.O. Rogers, Ionizing Radiation Standards, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa K1A OR6, Canada

Developed by TG51 of the Radiation Therapy Committee of the AAPM. As published in Med Phys 26 (1999) 1847 1870
Abstract This is the gures from TG-51 in a large scale and colour format. Note the postscript and/or pdf versions available at http://www.irs.inms.nrc.ca/inms/irs/tg51 gures/tg51 gures.html

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100

I
%depthionization
90 80 70 60 50

b) a)
A
I

100 80 60

dmax
II

dose
II

B %dd(10)
0 5 10 15 20 0 1 2

40 20 0

I50
3 4 5 6 7 8

depth /cm

depth / cm

Figure 1: Eect of shifting depth-ionization data measured with cylindrical chambers upstream by 0.6 rcav for photon beams (panel a) and 0.5 rcav for electron beams (panel b) (with rcav = 1.0 cm). The raw data are shown by curve I (long dashes) in both cases and the shifted data, which are taken as the depth-ionization curve, are shown by curve II (solid line). The value of the % ionization at point A (10 cm depth) in the photon beam gives %dd(10) and the depth at point B (solid curve, 50% ionization) in the electron beam gives I50 from which R50 can be determined (see section VIII.C). For the photon beams, curve II is eectively the percentage depth-dose curve. For the electron beams, curve II must be further corrected (see section X.D) to obtain the percentage depth-dose curve shown (short dashes - but this is not needed for application of the protocol).

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110 100 90 80

dref = 0.6 R50 0.1 cm

% depthdose

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0

dmax

R50

10

12

dd_R50_dref

depth /cm

Figure 2: R50 is dened as the depth, in cm, at which the absorbed dose falls to 50% of its maximum value in a 10 10 cm2 ( 20 20 cm2 for R50 > 8.5 cm) electron beam at an SSD of 100 cm. The depth for clinical reference dosimetry is dref = 0.6R50 0.1 cm, in the same sized beam at an SSD between 90 and 110 cm. Note that for low-energy beams, dref is usually at dmax .

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SAD SSD

10x10

10 cm

10x10

10 cm

SSD Setup

SAD Setup

Figure 3: Schematic of the SSD or SAD setups which may be used for photon beam reference dosimetry. In both cases the ion chamber is at a water equivalent depth of 10 cm in the water phantom. The actual value of SSD or SAD is that most useful in the clinic (expected to be about 100 cm).

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1.00

A12,A1,PR05,PR05P,IC5,IC10 PTW N30002

0.99

0.98

PR06C
kQ
0.97

NE2561

PTW N30001,31003
0.96

0.95

NE2571, 2577 2505/3A, 30004 NE2581

55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

0.94

kQ_photon

%dd(10)X

Figure 4: Values of kQ at 10 cm depth in accelerator photon beams as a function of %dd(10)x for cylindrical ion chambers commonly used for clinical reference dosimetry. When values were the same within 0.1%, only one curve is shown. Explicit values are given in Table I, as is a list of equivalent chambers. For 60 Co beams, kQ = 1.000.

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Exradin A1,PR05,PR05P
1.03

NE2505.3A NE2571 N30001 PR06C/G NE2577 N30004

k R at dref

1.02

0.9905+0.071e
1.01

(R50/3.67)

A12 N30002 IC10/5 NE2561 N23331 NE2581 PR06C/G

2 3 4 5 6

50

N31003

1.00

R50 /cm
kR50.prime

Figure 5: Calculated values of kR50 at dref as a function of R50 for several common cylindrical ion Q and a kecal value chambers. These values can be used with Eq.(6), (with a measured value of Pgr from Table III) to determine the absorbed dose to water at the reference depth of dref = 0.6R50 0.1 cm.

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1.06

1.05

1.04

NACP Exradin P11 Holt PTB/Roos Attix

k R at dref

1.03

1.22390.145(R50)
Markus

0.214

50

1.02

1.01

1.00

Capintec
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0.99

kR50.prime_pp

R50 /cm

Figure 6: Calculated values of kR50 at dref as a function of R50 for several common plane-parallel chambers. Note that the values for the 5 well-guarded chambers lie on the same line in the gure. These Q = 1.0) to determine the absorbed dose to water at the values can be used with Eq.(6) (with Pgr reference depth of dref = 0.6R50 0.1 cm.

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1.00

NE2505.3A NE2571 NE2577 N30001 NE2581 PR06C/G

0.99

NE2561 N23331
k R at dref
0.98

0.97

N30004 N30002 A12 IC10/5

N31003

50

0.96

Exradin A1,PR05,PR05P
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

R50 /cm
Figure 7: Calculated values of kR50 at dref for high-energy electron beams, as a function of R50 for Q cylindrical ion chambers. These values can be used with Eq.(6), (with a measured value of Pgr and a kecal value from Table III) to determine the absorbed dose to water at the reference depth of dref = 0.6R50 0.1 cm.

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1.00

0.99

k R at dref

0.98

Capintec

0.97

Holt Exradin P11

PTB/Roos Attix NACP

50

Markus

0.96

0.95 9
kR50.prime_pp.high

1.22390.145(R50)
10 11 12 13 14 15 16

0.214
18 19 20

17

R50 /cm

Figure 8: Calculated values of kR50 at dref for high-energy electron beams, as a function of R50 for plane-parallel chambers. Note that the values for the 5 well-guarded chambers lie on the same line Q = 1.0 and a kecal value from Table II) in the gure. These values can be used with Eq.(6) (with Pgr to determine the absorbed dose to water at the reference depth of dref = 0.6R50 0.1 cm.

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