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Case study: Recording a NormanDoorway
Type:
Triangulation
Keywords:
Non-contact, laser scanning, doorway, architectural fragment, documentation,recording,
Recording a Norman Doorway, Prestbury Church
Introduction
Prestbury Church (Cheshire) has animportant Norman doorway. The doorwayand surround measures approximately H 6m x W x 2.8 m x D 0.7 m, the smallestdetail to be recorded on the doorway andsurround was approximately 5 mm. Thesandstone surface is badly weathered andvery friable. We provided PrestburyParochial Church Council with a full dataset. The aim of the work was to provide anaccurate 3D record of the doorway at thetime of recording.
Instruments and software
A Mensi S25 laser scanner mounted on alarge tripod was used for data capture. TheMensi S25 works by triangulation. Sensor-object separation ranged between 3 and 7metres throughout data capture. The S25records points across the surface in a gridin an automated fashion, once the user hasdetermined the scan area and grid size.The average grid size used for recordingthe doorway was 3 mm. Detailed sectionswere captured at 2 mm, areas of les detail,such as the door and the surroundingbrickwork, were recorded with a maximumgrid size of 4.2 mm. The resolution of thedata is dependent on the grid sizedetermined by the operator and theaccuracy of the system. The Mensi S25 hasa relative accuracy of 0.619 mm at anobject-scanner separation of 5 m, with anerror of +/- 1.2 mm. During scanning at adistance of 3 m, with a grid size of 2 mm,the standard deviation was recorded as 0.86mm. A calibration check was performed onthe system prior to scanning and oncompletion of data capture, on a 999.96 mmcarbon fibre bar at a distance of 5 m. Themeasurements had an average error of 0.471mm. Data capture required 10 scanningstations and took 22 hours on site tocomplete. Power was supplied via a mainssocket within the chapel. The scanner,associated equipment and operators werehoused in a tent to protect from the elements.Scanning could only take place in low lightingconditions or complete darkness. Recodingtook place in December, when the eveningsare long. The data was recorded usingScanworks software (Mensi-Trimble).Polyworks V8 (Innovmetric Software, Inc.)was employed for data alignment of scanningpatches and meshing. Registration andmerging of the different stations and post-processing was undertaken in Rapidform2004 SP2 (InusTechnologies, Inc.) Theaverage shell-shell deviation duringregistration was 0.65 mm. A small amount ofmanual hole filling and localised smoothingwas required. In total post-processing of thedata took 35 hours. Production of 3Dflythroughs in AVI format was undertaken in3D Studio Max (AutoDesk Media andEntertainment). Photographic documentationwas captured using a Minolta Dimage 53.3Mega pixel digital camera at a resolutionof 1600x1200 pixels, mounted on a tripod.
Why was scanning selected?
We wished to examine the use of an S25laser scanning system for the recording of an
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