Giaotrinh Autocad 2d 2007

Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007 KS Nguyn Hai Hung
1
Trung Di Hc Quc gia H Ni - Hc vin vnskills
Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007.
Ngui son thao: KS Nguyn Hai Hung.
CHUONG I
PHAN I
GII THIJU AUTOCAD 2007
(Computer-Aided Design [computer aide design] hoc Computer-Aided Drafting
[computer aide] v v thit k voi su tro gip cua my tnh)
CC THAO TC CAN THIET
I.1. Khoi dng AutoCAD 2007
D khoi dng AutoCAD 2007, ta c th thuc hin theo cc cch sau:
Double click vo biu tuong trn mn hnh nn.
Click theo duong dn Start\programs\Auto Desk\AutoCAD 2007 \
AutoCAD 2007.
Hnh 1.1. Mn hnh AutoCad khi moi khoi dong
Ch : Nu hp thoai Create New Drawing khng xut hin ta thuc hin nhu
sau: Trn thanh Menu chon Tools\Options\System. Chon Show Startup
dialog /Apply/ok. Hay nhp vo dng lnh (gi tri bin l 1).
Command: Filedia
Enter new value for FILEDIA <1>:
Thng thuong chon Metric/ Ok
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Hnh 1.2. Mn hnh do hoa AutoCAD 2007
Hnh 1.3. Graphics Area - Vng thuc hin ban ve
Menu Bar : Thanh chua cc lnh File, Edit, View,
Status Line : Dng trang thi (hin thi cc trang thi nhu: Grip,Snap).
Command Line : Dng lnh (nhp cc mnh lnh v vo dng ny).
UCSicon : Biu tuong h toa d.
Toolbar : Thanh cng cu (chua nhiu biu tuong, mi biu tuong l
lnh trong toolbar).
Cross-hair : Giao dim cua hai soi tc theo phuong X v Y.
Cursor : Con chay
Screen Menu : Danh muc (theo mc dinh danh muc ny khng mo). D tt
hay mo thuc hin nhu sau: Trn menu Bar chon Tool/ Options/ Display/ chon
Display screen menu.
Ch :
Menubar
Toolbar
Cross
UCSicon
Command
Status
Graphics
Cross
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Chu in hoa: Tn menu
Chu du in hoa o sau c du hai chm: Tn lnh
Chu du in hoa o sau khng c du hai chm: Tn lua chon
(t dng dn Screen Menu v khng thun tin).
Hnh 1.4. Graphics Area - Vng thuc hin ban ve
I.2. Luu tr
I.2.1. Luu ban v vi tn mi
Khi mo mt ban v moi d v, ta nn dt tn ngay, bng cch:
* Trn thanh Menu : Chon File\Save as
* Tu bn phm : Nhn t hop phm Crtl-Shift-S
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* Tu dng Command : G vo saveas (hoc saveas) sau d chon duong dn,
thu muc cn luu, dt tn v chon save trong hp thoai.
Hnh 1.5. Hop thoai Save Drawing As
I.2.2. Luu ban v d c tn sn
* Trn thanh Standard Toolbar : Click vo biu tuong <
* Tu bn phm : Nhn Ctrl + S
* Trn thanh Menu : Chon File\Save
* Tu dng Command : G vo save sau d chon save trong hp thoai
I.3. Thot khoi AutoCAD 2007
Ta c th thuc hin theo cc cch sau:
* Trn thanh Menu : Chon File\Exit
* Tu bn phm : Nhn t hop phm Ctrl-Q hoc vo biu tuong
X bn gc phai mn hnh hay nhn t hop phm Alt + F4
* Tu dng Command : G vo chu Quit hay Exit
I.4. Gii thiu hp thoi Startup
Hnh 1.6. hop thoai Startup
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I.4.1. Chon Open a Drawing biu tuong trong hp thoai: Mo ban v c
sn.
I.4.2. Chon Start from Scratch biu tuong chon Metric ban v moi c don
vi l mm v kch thuoc 420 x 297, chon Imperial don vi duoc tnh l Inch c
kch thuoc l 12 x 9.
Hnh 1.7. hop thoai Startup
I.4.3. Chon Use a Template cho php su dung ban v mu c sn cua AutoCad
2007.
Hnh 1.8. Chon Use a Wizard ban tu xc dinh kch thuoc ban ve.
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Hnh 1.9. Chon Advanced Setup/ Ok (ban chon tuan tu nhu trong hnh).
Trong hop thoai Advanced Setup, the Units chon Decimal phn Precision chon
0.00. Tip chon Next, the Angle c dang
Hnh 1.10. Hop thoai Advanced Setup (The Units)
Hnh 1.11. Hop thoai Advanced Setup (The Angle)
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Chon nhu trong hnh, tip chon next the Angle Mesuse
Hnh 1.12. Hop thoai Advanced Setup (The Angle Measuse)
The Angle Measuse chon huong dng (East).
Tip chon next the Angle Direction
Hnh 1.13. Hop thoai Advanced Setup (The Angle Direction)
The ny chon chu quay:
Hnh 1.14. Hop thoai Advanced Setup (The Area)
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Chon Counter - Clockwise nguoc chiu quay kim dng h chon
Clockwise cng chiu quay kim dng h.
Tip chon next the Area. The ny chon kch thuoc kh giy v v dinh giy
ngang hay dung, sau d chon Finish.
Chon Quick Setup.
I.4.4. Chon nhanh kch thuoc v don vi trang v/ Ok
Hnh 1.15. Hop thoai Create new drawing.
Hp thoai Quick Setup xut hin, trong the Units hp thoai ny chon don
vi ban v, sau khi chon xong ban chon next.
Hnh 1.16. Hop thoai Quick Setup the Units
Hp thoai Quick Setup the Are chon kch thuoc trang v/ sau khi chon
ban Click vo Finish.
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Hnh 1.17. Hop thoai QuickSetup
Hnh 1.18. Hop thoai Select File
(Hp thoai open)
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PHAN II
GII THIJU KHI QUT
II.1. Thanh tiu d (Title bar): Th hin tn ban v
- Vi tr cua Title bar nhu hnh
- Nt diu khin mn hnh: Nm bn tri hay bn phai thanh tiu d nhu
Hnh 1.19. Thanh tiu d
II.2. Thanh trnh don (Menu bar): (Th du trnh don Edit)
Hnh 1.20. Chon trnh don Edit
Trn Menu bar c nhiu trnh don, nu ta chon mt trnh don no d, th
mt trnh don tha (Full Down Menu) s hin ra d ta chon lnh k tip.
II.3. Thanh cng c chun. (Standard Toolbar)
Hnh 1.21. Thanh Standard
Hin thi thanh Standard bng cch: Right click vo mt biu tuong trn
thanh bt ky, chon thanh cng cu cn dng Th du nhu hnh bn duoi.
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Hnh 1.22. Hin thi Thanh Standard
II.4. Thanh thuc tnh (Properties)
Hnh 1.23. Thanh thuoc tnh
Hin thi thanh Object Properties bng cch:
Tu Menu: Chon View\Toolbars.... Hp thoai Toolbar mo ra: click vo Object
Properties (nhu hnh 1.22).
II.5. Dng lnh. (Command line)
Hnh 1.24. Dng lnh
Ta thuc hin lnh bng cch g tu bn phm vo dng command ny.
C th hin thi s dng Command bng cch:
* Co dn truc tip trn vng Command dua chut vo canh trn cua vng
Command giu chut tri r d duoc khoang cch tuy chon.
Right click vi tr bt k
trn thanh Standard
(th du tai vi)
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II.6. Thanh trng thi (Status bar)
Hnh 1.25. Thanh trang thi
Cho ta bit toa d dim v trn thanh ny cung c cc ch d SNAP,
GRID, ORTHO, OSNAP, ... s d cp sau.
II.7. Vng Menu mn hnh (Screen Menu)
Vng Screen Menu cung c chuc nng nhu thanh Menu chnh v nu duoc hin
thi n s nm bn phai mn hnh AutoCAD. Hin thi vng Screen Menu bng
cch:
Tu thanh Menu: chon Tools\Preferences. Hp thoai Options mo ra, chon
Display. Sau d click Display Screen menu.
Hnh 1.26. Scren Menu
II.8. Cc thanh cun (Scroll bars )
Hin thi cc thanh cun bng cch:
- Tu thanh Menu: Chon Tools\Options.
- Trong hp thoai Options, chon the Display. Sau d click chon dng Display
Scroll bars in Drawing window.
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Hnh 1.27. Hop thoai Options
II.9. Con tro (Cursor) v Vng v (Drawing Window)
- Cursor: Th hin vi tr dim v o trn mn hnh. Bnh thuong cursor c dang
hnh vung (box) v 2 duong thng truc giao (crosshair) tai tm hnh vung. Khi
hiu chinh di tuong, cursor c dang box. Diu chinh d di hai soi tc bng
cch vo Tools\ Options. Hp thoai Options mo ra, chon Display sau d g vo
s chi d di hai soi tc (th du 50) trong khung Crosshair size Vng v l vng
ta s th hin cc di tuong v.
Hnh 1.28. Con tro Cursor
II.10. Thay di mu vng v
Thay di mu vng v v Crosshair bng cch:
- Trn Menu bar vo Tools\Options.
- Trong hp thoai Options, chon Display.
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Chon Colors. Hp thoai Drawing Window Clors nhu hnh (a,b)
Context Chon 2D model space Interface element chon Unifrom background
(thay di mu nn vng v), ri click vo Color chon mu ta thch sau d chon
Aplly & close. (Hnh a). Mu mc dinh cua AutoCAD (Default Colors) l mu
den (black).
V: - Context Chon Sheet/ Layout.
- Interface element chon Unifrom background, ri click vo color chon
mu ta thch (Hnh.b) Sau d chon Aplly & close.
Hnh.a Hnh.b
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CHUONG II
TO CHUC BAN V
Khi d khoi dng AutoCAD, nhu d d cp trong chuong truoc, hp thoai
Creating New Drawing s hin ra, sau khi lua chon mt trnh no d, ta c th
v ngay. Nhung tt nht l ta nn dt tn v luu vo thu muc. Sau d: xc dinh
cc thng s cn thit cho ban v. V du: kch thuoc giy v, don vi, ti l ... duoc
goi l t chuc ban v. Cc buoc t chuc th hin nhu sau:
II.1. DJNH ON VJ BAN V
- Tu Pull-down Menu: Format / Units
- Tu Command: Units hoc (Ddunits)
C 5 lua chon don vi do chiu di v 5 lua chon don vi do gc.
1. o chiu di (Length)
Type (danh sch cc don vi) Scientific {khoa hoc; c tnh khoa hoc}, Decimal {thp
phn}, Engineering {khoa hoc hoc ngh nghip ca k su}, Architectural {kin trc} v
Fractional {phn s } (TCVN chon Decimal)
Precision (danh sch d chnh xc hoc s thp phn c nghia ta chon 0
hoc 0.0000)
2. o gc(Angle)
Decimal Degrees, Deg/Min/Sec. Grads, Radians v Surveyor (don vi cua dia
chnh) Sau khi chon xong click Ok.
Thng thuong don vi do chiu di chon Decimant, don vi do d gc chon
Deg/Min/Sec
Hnh 2.1. Hop thoai Drawing Units va hop thoai Direction Control
II.2. Dng don v| do chiu di (Units)
Hnh 2.2. Hop thoai Drawing Units
1. Architectural: Do theo foot v inch; phn
inch th hin duoi dang hn s.
2. Decimal: Do theo dang thp phn.
3. Engineering: Do theo foot v inch; phn
inch th hin duoi dang thp phn. Nu ta chon
mt trong 2 dang Engineering v Architectural
th AutoCAD xem 1 don vi v (don vi ta nhp
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vo) l 1 inch, nghia l khi ta nhp kch thuoc di tuong v m khng km theo
don vi, AutoCAD s hiu theo inch.
4. Scientific: Do theo dang luy thua.
5. Fractional: Do theo dang hn s.
II.3. Dng don v| do gc (Angles)
Hnh 2.3. o gc (Angles)
1. Decimal Degrees : Do theo d thp phn cua gc.
2. Deg/Min/Sec : Do theo d pht giy cua gc.
3. Grads : Do theo gradient thp phn cua gc.
4. Radians : Do theo radian thp phn cua gc.
5. Surveyor : Do theo gc dinh huong trong Trc luong.
S do gc duoc th hin theo d/(pht)/(giy) km theo huong, duong
nhin gc th hin theo dang Surveyor s nho hon hoc bng 90
0
.
II.4. Direction (phuong hung)
Hnh 2.4. o phuong huong (Direction control)
Nu ta click vo ty chon Direction. Hp thoai Direction control s mo ra
nhu hnh trn.
Trong d:
- East : Chiu duong truc x lm chun d tnh gc 0.
- North : Chiu duong truc y lm chun d tnh gc 0.
- Wes : Chiu m truc x lm chun d tnh gc 0.
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- South : Chiu m truc y lm chun d tnh gc 0.
- Other : Nu chon ty chon ny, cho php ta chon gc 0 l mt gc bt ky
(ta c th g truc tip vo dng angle hoc chon pick.
Hnh 2.5. Hop thoai Direction control
- Clockwise: Chon ty chon ny, gc duong s l chiu thun chiu kim dng
h.
Mc nhin AutoCAD, khng chon Clockwise v gc 0 theo East.
Hnh 2.6. Hop thoai Drawing Units.
II.5. HJ S TI LJ V GII HAN BAN V
II.5.1. H s ti l (Scale Factor)
Scale factor chnh l mu s cua ti l ban v ta mun dinh.
V du: Ban v ti l 1/10 th Scale factor s l: Scale factor = 10
Scale factor khng phai l mt lnh dc lp cua AutoCAD m n s xut hin
khi ta thuc hin lnh MvSetup.
II.5.2. Lnh Mvsetup
Lnh Mvsetup dng d t chuc cc vn d ban v nhu: chon h don vi, ti
l chung cho ban v v kh giy v hin thi trn mn hnh ...
D goi lnh Mvsetup:
Tu dng Command: Mvsetup
AutoCAD s hin ra cc thng bo sau: Initializing...
Enable paper space? [ No/Yes ]: N
Dng ny ta chon n, nghia l NO, ta chon khng gian ta thuong v nht.
Enter units type [ Scientific/Decimal/Engineering/Architectural/Metric ]: m
Dng ny yu cu ta chon don vi cho ban v, nu ta chon l m (Metric) th mt
don vi ta nhp vo s tuong ung voi 1 mm.
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Hnh 2.7a. Hop thoai Mvsetup.
Enter the scale factor: 10
Dng ny yu cu ta chon scale factor (ti l) ban v, nu ban v c nhiu ti l, ta
s chon scale factor l ti l c mu s lon nht. V du: Ban v ta c 3 ti l: 1/1;
1/2; 1/10, ta s chon scale factor = 10.
Hnh 2.7b. Hop thoai Mvsetup.
Enter the paper width: 297 Dng ny yu cu ta chon b rng kh giy v.
Enter the paper height: 210 Dng ny yu cu ta chon chiu cao kh giy v.
(Ban c th chon kch thuoc kh giy nhu phn trn)
Hnh 2.7c. Hop thoai Mvsetup.
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II.5.3. Gii hn ban v (Drawing Limits) (chn kch thuc kh giy)
Gioi han ban v thuc hin lnh LIMITS, l bn dim thuc hai kch thuoc
ngang v doc (tuc l hnh chu nht) trong h toa d (WCS).
Gioi han mn hnh cung chi phi cc lnh GRID v SNAP nu 2 lnh ny duoc
mo. Gioi han mn hnh gip ta c th kim sot duoc vng v, rt tin loi trong
vic v tu do d chuyn sang phn mm Word.
- Trn thanh Menu chnh: Chon Format\Drawing Limits
- Nhp vo tu dng Command: Limits
Reset Model space limits:
Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>:
Specify upper right corner <420.0000,297.0000>: 297,210
Trong d:
+ ON: Kim tra min v.
+ OFF: Bo qua kim tra min v.
+ Lower left corner <0.0000,0.0000>: Xc dinh toa d gc tri duoi mn
hnh. Mc dinh cua AutoCAD l toa d (0.0000,0.0000), ta c th dinh lai toa d
ny.
+ Upper right corner <420.0000,297.0000>: Xc dinh toa d gc phai trn
mn hnh <420,297> (kch thuoc kh giy, mc dinh 420x297), ta c th dinh lai
toa d ny.
Ty theo ti l cua ban v v kh giy v m ta s thit lp lnh LIMITS
thch hop. Gc phai trn gioi han mn hnh lc ny s bng: Kh giy nhn voi
mu s cua h s ti l.
II.6. CC HJ THNG TA
II.6.1. Cc biu tung cua h thng ta d
Hnh 2.8a. H toa do WCS Hnh 2.8b. H toa do UCS
Trong AutoCAD, h thng toa d c dinh goi l h WCS (World
Coordinate System) c gc toa d dt tai gc (0,0), o gc tri min v, biu
tuong ny th hin nhu hnh. H thng toa d duoc goi l toa d tuyt di. Tu h
thng toa d ny, nu ta thay di vi tr gc toa d sang mt vi tr moi, ta goi d
l h thng toa d cua nguoi su dung UCS (User Coordinate System).
- hin thi biu tuong h thng toa d UCS, ta thuc hin nhu sau:
Nhp vo tu dng Command: Ucsicon
Enter an option [ ON/OFF/All/Noorigin/properties ] <ON >: on
Trong d:
+ ON: Th hin biu tuong UCS.
+ OFF: Khng th hin biu tuong UCS.
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+ All: AutoCAD th hin biu tuong trong tt ca cc Viewports dang hoat
dng.
+ Noorigin: Lun dt UCS tai gc tri mn hnh.
+ ORigin: Dt UCS tai gc toa d.
Ch : Ucsicon cung l bin h thng; nu Ucsicon = 1, mo; nu Ucsicon = 0,
tt; nu Ucsicon = 2, Ucs dt tai gc toa d.
II.6.2. |nh v| li h thng ta d UCS
Vic dinh lai h thng toa d UCS l rt cn thit, nht l trong mi
truong 3D, chng han khi ta v mi nh, vic dua UCS v mt phng mi nh l
rt cn thit (z=0).
AutoCAD cung cp cho ta nhiu hnh thuc dinh vi lai h thng toa d, ty
truong hop cu th m ta vn dung cc ty chon thch hop.
- Nhp vo tu dng Command: UCS
Khi UCS duoc khoi dng, AutoCAD s dua ra cc ty chon sau:
Command: UCS
Current ucs name: *WORLD*
Specify origin of UCS or [Face/NAmed/OBject/Previous/View/World/X/Y/Z/ZAxis]
<World>:
Trong d:
Nu nhp N xut hin dng:
Specify origin of new UCS or [Zaxis/3Point/oBject/Face/View/X/Y/Z ] <0,0,0>:
+ Origin : Dinh lai dim gc toa d.
+ Zaxis : Cho php dinh lai toa d cua truc z.
+ 3point : Dinh lai h thng toa d bng 3 dim.
- Dim thu nht : Dinh gc toa d.
- Dim thu hai : Dinh chiu duong truc x.
- Dim thu ba : Dinh chiu duong truc y.
+ Object : Chon mt dim no d trn di tuong c sn v dt gc toa d
vo dim d.
+ View : Dt h thng toa d thng gc voi dim nhn.
+ X : Cho php quay h thng toa d quanh truc x.
+ Y : Cho php quay h thng toa d quanh truc y.
+ Z : Cho php quay h thng toa d quanh truc z.
+ Prev : Tro v h thng toa d d dinh truoc d.
+ Restore : Goi lai h thng toa d d luu tru
+ Save : Luu tru h thng toa d
+ Del : Xa bo h thng toa d d luu tru khi khng mun su dung
nua.
+ ? : Lit k cc h thng toa d d luu tru
+ <World>: Tro v WCS, mc dinh Nu khng dinh lai tao d ban nhp
vo chu W (World).
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II.7. TA IEM
AutoCAD xc dinh vi tr di tuong theo h thng toa d Descartes v h
thng toa d cuc. Vic nhp toa d vo AutoCAD c 2 hnh thuc chnh: Toa d
tuyt di v toa d tuong di.
II.7.1. Ta d tuyt di (Absolute coordinates)
Vi tr dim duoc xc dinh cn cu vo dim gc cua h thng toa d.
1. Vi h ta d Descartes. Toa d dim duoc xc dinh theo x v y;
- x: Khoang cch theo truc x cua dim dang xt so voi gc toa d.
- y: Khoang cch theo truc y cua dim dang xt so voi gc toa d.
Khi nhp toa d theo dang ny, th giua x v y cch nhau mt du phy (,)
Th du: Khi cn nhp mt dim A no d cch gc toa d 1 doan theo phuong x
l 10 don vi v theo phuong y mt doan 20 don vi theo chiu m truc y, tuc l
dim d c toa d tuyt di (x= 10 ; y= -20), ta nhp nhu sau:
From point: 10,-20
2. Vi h thng ta d cc.
Toa d dim duoc xc dinh theo chiu di cuc v gc cuc; giua chiu di
cuc v gc cuc duoc ngn cch boi du nho hon (<).
Th du: dim B cn nhp c chiu di cuc l 65 (khoang cch theo phuong x
giua dim dang xt v gc toa d) v gc cuc l 45
0
(so voi phuong ngang x), ta
nhp nhu sau:
From point: 65<45
II.7.2. Ta d tuong di (Relative coordinates)
Toa d tuong di l toa d cua dim dang xt so voi toa d cua dim lin
truoc d, dim ny AutoCAD goi l Lastpoint. bo cho AutoCAD bit ta
dang su dung toa d tuong di, ta phai thm vo k hiu a cng: (@) truoc khi
nhp toa d.
V du:
- Voi h toa d vung gc (Descartes) (dim A(10,20) ke doan AB nm ngang
c d di l 50, (dim A(10,20) nhp nhu sau:
Command: l
LINE Specify first point: 10,20
Specify next point or [Undo]: @50,0
- Voi h toa d cuc: Ke doan AB c d di l 65 v hop voi truc x mt gc 45
0
(dim A (10,20)
Command: l
LINE Specify first point: 10,20
Specify next point or [Undo]: @65<45
Ngoi vic xc dinh dim bng cch nhp toa d tu bn phm, ta c th dng
chut d chi dinh, di nhin rt kh chnh xc. khc phuc diu ny, AutoCAD
d cung cp cho ta nhung cng cu h tro (Drafting tools).
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II.8. CNG CJ TR GIP (Drafting Tools)
AutoCAD cung cp nhung cng cu tro gip v d ta d dng trong vic t
chuc cung nhu dy nhanh tc d khi v, bao gm cc lnh sau:
- Grid : Gn mt d luoi dim trn ban v.
- Snap : Gn buoc nhay con tro.
- Coords : Th hin toa d trn mn hnh.
- Ortho : Ch d thng gc.
Hnh 2.9. Hop thoai Drafting Settings
Grid, Snap v Ortho c th duoc dinh qua hp thoai Drafting Settings nhu
hnh trn.
D goi Drafting Settings, ta c th chon mt trong cc cch sau:
- Nhp vo tu dng Command: Ddrmodes
- Tu Menu chnh: chon Tools\ Drafting Settings
II.8.1. Grid( lui )
Tao mt luoi cho ban v, gip xc dinh toa d d dng bng chut hay
bng bn phm. tt/ mo Grid, ta c th chon nhung cch sau:
- Nhp vo tu dng Command: Grid (ri chon On hay Off ).
- Chon Grid trong hp thoai Drafting Settings.
Ta c th chon mc luoi theo dang vung hay chu nht. Bng cch chon
trong hp thoai Drafting Settings.
Muc Grid spacing: Chon gi tri Grid X v Grid Y.
II.8.2. Snap
Tao buoc nhay con tro, mt cng cu xc dinh dim tuong di chnh xc,
thuong dng kt hop voi Grid trong vic h tro v.
D tt/ mo Snap, ta c th chon cc cch sau:
- Nhp vo tu dng Command: Snap (ri chon On hay Off ).
- Chon Snap trong hp thoai Drafting Settings.
Sau khi khoi dng Snap, AutoCAD yu cu xc dinh cc ty chon sau:
Command: Snap
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Specify snap spacing or [ON/OFF/Aspect/Style/Type] <10.0000>:
Trong d:
Mt s ty chon c nghia nhu Grid
+ Style: Loai Snap chun.
II.8.3. Coords (Coordinate Display)
Tt/mo ch d mn hnh, duoc dt trong thanh trang thi (Status bar), nm
duoi dy mn hnh, Default l mo (On).
Thuc hin lnh theo cc cch sau:
- Nhp dp vo th hin toa d trn thanh trang thi
- Nhp vo tu dng Command : Coords( ri chon 1 (ON) hay 0 (OFF)
II.8.4. Ch d thng gc (Ortho)
Tao nhung duong thng song song hay thng gc voi h truc toa d. Thuc
hin lnh bng cc cch sau:
- Nhp dp vo Ortho trn thanh trang thi
- Nhn F8
- Nhn Ctrl+L
II.9. Trnh t thit lp ban v kh A4 ngang
Sau khi mo chuong trnh AutoCAD 2007. Tai dng nhc Command ta
nhp vo:
Command: LIMITS . Dt gioi han kh giy
Reset Model space limits:
Spesify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000> :
Spesify upper riget corner <420.0000,297.0000>: 297,210
Command : ZOOM thu ban v vua trong pham vi mn hnh
Specify corner of windaw, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP) ,or
[All/Center/Dynamic/Extens/Previous/Scale/Window] <real time>: A
Regenerating model
Command: UNITS Xc dinh cc don vi do
Xut hin hp thoai Drawing Units thit lp cc don vi nhu hnh sau d
nhn Direction xc dinh huong ban v nhu hnh:
24
Hnh 2.10. Hop thoai Drawing Units
Command: LINETYPE nap nt v, duong tm, duong khut
Xut hin hp thoai Linetype Manager
Chon Show all linetypes, chon Load v chon loai duong, nt. Chon OK
Hnh 2.11. Hop thoai linetypes.
- Command: LTSCALE xc dinh ti l ban v
Enter new linetype scale factor <1.0000>: 1.1
Regenerting model
- Command: DIMSTYLE dt kiu kch thuoc
Xut hin hp thoai Dimension Style Manager
+ Nhn vo nt New xut hin hp thoai Create New Dimension Style. Dt tn
cho kiu kch thuoc trong hp New Style Name
+ Nhn nt Continue hp thoai xut hin. Chon the Symbols and Arrows v
chon nhu hnh (hoc tuy khai bo theo yu cu) chon tip cc the khai bo nhu
hnh:
25
Hnh 2.12. Hop thoai Dimension Style Manager.
Hnh 2.12a. Hop thoai Dimension Style Manager.
Hnh 2.12b. Hop thoai Dimension Style Manager.
26
CHUONG III
CC BUC, LJNH V CO BAN
I. CC PHUONG PHP NHAP TOA D THNG THUNG
I.1. To d tuyt di
L tri s thuc cua toa d x, y, z so voi gc O (o ban v 2D bo qua tri s z)
I.2. To d cc tuyt di
Toa d cuc th hin boi bn knh D v gc quay. Toa d cuc duoc nhp
nhu sau D < p
D
A
P
ng chuan
0,0
Hnh 3.1. Toa do cuc tuyt doi
I.3. To d cc tuong di
L toa d so voi dim duoc chi dinh truoc d. D lm vic voi toa d
tuong di cn phai thm @ truoc gi tri toa d.
Th du: @ X2, Y2 so voi dim truoc d l (X1, Y1) lm gc.
P
1
(@100<0) P
2
(@100<120)
P
3
(@100<-120)
100
100
100
120
1
2
0
60
Hnh 3.2. Toa do cuc tuong doi
I.4. Cho khoang cch
Su dung bng cch kt hop voi ORTHO o ch d ON, Grid v Snap o ch
d Off
Th du: V hnh chu nht 100 x 50
C php:
Command: Line
Line specify first point <chon dim D1 bt ky >
Specify next point or [Undo]: 100 <dng thoi ko chut sang phai> <Enter>
Specify next point or [Undo]: 50 <dng thoi ko chut ln> <Enter>
Specify next point or [Undo]: 100 <dng thoi ko chut sang tri> <Enter>
Specify next point or [Undo]: 50 <dng thoi ko chut xung> <Enter>
Specify next point or [Undo] <Enter>
Hnh 3.3. Toa do cuc tuyt doi
100
5
0
D1: Chon bat ky
27
- Thanh Toolbar Draw v cc biu tuong:
Revision Cloud Ellipse Arc Hatch and Gradient
Xline Polygon Arc Ellipse Block Hatch Table
Line Pline Rectang Circle Spline Insert Point Region Dtext
Hnh 3.4. Thanh cng cu Toolbar Draw
II. CC LJNH V CO BAN
II.1. V don thng
Cng dung: Dng v cc di tuong l doan thng
V doan thng (c nt min nht c b rng nt l 0 (zero).
Thuc hin lnh Line nhu sau:
- Nhp vo tu dng Command: Line (hay L)
- Trn Menu chnh: Draw\Line
- Trn Menu mn hnh: Line
C php lnh
Command: L < Enter >
Line specify first point < chon dim P1 bt ky trong gioi han v >
Specify next point or [Undo]: <Chon dim tip theo >
Specify next point or [Close/Undo] <chon dim tip theo, hoc g vo C>
<Enter>
Nu g C: Dng kn duong gp khc
U hay Undo: Huy bo mt lnh v vua thuc hin.
Th du:
Dng lnh Line v hnh chu nht c kch thuoc 150x100.
Command: LINE
Specify first point: Chon P1 bt k
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-150,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
D kt thc lnh Line nhn Enter. Hnh 3.5. Toa do cuc tuong doi
Ch :
- Khi ta nhp dim bng toa d, phai Enter d xc nhn voi AutoCAD.
- Khi ta nhp dim bng click mouse trn mn hnh, th khng su dung Enter sau
mi ln click.
- Tai vi tr nhp: Nu ta nhp vo k tu C (Close) cc doan thng s khp kn lai
tao thnh da gic, dim du ni voi dim cui v dng thoi kt thc lnh Line.
150
1
0
0
P
1
Chon bat ky P
2
(@150,0)
P
3
(@0,100) P
4
(@-150,0)
28
P1
P2
P3
P4
II.2. V nua don thng
Cng dung: dng v cc di tuong l nua doan thng Thuc hin lnh Ray
nhu sau:
- Nhp vo tu dng Command: Ray (hay L)
- Trn Menu chnh: Draw\Ray
- Trn Menu mn hnh: Line
C php lnh
Command: Ray <Enter> <duong duoc gioi han mt du>
Specify strat point: <Chon dim bt du>
Specify through point: <Chon dim di qua>
Specify through point: <Chon dim di qua>
Specify through point: <Enter> <Chon tip s c dang hnh nan quat>
D kt thc lnh Line nhn Enter.
Th du:
V nan quat nhu hnh
Hnh 3.6. Hnh nan quat
II.3. V dung thng
Cng dung: Dng v cc di tuong l duong thng
Thuc hin lnh XLine nhu sau:
- Nhp vo tu dng Command: XLine (hay XL)
- Trn Menu chnh: Draw\XLine
- Trn Menu mn hnh: Construction Line
C php lnh
Command: XL < Enter >
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]:
Ty theo phuong cua duong thng m ban g vo chu HOA du vo dng nhc
< Enter >
Cc chon lua:
- Hor : Tao duong nm ngang.
- Ver : Tao duong thng dung.
- Ang : Tao duong c gc hop voi duong chun (nu g A hin dng nhc
tip theo).
Enter angle of xline ( 0 ) or [ Reference ]:
Nu < Enter >: Gc bng 0 tro v lua chon nhu Hor
Nhp gc ban c duong nhging
G Reference xut hin tip dng nhc:
Select a line <chon duong tham chiu> (duong v c dang copy lai duong vua
chon).
- Bisect: V duong phn gic cua mt gc duoc xc dinh boi 3 dim (xut hin
dng nhc).
Specify angle vertex point: <Chon dim gc>;
Specify angle start point: <Chon dim canh thu nht>;
29
Specify angle end point: <Chon dim canh thu hai>;
Specify angle end point: <Enter > <kt thc>.
- Offset: Tao duong song song voi duong d c
II.4. V dung trn (Circle)
Cng dung: Dng v cc di tuong l duong trn
Thuc hin lnh Circle nhu sau:
- Nhp vo tu dng Command : Circle (hay C)
- Trn Menu chnh: Draw\Circle
- Trn Menu mn hnh nt Ciecle
C php lnh
Command: Circle <Enter>
Specify center point for circel or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Ban c cc cch v:
Hnh 3.7. Hop thoai ve duong trn (Circle)
1. V dung trn tm v bn knh (center, radius)
Command: Circle (ho}c C)
CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Xc dinh
toa d tm Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <50.0000>: 50
Hnh 3.8. Ve duong trn Hnh 3.9. Ve duong trn
bit tm v bn knh bit tm v duong knh
Radius
Center
R50
Diameter
Center
1
0
0
30
2. V dung trn tm v dung knh (center, radius)
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Xc dinh toa d
tm.
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <50.0000>: D - Chon loai duong knh.
Specify diameter of circle <100.0000>: Nhp 100: (xc dinh duong knh).
3. V dung trn di qua 3 dim
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 3P
Specify first point on circle: Xc dinh dim thu nht duong trn di qua.
Specify second point on circle: Xc dinh dim thu hai duong trn di qua.
Specify third point on circle: Xc dinh dim thu ba duong trn di qua.
Hnh 3.10 Hnh 3.11
4. V dung trn di qua 2 dim (2P).
Specify first end point of circle's diameter: Xc dinh dim thu 1 trn duong knh
Specify second end point of circle's diameter: Xc dinh dim thu 2 trn duong
knh.
5. V dung trn tip xc vi hai di tung v bn knh R (tan tan Radius)
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Ttr.
Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: Chon di tuong thu nht.
Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: Chon di tuong thu hai.
Specify radius of circle <> \ : Xc dinh bn knh
Hnh 3.12 Hnh 3.13
Ch :
31
- D lp lai lnh vua thuc hin ta nhn phm Enter hoc Space bar.
- D nhp toa d cc dim ta dng phuong thuc truy bt dim (hoc phn sau).
- Nhp @ tuong duong voi @0,0
V d: Su dung toa d cuc tuong di, toa d tuong di v cc duong trn.
Command: CIRCLE
CIRCLE Specify center point for circle
or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <50.0000>: 50
Command: CIRCLE
CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or
[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: @100,0
Command: C CIRCLE Specify center point for
circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: ttr
Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: Chon duong trn 1
Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: Chon duong trn 2
Specify radius of circle <50.0000>: 50
II.5. V cung trn (lnh ARC)
AutoCAD cung cp cho chng ta 11 hnh thc d v cung trn, ty theo
yu cu ban v ta c th su dung mt trong cc phuong php sau:
+ Trn thanh Draw : Click vo mt trong cc biu tuong cua Arc
+ Trn dng Command : Arc hay A
+ Trn Menu chnh : Draw/ Arc
1. Cung trn di qua 3 dim (3 Point)
Command: Arc (ho}c A)
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Nhp toa d dim du cua cung P1
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: Nhp toa d dim P2
Specify end point of arc: Nhp toa d dim cui cua cung P3
Ch : Voi hnh thuc ny ta c th v theo chiu kim dng h hay nguoc lai.
2. V cung trn vi dim du, tm, dim cui (Start, Center, End)
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Nhp toa d dim du S
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: C
Specify center point of arc: Nhp toa d tm
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: Nhp toa d dim cui E
100
R50
R50
0
1
0
2
0
3
C
1
C
2
C
3
Hnh 3.14
32
Hnh 3.15. points
Hnh 3.16. Start, Center, End
3. V cung trn vi dim du, tm v gc o tm (Start, Center, Angle)
Trong Arc gc duoc dinh nghia l gc c dinh l tm cua cung chn boi
dim du v dim cui cng, nu gc c gi tri duong AutoCAD s v theo
chiu nguoc kim dng h v nguoc lai.
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Nhp toa d dim du cua Arc
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: C Chon Center
Specify center point of arc: @-100, 0 Nhp toa d tm cua Arc
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: A Chon Angle
Specify included angle: 72 Nhp s do gc chn cung
4. V cung trn vi dim du, tm v chiu di dy cung (Start, Center,
chord Length)
Dy cung (Length) l doan thng ni voi dim du v dim cui cua
cung, AutoCAD s v theo chiu nguc kim dng h, nu chiu di dy cung
l duong(tu dim du toi dim cui) v nguoc lai, truong hop ny cho cung c
chiu di ngn nht.
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Nhp toa d dim du cung S
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: C Chon Center
Specify center point of arc: Nhp toa d tm cung C
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: L Chon d di dy cung
Specify length of chord: Nhp d di dy cung
Hnh 3.17. Start, Center, Angle Hnh 3.18. Start, Center, Length
5. V cung trn vi dim du, dim cui v bn knh (Start, End,)
33
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: E Chon End
Specify end point of arc: Nhp toa d dim cui E
Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: R
Chon Radius Specify radius of arc: Nhp d di bn knh Cung trn duoc v
nguoc chiu kim dng h.
6. V cung trn vi dim du, dim cui v gc o tm (Start, End, Angle)
Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: A
Chon Angle Specify included angle: Nhp gi tri gc o tm
Hnh 3.19
Hnh 3.20
Hnh 3.21
7. V cung trn vi dim du, dim cui v hung tip tuyn cua cung ti
dim bt du (Start, End, Direction)
Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: D Chon Direction
Specify tangent direction for the start point of arc: Chon huong tip xc voi dim
du.
8. V cung trn vi tm, dim du, dim cui (Center, Start, End)
9. V cung trn vi tm, dim du v gc o tm (Center, Start, Angle)
10. V cung trn vi tm, dim du v chiu di dy cung (Center, Start,
Length)
* V cung trn ni tip vi don thng hay cung trn truc d
Gia su truoc khi ta thuc hin lnh Arc ta v doan thng hay cung trn, ta
mun v mt cung trn ni tip n
Specify start point of arc or [Center]:
34
Specify end point of arc: Nhp toa d dim cui
Hnh 3.22 Hnh 3.23
Cung trn vua v tip xc voi doan thng hoc cung trn truoc d.
V d 1: Thuc hin ban v duoi dy
Command: LINE
Specify first point: Chon P1 bt k
Specify next point or [Undo]:
Command: A
Hnh 3.24
ARC Specify start point of arc or
[Center]: @Specify second point of arc
or [Center/End]: C Specify center point
of arc: @30,0
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: A
Specify included angle: -90
Command: LINE
Specify first point: @0,30
Specify next point or [Undo]: @-110,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
@0,-70 Specify next point or
[Close/Undo]:
V d 2: Su dung lnh Line v Arc d v hnh sau:
Hnh 3.25
II.6. V da tuyn (Polyline)
Cng dung: Dng v nhung hnh tp hop cc duong, doan thng, cung, gp
khc,
35
D v da tuyn ta c th thuc hin mt trong cc cch sau:
+ Trn thanh Draw : Click vo biu tuong cua Polyline
+ Trn dng Command : Pline hay Pl
+ Trn Menu chnh : Draw/ Polyline
Lnh Pline thuc hin nhiu chuc nng hon lnh Line. Lnh Pline c 3 dc
dim ni bt
- Lnh Pline tao cc doi tuong c chiu rong (Width), cn lnh Line th khng
(Hnh 7.1)
- Cc phn doan Pline lin kt thnh mot doi tuong duy nhat. Cn lnh Line
cc phn doan l cc doi tuong don (Hnh 7.2).
- Lnh Pline tao nn cc phn doan l cc doan thng hoc cc cung trn (Arc)
(Hnh 7.3)
Hnh 3.26
Hnh 3.27
Hnh 3.28
Lnh Pline c th vua v cc phn doan l doan thng v cung trn.
Dy l lnh kt hop giua lnh Line v Arc.
1. Ch d v don thng
Command: Pline (ho}c Pl)
Specify start point: Nhp toa d lm dim bt du cua Pline
Current line-width is 0.0000 Chiu rng hin hnh cua Pline l 0
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: (Nhp toa d dim
k tip, truy bt dim hay dp cc chu ci in hoa d su dung cc lua chon)
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:
Cc la chn
- Close: Dng Pline boi mt doan thng.
-Halfwidth: Dinh nua chiu rng phn doan sp v.
+ Specify starting half-width <0.0000>: Nhp gi tri nua chiu rng phn doan.
+ Specify ending half-width <3.0000>: Nhp gi tri nua chiu rng cui phn
doan.
- Width: Dinh chiu rng phn doan sp v, tuong tu Halfwidth.
- Length: V tip mt phn doan c phuong chiu nhu doan thng truoc d.
Nu phn doan truoc d l cung trn th n tip xc voi cung trn, khi d c
dng nhc phu.
Specify length of line: Nhp chiu di phn doan sp v.
- Undo: Huy bo phn doan vua v.
2. Ch d v cung trn
Command: Pline (ho}c Pl)
36
Specify start point: Chon dim hay nhp toa d dim bt du cua Pline.
Current line-width is 0.0000.
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: A Chon Arc.
Specify endpoint of arc or
[Angle/CEnter/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]:
Nhp toa d dim cui cua cung hoc nhp cc lua chon:
Cc la chn
* Close: Cho php ta dng da tuyn boi mt cung trn.
* Halfwidth, Width, Undo: Tuong tu nhu ch d v doan thng.
* Angle Tuong tu Arc khi ta nhp A c dng nhc.
Specify included angle: Nhp gi tri gc o tm.
Specify endpoint of arc or [CEnter/Radius]: Chon dim cui, tm/ bn knh.
* CEnter Tuong tu lnh Arc khi ta nhp CE c dng nhc.
Specify center point of arc: Nhp toa d tm.
Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/Length]: Nhp dim cui/ gc hoc chiu di
dy cung.
* Direction: Dinh huong cua duong tip tuyn voi dim du tin cua cung. Khi
ta dp D s xut hin dng nhc.
Specify the tangent direction for the start point of arc: Chon huong tip xc.
Specify endpoint of the arc: Nhp toa d dim cui.
* Radius: Xc dinh bn knh cong cua cung, khi ta dp R s xut hin dng nhc
Specify radius of arc: Nhp gi tri bn knh.
Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle]: Nhp toa d dim cui hoc d lon gc.
* Second pt: Nhp toa d dim thu hai v dim cui d c th xc dinh cung
trn di qua 3 dim. Khi ta dp S s xut hin:
Specify second point on arc: Nhp toa d dim thu hai.
Specify end point of arc: Nhp toa d dim cui.
* Line: Tro v ch d v doan thng.
V d: Dng lnh Pline d v da tuyn.
Command: PLINE
Specify start point: Chon dim bt k
Current line-width is 1.0000 Hnh 3.29
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @30, 0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @0, 20
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: A
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second
pt/Undo/Width]: A
Specify included angle: -90
Specify endpoint of arc or [CEnter/Radius]: @20,-20
37
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/ Undo/
Width]: L
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @30, 0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: A
Width]: @0, 50
Width]: L
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @-50, 0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @-30,-25
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: C
II.7. V da gic du ( Polygon)
Polygon l mt da gic du c th ni hay ngoi tip vi dung
trn cng tm, AutoCAD c th to mt Polygon (min: 3 cnh v max: 1024
cnh), thuc hin lnh Polygon chon mt trong cc cch sau:
* Trn thanh Draw : click vo biu tuong
* Trn dng Command : Polygon
* Trn Menu chnh : Draw/ Polygon
AutoCAD dng dung trn ao lm chun d v Polygon, trong trung
hp ny cc dinh Polygon nm trn duong trn.
AutoCAD cung cp cho chng ta 3 hnh thc xc djnh Polygon: ni
tip (Inscribed in Circle), ngoi tip (Circumscribe about Circle) v xc dinh
canh Polygon bng 2 dim (Edge).
1. Polygon ni tip vi dung trn (Inscribed in Circle)
Khi cho truoc bn knh duong trn ngoai tip (khoang cch tu tm dn
dinh da gic)
Command: Polygon (ho}c Pol)
Enter number of sides <>: Nhp s canh cua da gic
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nhp toa d tm Polygon (tm duong trn)
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <C>: Chon I
Specify radius of circle: Nhp gi tri bn knh duong trn ao, toa d dim hoc
truy bt dim l dim mt dinh cua da gic
2. Polygon ngoi tip vi dung trn (Circumscribed about Circle)
Khi cho truoc bn knh duong trn ni tip (khoang cch tu tm dn dim
38
giua mt canh).
Enter number of sides <>: Nhp s canh cua da gic.
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nhp toa d tm Polygon (tm duong trn)
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <C>: Chon C
Specify radius of circle: Nhp gi tri bn knh duong trn ao hoc toa d dim
hoc truy bt dim l dim giua mt canh cua da gic.
3. |nh polygon vi cnh duc xc d|nh boi hai dim
Khi cn v mt polygon c dinh trng voi 1 hay 2 dim no d, ta dng
ty chon Edge (cnh).
Enter number of sides <>: Nhp s canh cua da gic
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Chon E
Specify first endpoint of edge: Nhp toa d dim thu nht cua canh
Specify second endpoint of edge: Nhp toa d dim thu hai cua canh
Hnh 3.30. Inscribed Hnh 3.31. Circumscribed 3.32. Edge (Canh)
(Noi tip) (Ngoai tip)
II.8. RECTANGLE (V HNH CH NHAT)
Lnh Rectang dng d v hnh chu nht, hnh chu nht l mt da tuyn.
D thuc hin v hnh chu nht Rectang ta chon mt trong cc cch sau:
* Trn thanh Draw : Click vo biu tuong
* Trn dng Command : Rectang hoc Rec
* Trn Menu chnh : Draw/ Rectang
Command Rectang (ho}c Rec)
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Nhp
toa d gc thu nht.
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: Nhp toa d gc di din.
Cc la chn
Chamfer (C): Cho php vt mp 4 dinh cua hnh chu nht. Du tin
dinh khoang cch vt mp sau d v hnh chu nht.
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Chon
39
C Specify first chamfer distance for rectangles <>: Nhp khoang cch vt mp
thu nht Specify second chamfer distance for rectangles <>: Nhp khoang cch
vt mp thu hai.
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Dinh
gc thu nht (Nhp toa d hoc chon dim bt k).
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: Dinh gc di din (hoc nhp toa d).
Fillet (F): Cho php bo trn cc dinh cua hnh chu nht.
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Chon F
Specify fillet radius for rectangles <10.0000>: Nhp bn knh bo trn
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Xc
dinh gc thu nht.
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: Xc dinh toa d gc di din.
Width(W): Dinh chiu rng nt v
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: W
Specify line width for rectangles <0.0000>: Nhp d rng nt v
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: Elevation/Thickness: Dinh d cao v
d dy hnh chu nht khi tao mt chu nht 2 chiu. Gioi thiu trong phn 3D
Hnh 3.33 Hnh 3.34
Hnh 3.35
Hnh 3.36
II.9. ELIP (V HNH ELIP)
Lnh Ellipse dng d v duong Elip, truy xut lnh bng cch:
* Trn thanh cng cu Draw : Click vo biu tuong
* nh truc tip vo dng Command : Ellipse hay El
* Trn Menu chn : Chon Draw\Ellipse
Ty thuc vo bin PELLIPSE, duong Elip c th l:
* PELLIPSE = 1 : Duong Elip l 1 da tuyn, da tuyn ny l tp hop cc cung
trn, ta c th su dung lnh Pedit d hiu chinh
* PELLIPSE = 0 : Duong Elip l duong Spline, dy l 1 duong cong
NURBS (xem lnh Spline) v ta khng th Explode n duoc.
Nu bin PELLIPSE = 0, ta c 3 phuong php tao Elip:
- Nhp toa d mt truc v khoang cch nua truc thu hai
- Nhp tm, dim cui mt truc v khoang cch nua truc thu hai
- Tao mt cung Elip
1. To d mt trc v khoang cch nua trc cn li
40
Command: Ellipse (ho}c El)
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: Nhp toa d dim thu nht cua
truc thu nht Specify other endpoint of axis: Nhp toa d dim thu hai cua truc
thu nht
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 3: Chon dim thu ba lm khoang
cch nua truc cn lai hay c th nhp khoang cch truc tip.
Endpoint Distance Endpoints- Rotation
Hnh 3.37 Hnh 3.38
Khoang cch nua truc thu hai l khoang cch tu dim 3 dn truc 1-2.
Ty chn Rotation dng d xc dinh nua khoang cch truc cn lai theo gc.
Nu chon R, AutoCAD s dua tip dng nhc
Specify rotation around major axis: Nhp gc so voi truc thu nht
2. Tm v cc trc
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: C Chon Center
Specify center of ellipse: Chon dim lm tm cua Ellipse
Specify endpoint of axis: Nhp toa d hay chon dim thu nht d xc dinh truc 1
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: Chon dim thu hai d xc dinh truc
thu hai. Ty chon R tuong tu nhu trn.
Center Distance Center- Rotation
Hnh 3.39 Hnh 3.40
3. V cung Elip
Ty chon Arc trong lnh Ellipse cho php ta v cung Elippse. Cung
Ellipse s duoc v nguoc chiu kim dng h tuong tu lnh Arc. u tin, ta
dinh dang Ellipse, sau d dinh dim du v dim cui cua cung.
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: Chon Arc
Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: Chon dim du cua truc thu nht.
Specify other endpoint of axis: Chon dim thu hai cua truc thu nht.
41
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: Khoang cch nua truc thu hai.
Specify start angle or [Parameter]: Chon dim hay nhp gc- dy l gc giua
truc ta vua dinh voi duong thng tu tm dn dim du cung.
Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]: Chon dim hay nhp gc-
dy l gc giua truc ta vua dinh voi duong thng tu tm dn dim cui cung
Lua chon Parameter d lua chon dim du v dim cui cua cung Elip bng
biu thuc vector tham s: p(u)=c +a*cos(u) +b*sin(u) voi c l toa d tm, a, b l
khoang cch truc lon v nho cua elip.
Chon hai dim bat k Nhap gi tri gc
Hnh 3.41 Hnh 3.42
Nu dp P c cc dng nhc phu
Specify start parameter or [Angle]: Xc dinh dim du cua cung
Specify end parameter or [Angle/Included angle]: Xc dinh dim cui cung.
II.10. Lnh FILL (t nn) (cn ch )
Thuc hin lnh fill nhu sau:
- Trn dng Command: fill
C php lnh
Command: fill
- Enter mode [ON/OFF] <ON>: on
- Chon ON t nn chon OFF khng t.
II.11. Lnh DONUT (v hnh vnh khn)
Thuc hin lnh Donut nhu sau:
Nhp vo tu dng Command : donut (hay do)
Trn Menu chnh: Draw\ donut
C php lnh
Command: DO
DONUT
Specify inside diameter of donut <100>: < cho duong knh thu nht > < D1 >
Specify outside diameter of donut <150>: < cho duong knh thu hai> < D2 >
Specify center of donut or <exit>: <cho tm> <C>
Specify center of donut or <exit>: <Enter> kt thc lnh
Hnh 3.43
42
CHUONG IV
CC LJNH TRUY BAT DI TUNG
I. CHE TRUY BAT I TUNG
Ngoi vic dng toa d d dinh vi dim cua nhung di
tuong, AutoCAD cung cp cho chng ta mt cng cu xc dinh
toa d dim chnh xc v rt nhanh trn co so nhung di tuong
c sn. Mi di tuong c nhung dc dim ring cua n, nhu
doan thng th c 2 dim cui v dim giua, duong trn c tm
v tip tuyn D hin thanh cng cu Object Snap, ban n
chut phai trn thanh cng cu Standard. Hin menu nhu hnh,
chon Object Snap.
Hnh 4.1.Thanh cng cu Object Snap
AutoCAD truy bt nhung dim dc bit ny nhanh v rt chnh xc. Trong
cc di tuong AutoCAD quan tm dn 12 loai dim m n truy bt d dng nhu
hnh trn.
Mt trong nhung uu dim cua phn mm AutoCAD l d chnh xc rt
cao (c th ln toi 14 s sau du phy voi CAD 14), do d ta cn phai su dung
cc phuong thuc nhp dim chnh xc khi v. Ngoi ra khi su dung cc lnh ghi
kch thuoc th chu s kch thuoc s hin ln theo kch thuoc m ta v, do d
mun ghi kch thuoc dng th ban v phai cuc k chnh xc.
AutoCAD c kha nng goi l Objects Snap (OSNAP) dng d truy bt
cc dim thuc di tuong nhu: dim cui, dim giua, tm, giao dim, Khi
su dung cc phuong thuc truy bt ny, tai giao dim cua 2 soi tc xut hin
mt vung truy bt (Aperture) v tai dim cn truy bt xut hin khung hnh
k hiu phuong thuc truy bt (Marker). Khi chon cc doi tuong dang o trang
43
thi truy bt AutoCAD se tu dong tnh toa do dim truy bt v gn cho dim
can tm.
Ta c th su dung phuong thuc truy bt dim thuong tr hoc tam tr. Phn
ny gii thiu truy bt dim tm tr.
Cc dim cua di tuong c th duoc truy bt trong CAD l:
Line, Spline : Cc dim cui (ENDpoint), dim giua (MIDpoint)
Arc : Cc dim cui (ENDpoint), dim giua (MIDpoint), tm
(CENter), dim gc (QUAdrant).
Circle, Ellipse : Tm (CENter), dim gc (QUAdrant)
Point : Dim tm (NODe)
Pline : Dim cui (ENDpoint), dim giua (MIDpoint) mi phn doan.
Text : Dim chn (INSert)
Ngoi ra ta cn truy bt dim tip xc (TANgent), dim vung gc
(PERpendicular), FROM, APPintersection,
D lm xut hin bang truy bt dim ta c cc cch sau:
Hnh 4.2. Hop thoai OSNAP
- Nhn Shift + Chut phai s xut hin hp thoai Cursor (Hnh 4.2)
Ta chi su dung cc phuong thuc truy bt dim tam tr khi cn xc dinh toa
d mt dim cua lnh Line hoc Circle Specify first point: Tai cc dng
nhc ny ta chi cn nhp 3 chu du tin cua phuong thuc truy bt dim hoc
goi tu danh muc. Khi dang o trang thi truy bt dim th vung tai giao dim 2
soi tc l vung truy bt (Aperture)
Cc phuong thc truy bt di tung
1. CENter: Dng d truy bt dim tm cua circle, arc, ellipse. Khi truy bt ta
44
cn chon di tuong cn truy bt tm
Hnh 4.3. Cc phuong thuc truy bt dim
2. ENDpoint: Dng d truy bt dimt cui cua Line, Spline, Arc, phn doan
cua Pline. Chon tai dim gn dim cui truy bt. V Line v Arc c 2 dim
cui, do d CAD s truy bt dim cui no gn giao dim 2 soi tc.
3. INSert: Dng d truy bt dim chn cua dng Text v Block. Chon mt dim
bt k cua dng Text hoc Block v nhp phm chon.
4. I NTersection: Dng d truy bt giao dim cua hai di tuong. Mun truy
bt th giao dim phai nm trong vung truy bt hoc ca hai di tuong du
cham vung truy bt.
Ta c th truy bt giao dim cua hai di tuong khi ko di moi giao nhau,
khi d chon ln luot hai di tuong.
5. MIDpoint: Truy bt dim thuc di tuong gn giao dim voi hai soi tc
nht. Cho vung truy bt cham dn di tuong gn dim cn truy bt v nhn
phm chon.
Truy bt Midpoint Truy bt Midpoint Truy bt NODe
45
6. NODe: Dng d truy bt tm cua mt dim. Cho vung truy bt cham voi
dim v nhp phm chon
7. NEArest: Truy bt mt dim thuc di tuong gn giao dim voi hai soi tc
nht. Cho vung truy bt dn cham di tuong gn dim cn truy bt v nhn
phm chon
Hnh 4.7.Truy bt NEArest Hnh 4.8. Truy bt PERpendicular
8. PERpendicular: Truy bt dim vung gc voi di tuong duoc chon. Cho
vung truy bt dn cham voi di tuong v nhp phm chon.
9. QUAdrant: Truy bt cc dim cua Circle, Ellipse hoc Arc. Cho vung
dn gn dim cn truy bt, cham voi d tuong v nhp phm truy bt
10. TANgent: Truy bt dim tip xc voi Line, Arc, Ellipse, Spline hoc
Circle. Cho vung truy bt cham voi di tuong cn tm v nhp phm chon.
11. FROm: Phuong thuc From cho php tm mt dim bng cch nhp toa d
tuong di hoc toa d cuc tuong di so voi gc toa d l mt dim chun m
ta c th truy bt dim. Phuong thuc ny thuc hin thnh hai buoc:
- Buoc 1: L xc dinh gc toa d tuong di (dim cui cng nht xc dinh trn
mn hnh) tai dng nhc Base point: Nhp toa d hoc su dung cc phuong
thuc truy bt dim k ra o trn.
- Buoc 2: L nhp toa d tuong di, toa d cuc tuong di cua dim cn
tm tai dng nhc
<Offset>: So voi gc toa d tuong di vua xc dinh tai Buoc 1.
V du: V doan thng P5P6 v duong trn C1 dng phuong thuc truy bt From:
(V HCN: 180,100)
46
Command: LINE
Specify first point: from
Base point: end of (Truy bt P2)
<Offset>: @-100, 0
Specify next point or [Undo]: from
<Offset>: @-50, 0
Command: C
CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: from
<Offset>: @60, 50
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: tan
to (Chon doan thng P5P6)
12. Extention: Dng d ko di cung hoc doan thng. Kt hop voi
Intersection hoc Apparent Intersection d ko di dn cc giao dim
Cc v d su dng phuong thc truy bt dim(V HCN: 150,100)
V d 1: V doan thng P1P3 v duong trn c tm l dim giua P1P3, R=25
- V doan thng P1P3
Command: LINE
Specify first point: end of (Truy bt P1)
Specify next point or [Undo]: end of (Truy bt
P3) Specify next point or [Undo]:
Command: CIRCLE
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Mid of
(Truy bt M) Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <>: 25
V d 2: V doan thng P4P5 vung gc voi P1P3 (V HCN: 180,100)
Command: LINE
Specify first point: int of (Truy bt P4)
Specify next point or [Undo]: Per to (Cho
vung truy bt cham voi P1P3 d truy bt dim vung
gc P5)
P
1
P
2
P
3
P
4
R25
MID
M
END
END
P
1
P
2
P
3
P
4
R25
PER
INT
P
5
M
50
60
5
0
P
2
P
5
P
6
P
3
P
4
0
P
1
1
0
0
180
Hnh 4.11
Hnh 4.12
Hnh 4.13
47
V d 3: Thuc hin ban v sau
- V cc dung trn C1, C2, C3, C4
Command: CIRCLE (C1)
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr
(tan tan radius)]: Chon dim bt k
Specify center point for circle or
[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Cen of (Truy bt tm)
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: @120, 0
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: cen of (Truy bt
tm) Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <30.0000>: 50
- V cc dung thng P1P2
Command: LINE
Specify first point: tanto (Chon duong trn C2)
Specify next point or [Undo]: tan to (Chon duong trn C4)
- J cc dung thng P3P4: Tuong tu.
- J cc dung thng P5P6
Command: LINE
Specify first point: Qua of (Chon duong trn C2 gn P5)
Specify next point or [Undo]: Qua of (Chon duong trn
C4 gn P6) Specify next point or [Undo]:
Ch d truy bt thung tr (Lnh Osnap, Ddosnap)
Khi cn truy bt vi tr dim cua cc di tuong mt cch thuong xuyn,
ta nn su dung truy bt dim thuong truc, v khoi dng lnh chi mt ln. Ta
chon cc cch khoi dng sau:
* Trn dng Command : Ddosnap, Osnap
* Trn Menu chnh : Tools/ Draft Settings.../ Osnap
* Trn thanh trang thi : Nu chua gn ch d truy bt dim thuong truc)
thc th nhp chut phai vo OSNAP chon Settings...
Khi d xut hin hp thoai
C
1
R15
R30
R30
R50
C
2
P
3
P
4
P
5
P
1
P
2
C
3
C
4
P
6
0
1
0
2
120
QUA QUA
TAN
TAN
TAN
TAN LINE
LINE
LINE
Hnh 4.14
48
Object Snap modes: Dng d n
ch d truy bt thuong truc.
Khi c nhiu phuong thuc
truy bt thuong tr th AutoCAD
s truy bt dim no gn tm cua
vung truy bt nht.
Ch : Chon ClearAll d
thot ch d truy bt thuong truc.
La chn Options
- AutoSnap Settings
Marker: Mo hoc tt khung hnh k hiu dim truy bt (Marker). Nu su dung
phuong thuc truy bt dim th Marker s xut hin khi ta cho vung truy bt di
ngang qua dim truy bt.
Magnet: Mo hoc tt ch d Magnet. Magnet ko v giu vung truy bt voi
dim cn truy bt
Display AutoSnap toolip: Tt hoc mo khung hnh k hiu m ta tn cua vi tr
truy bt
Display Aperture Box: Mo hoc tt vung truy bt (Aperture)
AutoSnap Marker size: Diu chinh kch thuoc khung hnh k hiu dim truy bt
Aperture size: Diu chinh kch thuoc vung truy bt. Khi su dung cc
phuong thuc truy bt thuong tr kch thuoc lon nht l 20 pixels. Nu su dung
lnh Aperture th kch thuoc ny c th tng ln 50 pixels. Thng thuong l 4-8
pixels
AutoSnap Marker color: Diu chinh mu cua mn hnh.
- Bin AutoSnap
D dinh ch d AutoSnap ta c th su dung bin AutoSnap
Hnh 4.15
49
Command: Autosnap
Enter new value for AUTOSNAP <63>: Nhp gi tri cua bin
Cc gi tri cua bin bao gm:
0: Tt cc lua chon Marker, Display AutoSnap toolip, Magnet
1: Mo/ tt Marker
2: Mo/ tt Display AutoSnap toolip
3: Mo/ tt dng thoi Marker v Display AutoSnap toolip
4: Mo/ tt Magnet
5: Mo/ tt Magnet v Marker
6: Mo/ tt Display AutoSnap toolip v Magnet
7: Mo/ tt Marker, Display AutoSnap toolip, Magnet
- Lnh Aperture: D hiu chinh d lon cua vung truy bt.
III. GII THIJU MT S LJNH IEU KHIEN MN HNH
D gip ta thuc hin cc bi tp trong chuong ny d dng, chng ta khao
st mt cch khi qut hai lnh co ban diu khin mn hnh: Zoom v Pan
1. Zoom
Zoom l lnh phng to hay thu nho cc di tuong, n l loai lnh
Transparent c th khoi dng bt cu lc no ta mun bng cc cch sau:
Ch : d thot khoi lnh Zoom ban g phm Esc
* Trn thanh Standard: click vo biu tuong Zoom
* Trn dng Command: Zoom hay Z (Nu ta dang o dng lnh no cua
AutoCAD th ta dng Transparent Zoom hay Z)
* Trn Menu chnh: View\ Zoom\
Sau khi khoi dng lnh, AutoCAD yu cu:
Command: Zoom
All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Left/Previous/Vmax/Window/<Scale(x/xp)>:
Ta nhp chu ci du tin d lua chon loai Zoom
Trong d:
Zoom in: Ban nhn phm tri chut vo biu tuong ny vt th duoc phng
to ln hai ln,
Zoom out: Ban nhn phm tri chut vo biu tuong ny vt th duoc thu
nho phn nua.
All: Thu ton b cc di tuong d v (k ca cc di tuong nm ngoi pham
vi min v) v tao lai mn hnh.
Center: Phng to mn hnh voi mt tm dim voi chiu cao cua s.
* Center point: chon tm khung cua s
* Magnification or height <>: Nhp gi tri chiu cao khung cua s hoc chon 2
dim d xc dinh chiu cao. Nu sau gi tri ta nhp X, v du 2X th hnh anh s
phng to ln 2 ln.
50
Dynamic: Hin ln mn hnh hnh anh trong khung cua s m ta c th
thay di vi tr v kch thuoc. u tin, khi thuc hin lua chon ny s xut hin
khung nhn chu nht c du X o giua (cho php ta di chuyn vi tr cua khung
cua s). Mun chuyn sang ch d thay di d lon khung cua s (hoc nguoc
lai) ta nhn phm tri chut, khi d s xut hin hnh mui tn ngay canh phai cua
khung. Tip tuc di chuyn vi tr v thay di kch thuoc khung cua s dn khi no
mun phng hnh anh trong khung cua s ny ln ton b mn hnh ta chi cn
nhn phm Enter.
Extents: Phng to hoc thu nho cc di tuong ban v dn kha nng lon
nht c th, ton b di tuong v s hin ln trn mn hnh.
Previous: Phuc hi lai hnh anh cua lnh Zoom truoc d. Chuc nng ny c
th nho v phuc hi dn 10 ln.
Window: Phng to ln mn hnh phn hnh anh xc dinh boi khung cua s
hnh chu nht bng cch xc dinh hai dim (tuong tu nhu cch v hnh chu nht)
Scale (x/xp): Nhp ti l d hin ln hnh anh mong mun.
Gi tri lon hon 1: Phng to, gi tri nho hon 1: Thu nho.
* Khng c phn theo sau gi tri: C nghia l phng to hay thu nho so voi gioi
han ban v
* Theo sau gi tri l chu X (v du 2x): C nghia l phng to hay thu nho so voi
hnh anh hin hnh.
* Theo sau gi tri l XP: C nghia l phng to hay thu nho so voi gioi han ban
v trong khng gian giy (khi ta dang o trong khng gian giy)
Object: Chon hnh cn phng to dn muc cn nhn thy duoc. Di voi
chut c nt giua ban dy nt giua v pha trn phng to v nguoc lai.
2. Pan
Lnh Pan, di chuyn mn hnh, gip chng ta xem nhung chi tit cua di
tuong nm ngoi pham vi th hin cua mn hnh hin hnh, v n l loai lnh
Transparent. kch dng lnh ta chon 1 trong cc cch sau:
* Trn dng Command: Pan hay P (Nu ta dang o dng lnh no cua AutoCAD
th ta dng Transparent Pan hay P)
* Trn Menu chnh: View\ Pan\
Command: Pan
AutoCAD s dua ra biu tung cua Pan (bn tay), ta dng chut d diu
khin bn tay ny dn chi tit ta cn xem hay xu l. Di voi chut c nt giua
ban n nt giua thy xut hin bn tay ban di chuyn bnh thuong.
51
CHUONG V
LP V DANG UNG NT
Ban v AutoCAD nhu l su dt chng ln nhau cua nhung tm giy trong
sut cng kch co, mi tm th hin mt hay nhiu chi tit cua cng mt vt th,
mi tm trong sut ny AutoCAD goi l lop. i voi AutoCAD, mt ban v c
th c mt lop hay nhiu lop, cc di tuong trong cc lop c th chuyn di tu
lop ny qua lop khc. Vic tch roi ban v thnh nhiu lop c nhung loi ch sau:
- Mi nguoi c th v chi tit cua ban v trn nhung lop khc nhau.
- Xut ban v voi nhung chi tit ring, chng han mt cng trnh no d ta c th
in ban v chi c phn b tr h thng cp thot nuoc cua cng trnh nhung khng
in nhung phn khc.
- Mi lop c th th hin mu khc nhau, cung nhu duong nt khc nhau.
- AutoCAD khng gioi han so lop trn mot ban ve (toi da 32767 lop).
I. LP LAYERS
D xy dung lop bao gm dt tn lop, mu, loai duong nt v cc tnh
cht cua lop ta c th chon mt trong nhung cch sau:
* Trn dng Command: Ddlmodes hay Layer hay La
* Trn Menu chnh: Format\ Layers...
Sau khi kch dng lnh AutoCAD mo hp thoai Layer Properties Manger.
Hnh 5.1. Layer Properties Manger (2007)
52
1. To lp mi
Tu hp thoai Layer Properties Manger ta thuc hin nhu sau:
Nhp nt New trong hp thoai hnh s xut hin soan thao Layer 1 tai ct
Name duoi lop 0.
Nhp tn lop moi vo soan thao. Tn lop ti da khng qu 31 k tu.
K tu c th l s, chu ... Nhung khng duoc c khoang trng.
Nu cn tao nhiu lop cng mt lc ta nhp cc tn lop cch nhau boi du phy
(,). AutoCAD tu dng sp xp theo thu tu A, B, C, D,...
2. Gn lp hin hnh
Lop hin hnh l lop khi ta tao vt th n s nm trn lop ny, Default cua
AutoCAD l lp 0.
D dua lop c sn l lop hin hnh ta chi cn chon tn lop sau d click vo lop
ta chon.
Hnh 5.3. Hop thoai Layer)
I.3. Thay di mu cua lp (Layer Color)
D thay di mu cho mt lop no d, truoc tin ta s chon lop d, sau d
ta nhp vo mu cua lop s xut hin hp thoai Select Colors nhu hnh trn.
Theo hp hi thoai ny, ta c th gn mu no d cho lop m ta ung . C tng
Set Current
Delete Layer
New Layer
53
cng 256 mu, nhung ta nn chon cc mu tiu chun c s thu tu tu 1 dn 7
(red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, magenta, white) cho d nho.
Khi mu cua lop thay di th chi c cc di tuong nm trong ByLayer cua
lop ny moi thay di theo mu moi cn cc di tuong nm trong ByColor vn
giu nguyn mu cua n (mc d n vn nm trong lop ta vua thay di mu).
I.4. Gn dng dung cho lp (Linetypes Layers)
D gn dang duong cho lop, ta nhp vo tn dang duong cua lop, khi d
s xut hin hp hi thoai Select Linetype nhu hnh
Hnh 5.5. Select linetype
Du tin trong ban v chi c mt loai duong duy nht l duong lin tuc
(Continuous). nhp cc dang duong khc vo trong ban v ta su dung nt
Load trong hp thoai Select linetype d mo hp thoai Load or Reload Linetypes.
CLICK
54
Hnh 5.6. Select Linetype
Ta chon nhung dang duong cn thit v tai vo ban v (giu Ctrl v click
chut tri vo dang duong nt cn chon) chon OK.
I.5. Kim sot s th hin cua lp
I.5.1. Tt/ Mo lp
Ta c th tt hay mo 1 lop no d khi cn thit. Khi mt lop bi tt, cc di
tuong trong lop ny s khng duoc th hin ln mn hnh v cung khng duoc
in ra giy.
D tt/ mo lop no d ta thuc hin mt trong cc cch sau:
- Trong hp thoai Layer Properties Manager: chon On (mo) hay Off (tt).
- Tu thanh cng cu Object Properties: click vo biu tuong bng dn, dn chy
sng (lop duoc mo), nguoc lai dn tt (lop bi tt).
Hnh 5.7. Layer Properties Manager
Ch : Cc di tuong trong lop bi tt s khng in duoc ra giy.
I.5.2. ng cng v Lm tan bng cua mt Layer cho tt ca cc khung nhn
(Freeze/ Thaw)
55
D dng bng (Freeze) v lm tan bng (Thaw) lop trn tt ca khung nhn
(viewports), ta dua chut vo vi tr c dang hnh trn sng (trang thi Freeze) C
mu xm trang thi (Thaw) Cc di tuong cua lop dng bng khng th hin
trn mn hnh v ta khng th hiu chinh duoc cc di tuong ny.
Hnh 5.8.
Ch : Lop hin hnh khng th dng bng
I.5.3. ng cng v Lm tan bng lp trn khung nhn hin hnh (Current
Vport)
D dng (Freeze) v lm tan bng (Thaw) lop trn khung nhn hin hnh
ta nhp chut tri vo biu tuong trang thi Freeze/Thaw (vi tr thu hai)
Ch : Cc di tuong trong lop bi dng bng s khng in duoc ra giy
I.5.4. Kha v mo kha cho lp (Lock/ Unlock)
D kha v mo kha cho lop, ta nhp vo biu tuong trang thi
Lock/Unlock. i tuong cua Layer bi kha s khng hiu chinh duoc; tuy nhin
ta vn thy trn mn hnh v c th in chng ra giy.
Hnh 5.9.
I.5.5. Th hin tn lp trong hp thoi Layer Properties Manager
Khi lm vic voi ban v c s luong lon cc lop, di hoi nhiu thoi gian
d tm kim cc lop trong hp thoai Layer Properties Manager. AutoCAD cung
cp cho ta mt hp thoai goi l hp thoai Layer Filters Properties d gip ta loc
danh sch cc lop cn th hin ln trn hp thoai Layer Properties Manager (k
ca vic th hin trn mn hnh lm vic).
dng bng
Khng dng
D kho
56
D mo duoc hp thoai ny, ta chon biu tuong New Property Filter trong
hp thoai Layer Properties Manager.
Hnh 5.11. Layer filter chinh1 (ch1,ch2,ch3)
Hnh 5.12. Layer filter chinh2 (ch4,ch5,ch6).
Th hin loc cc lop nhu hnh, nhm muc dch quan l cc lop thun tin
hon: Nhu n, dng bng, trn mn hnh lm vic.
57
II. DANG UNG NT (LINETYPE)
Khi chon Linetype trn hp thoai Layer Properties Manager s xut hin
trang Linetype nhu hnh duoi dy.
Hnh 5.13. Linetype
D nhp cc dang duong vo trong ban v, ta chon nt Load... Khi d
xut hin hp thoai Load or Reload Linetypes.
Hnh 5.14. Linetype
Trn hp thoai ny, ta chon cc dang duong cn thit (hoc ta chon cc
dang file *.lin tai nt chon File... c sn cua AutoCAD) v nhn phm OK
Hnh 5.15. Linetype
58
II.1. Gn chiu rng nt in
Chon LineWeight trong hop thoai Layer Properties Manager
II.2. Thanh cng c Properties
Trong AutoCad thanh cng cu ny duoc mc dinh trn vng d hoa.
Hnh 5.17. Thanh cng cu Properties
Trn thanh cng cu ny ban chon dang duong nt, mu duong nt, b dy
nt in.
Hnh 5.18. Thanh cng cu Properties
59
II.3. Thanh cng c Layer
Hnh 5.19. Thanh cng cu Layer.
Nt Make Objects Layer Current Dng chon nhanh mt lop no d ban
mun gn lm lop hin hnh (chon mu thun tin nht)
Ex: Trong lop hin hnh l ch1 (mu vng). Sau khi click vo biu tuong
Make Objects Layer Current V chon mu xanh l (mu th hin lop ch6).
Hnh 5.20.
- Layer Previous
Khi click vo biu tuong ny th hin tun tu cc lop d hin hnh.
Hnh 5.21
60
CHUONG VI
KY THUAT HIJU CHINH CO BAN
D hiu chinh mt di tuong trong ban v AutoCAD vic du tin l ban
chon di tuong cn hiu chinh. AutoCAD tro gip cho ban 1 b chi dinh di
tuong (Object Selection Settings) voi 6 phuong php khc nhau duoc AutoCAD
kim sot. Truoc khi di vo hiu chinh di tuong cua ban v, chng ta di su vo
chi tit cua b chi dinh di tuong cua AutoCAD.
I. CHI JNH I TUNG
I.1. Hp thoi Options the Selection
AutoCAD cung cp cho chng ta nhung hnh thuc chi dinh di tuong nhu
duoi dy:
- Noun/ Verb Selection: chi dinh di tuong truoc, pht lnh sau.
- Use Shift to Add: khi chon di tuong moi, di tuong d duoc chon s bi tru di.
Nu mun chon thm di tuong moi (dng thoi vn giu di tuong cu) phai nhn
thm phm Shift.
- Press and Drag: c th chon di tuong bng phuong php Windows hay
Crossing bng cch nhn chut v ko tao khung cua s.
- Implied Windowing: chon di tuong bng phuong php Crossing hay
Windows bng cch dinh dim du tin khung cua s bn phai hay tri.
- Object Grouping: cho php nhm di tuong thnh Group.
- Assosiative Hatch: mt ct lin kt voi duong bao (boundary) tao thnh mt
di tuong, tuong tu nt Hatch cua hp thoai Drawing Aids.
Tt ca nhung hnh thuc chi dinh trn thng qua hp hoai thoai Object.
Selection Settings nhu hnh trn.
D mo hp thoai Object Selection Settings ta thuc hin mt trong nhung
cch sau:
+ Trn dng Command: Ddselect
+ Trn Menu chnh: Tools\Options/chon the Selection..
61
I.2. Pickbox Size
Thay di kch thuoc cua con chay (Cursor), tuong tu bin PICKBOX.
II. CC KY THUAT HIJU CHINH
Mt ban v hon chinh trong AutoCAD thng thuong tri qua hai giai
doan co ban:
- Giai doan du tao di tuong
- Giai doan sau hiu chinh cc di tuong.
AutoCAD cung cp cho ta mt s lnh hiu chinh co ban, ty truong hop
ta su dung, nhu: Undo, Erase, Move, Copy, Stretch, Offset, Rotate, Mirror,
Scale, Break, Trim, Extend ...
II.1. Lnh Move
Lnh Move dng d thay di vi tr di tuong,
truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
- Nhp vo tu dng Command: Move hoc M (c th chon truc tip trn thanh
Modify)
Command: Move
Select objects: Chon di tuong cn doi
Select objects: Tip tuc chon di tuong hoc n Enter d kt thc lua
chon, cc di tuong lua chon c dang duong dut.
Specify base point or displacement: Chon dim chun hay nhp khoang cch
doi: c th dng phm chon cua chut, cc phuong php truy bt dim, toa d
tuyt di, tuong di, cuc tuong di
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: Dim
m cac di tuong doi dn: c th dng phm chon cua chut, cc phuong php
truy bt dim, toa d tuyt di, tuong di, cuc tuong di
- Dim Specify base point v Specify second point of displacement c th chon
bt k.
- Mun doi di tuong cn vi tr chnh xc Specify base point v Specify second
point of displacement ta dng cc phuong thuc truy bt dim.
II.2. Lnh Rotate
Lnh Rotate dng d quay di tuong theo mt gc no d. Truy xut lnh
bng cc cch sau:
- Nhp vo tu dng Command : Rotate hay Ro (c th chon truc tip trn thanh
Modify)
62
Command: Ro
Select objects: Chon di tuong d quay
Base point: Dinh tm quay
<Rotate angle>/ Reference: Dinh gc quay, nu chon Reference (g Re),
AutoCAD dua ra tip dng lnh
- Reference angle <0>: Nhp gc tham khao
- New angle: Nhp gc moi (gc quay s bng hiu gc moi & gc tham khao)
Rotation angle =45
0 Rotation angle =90
0
II.3. Lnh Scale
Lnh Scale dng d thay di kch thuoc di tuong theo mt ti l no d.
Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
* Nhp vo tu dng Command: Scale
Command: Scale
Select objects: Chon di tuong cn thay di ti l.
Base point: Dinh dim co ban.
<Scale factor>/ Reference: nhp h s ti l, nu g Re,AutoCAD s dua tip
dng lnh:
Reference length <1>: Nhp vo chiu di tham khao.
New length: Nhp chiu di moi d AutoCAD tnh h s ti l.
II.4. Lnh Trim
Lnh Trim dng d ct bot nhung phn thua (khng cn thit hay v du)
cua di tuong tai mt phng ct. Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
- Nhp vo tu dng Command: Trim hoc Tr
Command: Tr
Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None
Select cutting edges : Xc dinh di tuong dng lm mt phng ct.
Select objects: tip tuc xc dinh mt phng ct.
Select objects: 1 found.
Select objects: 1 found, 2 total.
Select objects: 1 found, 3 total.
(nu khng th <Select object to trim>/Project/Edge/Undo: Chon phn ta mun
ct bo cua di tuong, nu ta khng thuc hin lnh Trim, chon U (Undo) Select
objects: sau khi chon cc mt xong Enter. (chon cc mt, duong,...cn ct)
Ex
63
Command: Rectang
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]:
Command: C
Specify first end point of circle's diameter:
Command: C
CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <42.0092>:
Command: Trim
Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None
Select cutting edges ...
Select objects: 1 found
Select objects: 1 found, 2 total
Select objects: 1 found, 3 total
Select objects:
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]:
II.5. Lnh Break
Lnh Break ging nhu lnh Trim cung duoc dng d ct mt phn di
tuong nhung khng cn di tuong lm mt phng ct. Truy xut lnh bng cc
cch sau:
Nhp vo tu dng Command: Break hoc Br
Command: Br
Select object: Chon di tuong d ct.
Enter second point (or F for first point): Chon dim thu hai d ct v AutoCAD
s hiu vi tr ta chon di tuong l dim thu nht; hoc ta chon F d dinh lai dim
ct thu nht, lc d AutoCAD s mo ra dng lnh:
Enter first point: Dinh dim ct thu nht.
Enter second point: Dinh dim ct thu hai.
II.6. Lnh Extend
Lnh Extend gip ta c th ko di di tuong toi cc mt phng dinh
truoc. Lnh ny chi c tc dung di voi nhung di tuong ho (Opened Objects)
khng c tc dung di voi di tuong khp kn (Closed Objects) (hnh chu nht,
duong trn chng han). Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
Nhp vo tu dng Command : Extend hoc Ex
64
Command: Extend
Select boundary edges: (Projmode = UCS, Edgemode = No extend)
Select objects: Chon di tuong lm mt phng s ko di dn
<Select object to extend>/Project/Edge/Undo: chon pha di tuong mun ko
di
Nu chon U: s khng thuc hin lnh ko di
II.7. Lnh Stretch
Lnh Stretch dng d co dn di tuong theo mt phuong no d, truy xut
lnh bng cc cch sau:
Nhp vo tu dng Command: Stretch
Command: Stretch
Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or crossing-polygon...
Select objects: Chon cc di tuong theo phuong php Crossing
Select objects: An Enter d kt thc vic lua chon
Specify base point or displacement: Chon dim chun hay khoang doi
tuong tu lnh Move.
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as
displacement>: Dim doi dn, nu cho khoang doi th n Enter.
Tuy thuc vo cc di tung duc chn ta c cc trung hp sau:
1. Cc doan thng giao voi khung cua s chon duoc ko gin ra hoc co lai,
cung trn duoc doi di.
Second point of displacement: @20,0
2. Cung trn duoc ko gin v doan thng ngang bi ko co lai
3. Doan dung duoc doi, hai doan nm ngang duoc ko gin
65
Ch : lnh Stretch chi thi hnh di vi di tung cui cng (nu ta chn
cng lc nhiu di tuong.
II.8. Lnh Lengthen
Lnh Lengthen gip ta c th ko di hay rt ngn chiu di di tuong
(doan thng hay cung trn) m khng cn dng mt phng ko di hay mt
phng ct. Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
- Nhp vo tu dng Command: Lengthen hoc Len
Command: Len
DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic/<Select object>:
Trong d:
<Select object>: Chon di tuong cn hiu chinh
Current length: Th hin gi tri hin hnh cua di tuong
- DE (Delta). Thay di chiu di di tuong bng cch dua vo khoang tng. Gi
tri khoang tng m th lm giam kch thuoc, gi tri khoang cch tng duong lm
tng kch thuoc. Khi dp DE sau dng nhc s xut hin dng nhc phu
Enter delta length or [Angle] <0.0000>: Nhp khoang tng hoc dp A d chon
khoang thay di gc o tm.
Sau khi nhp gi tri khoang tng xut hin dng nhc
Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chon di tuong cn thay di kch thuoc.
Dng nhc trn duoc xut hin lin tuc, khi mun kt thc lnh ta nhp Enter.
- P (Percent): Thay di chiu di di tuong theo phn trm so voi tng chiu di
hin hnh. Khi >100% th chiu di di tuong duoc tng ln, nguoc lai <100%
th chiu di giam xung
Enter percentage length <145.0000>: Nhp gi tri
Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chon di tuong cn thay di kch thuoc
66
- T (Total): Dng thay di tng chiu di cau mt di tuong hoc gc m cung
theo gi tri
moi dua vo
Specify total length or [Angle] <1.0000)>: Nhp gi tri hoc A d chon gc.
Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chon di tuong cn thay di kch thuoc.
- Dynamic: Thay di chiu rng cua di tuong (tuc l dng con tro chut dinh
vi tr co hay dn chiu di di tuong trn mn hnh)
III. CC LJNH TR GIP
III.1. Xo di tung (Erase)
Lnh Erase gip ta xa nhung di tuong khng cn thit hay v khng
nhu , thuc hin lnh bng mt trong nhung cch sau:
Nhp vo tu dng Command: Erase hoc E
Chon di tuong cn xa click chut phai chon erase
Command: E
Select objects: chon di tuong d xa
D phuc hi di tuong d bi xa sau cng, ta c th dng lnh Undo hay Oops
III.2. Lnh Oops
Lnh Oops gip ta phuc hi lai cc di tuong d bi xa sau cng, truy
xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
Nhp vo tu dng Command: Oops
III.3. Lnh Undo
Lnh Undo dng d huy bo ln luot cc lnh d thuc hin truoc d. Truy
xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
67
Nhp vo tu dng Command: Undo
Command: Undo
Auto/ Control/ BEgin/ End/ Mark/ Back/<number>
<number>: Nhp s ln Undo
Auto: Nu l On th cc di tuong duoc v trong mi lnh xem nhu l mt
nhm. V du cc doan thng v bng mt lnh Line s duoc huy bo boi mt ln
Undo
Control : lua chon ny diu khin vic thuc hin cc lua chon cua lnh
Undo. Khi nhp C, xut hin dng nhc: All/ None/ One <All>, trong d:
All : Thuc hin tt ca cc lua chon cua lnh Undo.
One : Chi huy bo mt lnh vua thuc hin truoc d.
None : Khng th thuc hin vic huy bo cc lnh cua AutoCAD.
BEgin : Dng lua chon ny dnh du lnh du cua nhm lnh, lnh ny
phai kt hop voi End.
End : Kt hop voi BEgin, lua chon ny dnh du lnh cui cua nhm
lnh v sau d ta c th xa boi mt buoc thuc hin.
Mark : Dnh du lnh AutoCAD vua thuc hin m sau ny ta c th tro
v bng lua chon Back.
Back : Huy bo cc lnh d thuc hin dn ln dnh du (Mark) gn nht,
nu khng dnh du Mark th AutoCAD s xa tt ca cc lnh d thuc hin
truoc d.
III.4. Lnh Redo
Lnh Redo dng sau lnh Undo d phuc hi mt lnh vua huy truoc d.
Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
Nhp vo tu dng Command: Redo
III.5. Lnh Redraw
Lnh Redraw dng d xa cc du + (goi l cc Blipmode) trn mn hnh
Command: Redraw hoc R
III.6. Ty xa cc di tung tha (lnh Purge)
Lnh Purge cho php ta ty xa nhung di tuong thua (Block, Layer,
Linetype, Shape, Text Style...) trong mt ban v. Truy xut lnh bng cch sau:
Trn dng Command: Purge hay Pu.
Gia su ta cn xa lop TRUC c sn trn ban v hin hnh, khi d ta s thuc hin
nhu sau:
Command: Purge hay Pu
Purge unused
Blocks/Dimstyles/LAyers/LTypes/SHapes/STyles/Mlinestyles/All: La
Names to purge <*>:
Verify each name to be purged? <Y>
Purge layer TRUC? <N> y
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CHUONG VII
CC LJNH V NHANH
I. Lnh Offset
Lnh Offset dng d tao di tuong moi song song voi di tuong d chon
theo mt khoang cch no d. Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
Nhp vo tu dng Command: Offset hoc O
1- La chn Offset distance
Command: O
- Specify offset distance or [Through] <20.0000>: Nhp vo khoang cch giua
hai di tuong hay dng chut chon dim thu nht v dim thu hai d ACAD tu
tnh khoang cch.
- Select object to offset or <exit>: Chon di tuong d tao di tuong song song
voi n
- Specify point on side to offset: Chon pha cn tao di tuong moi song song
- Select object to offset or <exit>: Tip tuc chon di tuong hay n Enter d kt
thc.
Line Pline
2- La chn Through
Command: OFFSET
Specify offset distance or [Through]: T
Select object to offset or <exit>: Chon di tuong d tao di tuong song song
Specify through point: Truy bt dim m di tuong moi duoc tao ra s di qua
Select object to offset or <exit>: Chon di tuong khc hoc Enter d kt thc
lnh.
Sau khi v xong dng lnh trim.
Ch : Lnh Offset s khng hiu qua di voi di tuong l Points, Block
v Text.
II. Lnh Fillet
Lnh Fillet gip ta v ni tip hai doan thng (hay doan thng voi cung
trn hoc ca hai du l cung trn) boi mt cung trn theo bn knh m ta dinh
sn. Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
Nhp vo tu dng Command: Fillet
Command: Fillet
Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.0000
Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple]: Chon di tuong l
Line, Circle, Arc hoc phn doan cua Pline v chon gn vi tr Fillet
Select second object: Chon di tuong 2 gn vi tr Fillet
69
Ta c th su dung lnh Fillet voi R=0 d ko di hoc xn cc di tuong
giao nhau.
Radius (R): Nhp R d chon bn knh
Specify fillet radius <0.0000>: Nhp gi tri bn knh hay chon hai dim
v khoang cch giua hai dim ny l bn knh R, gi tri R duoc tro thnh mc
dinh cho nhung ln Fillet sau.
Voi truong hop hai duong thng song song, ta khng cn nhp gi
tri bn knh v bn knh l mt nua khoang cch giua hai duong song song.
Polyline: nu doan thng ta cn bo cung thuc polyline, chon tuy chon
ny AutoCAD s tu dng bo tt ca cc doan thng ni tip nhau (dinh l giao
dim cua hai phn doan thng) trong polyline boi cc cung c bn knh dinh
truoc.
Trim: chon ty chon ny, AutoCAD s dua ra dng lnh
Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim] <Trim>: chon T, sau khi bo cung
2 di tuong s tu dng ct bo doan thua tai cc dim tip xc hoc kodi dn,
chon N s khng ko di hoc khng ct di tai cc dim tip xc voi cung ni.
Truoc Fillet Sau Fillet chon Trim Sau Fillet chon No trim
70
MUltiple: sau khi thuc hin xong ln 1 tip tuc thuc hin lnh Fillet, nhn
Enter khi kt thc
III. Lnh Chamfer
Lnh Chamfer dng d tao mt doan xin giua hai doan thng hay ni
khc di l vt mp hai doan thng. Trnh tu thuc hin lnh Chamfer tuong tu
lnh Fillet. ruy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
Nhp vo tu dng Command : Chamfer
Command: Chamfer
(NOTRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 0.0000, Dist2 = 0.0000
Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/mUltiple]: Mc dinh
l chon doan thu nht
Select second line : Chon doan thu hai
Polyline : Tuong tu nhu Fillet
Distance : Dng lua chon ny d nhp gi tri hai khoang cch (tu
dim giao nhau cua hai doan thng cn Chamfer dn hai dim ni cua duong
xin voi hai doan thng)
Angle : Lua chon ny cho php ta nhp gi tri khoang cch thu
nht v gc cua duong vt mp hop voi duong thu nht.
Trim : Tuong tu lnh Fillet.
Method : Chon mt trong hai phuong php Distance v Angle
Multiple : Tuong tu lnh Fillet.
Ch :
- Khi thuc hin lnh Chamfer v Fillet ta c th chon mt di tuong don v mt
phn doan cua da tuyn.
- Ta khng thuc hin lnh Chamfer v Fillet voi hai di tuong l hai phn doan
cua cc pline khc nhau, mun thuc hin lnh chng ta phai dng lnh. Explode
d ph v mt trong hai pline thnh cc di tuong don sau d thuc hin lnh.
IV.Lnh Copy
Lnh Copy dng d sao chp di tuong, truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
Nhp vo tu dng Command: Copy hoc Co
Command: Copy
71
Select objects: Chon di tuong
<Base point or displacement>/ Multiple: Mc dinh l chon dim co ban d copy,
nu mun copy tu di tuong d thnh nhiu di tuong khc ta chon M
Second point of displacement: dinh dim dn
V. Lnh Mirror
Lnh Mirror dng d tao di tuong moi di xung voi di tuong chi dinh
qua mt truc no d. Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
Nhp vo tu dng Command: Mirror hoc Mi
Command: Mi
Select objects: Chon cc di tuong d thuc php di xung (c nt dut) Select
objects: An Enter d kt thc vic lua chon.
Specify first point of mirror line: Chon dim thu nht cua truc di xung.
Specify second point of mirror line: Chon dim thu hai cua truc di xung.
Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>: Xa di tuong duoc chon hay khng?
Dp N nu khng mun xo, dp Y nu mun xo.
Ch : i voi di tuong l Text:
Nu mun di tuong sau khi Mirror l di tuong di xung cua Text d
chon, ta phai dt bin h thng MirrText = 1.
Nu mun di tuong sau khi Mirror vn giu nguyn trt tu chu, ta cho bin h
thng MirrText = 0 (dng lnh Setvar).
VI. Array
Lnh Array dng d sao chp cc di tuong duoc chon thnh dy hnh
chu nht (Rectangular array) hay sp xp xung quanh tm (Polar array) v cc
dy ny uoc sp xp cch du nhau. Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:
Nhp vo tu dng Command: Array hoc Ar
1. Rectangular Array
Dng d sao chp di tuong duoc chon thnh dy c s hng v s
72
ct nht dinh. Command: Array . Xut hin hp thoai
Chon Rectangular Array.
Kch chut vo nt Select objects, xut hin dng lnh.
Select objects : chon cc di tuong cn sao chp.
Select objects : nhn hoc nhn Enter d kt thc vic chon. Sau khi chon xong
quay tro lai hp thoai trn. Tai lua chon:
- Rows : Dinh s hng mun sao chp.
- Columns : Dinh s ct mun sao chp.
- Row offset : Nhp khoang cch giua cc hng.
- Row offset : Nhp khoang cch giua cc ct.
An OK d kt thc lnh
Ch : Ta c th nhp khoang cch dui dng phn s.
2. Polar Array
Lua chon ny dng d tao cc dy sp xp xung quanh mt tm
Command: Array
Chon Polar Array
Kch chut vo nt Select objects, xut hin dng lnh
Select objects : Chon cc di tuong cn sao chp
Select objects : Nhn hoc nhn Enter d kt thc vic chon. Sau
khi chon xong quay tro lai hp thoai trn. Tai lua chon:
73
Center point: Chon tm cua dy theo toa d X, Y
Trong hp thoai Method ta c th chon hai trong ba lua chon.
- Total Number of Item: Xc lp tng s phn tu trong mang vua tao ra k ca
phn tu ban dang tao mang.
- Angle to Fill: Xc lp s d m mang tao nn. V du tao mang bao quanh nua
vng trn, xc lp
180
0
. Gc din vo gi tri m s cng chiu kim dng h, gc c gi tri duong s
nguoc chiu kim dng h.
- Angle Between Item: Xc lp s d giua mi phn tu trong mang.
Chon Rotate Item as Copied d xoay cc di tuong m ban dang tao mang, huy
chon hp ny nu khng xoay chng.
An OK d kt thc lnh.
VII. HIJU CHINH I TUNG VI GRIPS ( nho)
Trong AutoCAD ta c th thuc hin cc lnh hiu chinh: Stretch, Mirror,
Move, Copy, Scale, Rotate ... bng cch dng GRIPS. GRIPS l cc vung
tuong tu nhu cc vung truy bt, ta c th dng GRIPS thay th cc phuong
php truy bt dim. Kiu (xp du xung quanh tm).
Lnh Ddgrips v cc bin diu khin Grips
Ty thuc vo bin Grips l ON hay OFF ta c th dng Grips d hiu
chinh di tuong. Ta c th dinh bin ny v thay di kch thuoc cung nhu thay
Kiu
(xp du xung
quanh tm)
74
di mu cua Grips bng hp thoai Grips. lm xut hin hp thoai ny ta c
th g truc tip lnh Ddgrips hoc chon trn Menu chnh: Tools\Grips...
Trong d:
Enable Grips : Chon mo Grips
Enable Grips Within Blocks: Tt ca di tuong cua Block du xut hin du Grips
nu trnh ny duoc chon, nguoc lai du Grips chi xut hin tai dim chn khi.
Unselected... : Mu cua Grips khi ta chon di tuong.
Selected : Mu cua Grips khi ta lm nng (HOT) v chun bi thuc hin
lnh hiu chinh.
Grips Size : Kch thuoc Grips.
1. Chn di tung vi Grips
Khi di tuong duoc chon v trn dng Command khng c bt ky lnh
no hin din th cc du Grips (Unselected...) s xut hin trn di tuong d v
cc di tuong duoc chon ny s tro thnh duong khut.
2. Su dng ch d Grips
Hoc khi Grips dang o trang thi HOT nu ta click phm phai chut, ta c
mt menu th thuc hin cc lnh hiu chinh nhu Stretch, Move, Rotate, Scale,
Mirror.
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CHUONG VIII.
KY THUAT V NNG CAO
I. POINT
Lnh Point duoc dng cho nhiu muc dch khc nhau nhu: dinh vi di
tuong, giao dim, vi tr duong tim... trong truong hop ny xem Point l mt di
tuong cua AutoCAD, thuc hin lnh bng cch:
Nhp vo tu dng Command : Point ( hoc Po )
Trn Menu chnh: chon Draw\Point\Single Point
Command: Point
Point: chi dinh dim
Ta cung c th thay di kch c v hnh dang cua Point bng cch dng lnh
Ddptype nhu sau:
Nhp vo tu dng Command: Ddptype
Trn Menu chnh: chon Format\Point Style...
Sau khi kch dng lnh Ddptype, AutoCAD s mo hp thoai Point Style nhu
hnh.
Trong d:
- Min trn cng: L hnh dang Point
- Point Size: Kch c Point
- Set Size Relative to Screen: Kch c tuong di so voi m hnh (theo % so voi
mn hnh).
- Set Size inAbsolute Units: Dinh kch thuoc tuyt di cua dim (theo don vi v)
II. DIVIDE
Lnh DIVIDE dng d chia cc di tuong (line, arc, circle, pline, ...)
thnh cc doan c chiu di bng nhau. Tai cc dim chia cua di tuong s xut
hin mt dim. goi lnh DIVIDE, thuc hin theo cch sau:
Nhp vo dng Command: Divide (hoc Div).
Trn Menu chnh: Chon Draw\Point\Divide
Duong trn duoc chia thnh 7 doan:
Trn Menu mn hnh: Chon chon Draw\Point\Measure
Duong Sopyline duoc chia theo d di cho truoc th du bng 40
Command: Div
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Select object to divide: Chon di tuong mun chia doan.
<Number of segments>/ Block: Mc dinh l dinh s doan cn chia, nu nhp B
tuc l cn chn mt khi (Block) vo cc dim chia. Khi d AutoCAD dua tip
cc dng nhc sau:
Block name to insert: Nhp tn khi cn chn.
Align block with object?<Y>: Mun quay di tuong khi chn, nu chon Y,
AutoCAD dua tip dng nhc sau:
Numbers of segment: S doan cn chia.
Vic th hin hnh dang v kch c cua Point hon ton tuong tu nhu lnh Point
trong phn I cua chuong ny.
III. MEASURE
Lnh Mesure cung tuong tu nhu lnh Divide, nhung thay v phn chia di
tuong thnh nhung doan bng nhau theo s doan cho truoc nhu lnh Divide,
lnh Mesure s phn chia di tung ra lm nhiu don theo d di cho
truc. Thuc hin lnh bng cch:
Nhp vo tu dng Command : Measure (hoc Me)
Trn Menu chnh: chon Draw\Point\Measure
Command: Me
Select object to measure: chon di tuong mun phn chia theo s do
<Segment length>/ Block : mc dinh l chon chiu di doan, nu chon B tuc l
cn chn Block vo dim chia Khi d AutoCAD dua tip cc dng nhc sau:
Block name to insert : nhp tn khi cn chn
Align block with object?<Y> : mun quay di tuong khi chn, nu chon Y,
AutoCAD dua tip dng nhc sau:
Segment length : chiu di doan cn chia.
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IV. DONUT
Lnh Donut v hnh vnh khn, ging nhu v duong trn c chiu rng.
Lnh Donut c dung knh trong v dung knh ngoi. Khi:
- uong knh trong = duong knh ngoi: Ta c duong trn
- uong knh trong < duong knh ngoi: Ta c duong trn, chiu rng l hiu
hai duong knh.
- uong knh trong = duong knh ngoi: Ta c hnh trn.
Thuc hin lnh Donut bng cch:
Nhp vo tu dng Command : Donut (hoc Doughnut)
Trn Menu chnh: Chon Draw\Donut
Command: Donut
Inside diameter <gi tri mc dinh> nhp duong knh trong
Outside diameter <gi tri mc dinh>: nhp duong knh ngoi
Center of doughnut: dinh tm cua hnh vnh khuyn
Donut c th duc t mu hay chi gch cho ty thuc vo trng thi ON
(hnh 6.4) hay OFF (hnh 6.5) cua lnh Fill
Command: Fill
ON/<OFF>: ON
V. RAY (TIA)
Lnh Ray dng d tao duong dung hnh (Construction Line hay CL). Ray
duoc gioi han mt du cn du kia v tn, khng bi anh huong boi gioi han v
(Limits), khi Zoom... Thuc hin lnh bng cch:
Nhp vo dng Command: Ray
Trn Menu chnh: Chon Draw\Ray
Command: Ray
From point: Dim bt du cua Ray, dim 1 o hnh
Through point: Dim xc dinh huong cua Ray, dim 2 hnh
Through point: Tip tuc tao huong khc hay enter d kt thc lnh
VI. XLINE
Lnh Xline, tuong tu nhu lnh Ray, cung duoc dng d tao duong dung
hnh nhung Xline l duong thng khng c dim du v dim cui. Nu bi ct
mt du, Xline s tro thnh Ray. Nu ct ca hai du, Xline s tro thnh Line.
Thuc hin lnh Xline bng cch:
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Nhp vo dng Command: Xline (hay Xl)
Trn Menu chnh: Chon Draw\Construction Line
Command: Xl
XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]:
Trong d:
* Hor: Tao Xline nm ngang. Chon ty chon ny, AutoCAD s dua ra tip dng
nhc Through point: Chon dim m duong nm ngang Xline s di qua.
* Ver: Tao Xline thng dung. Chon ty chon ny, AutoCAD s dua ra tip dng
nhc Through point: chon dim m duong thng dung Xline s di qua.
* Ang: Chon gc nghing cho duong Xline. Chon ty chon ny,
AutoCAD s dua ra tip dng nhc sau:
Enter angle of xline (0) or [Reference]:
- Mc dinh l nhp gc nghing so voi duong nm ngang, AutoCAD dua ra
dng nhc Through point: chon dim m duong xin Xline s di qua.
- Nu nhp R: Th ta chon duong tham chiu v nhp gc nghing so voi duong
tham chiu ny Select a line object: Chon duong tham chiu
Enter angle < > : Nhp gc nghing so voi duong tham chiu
* Bisect: Tao Xline trng voi duong phn gic duoc xc dinh boi ba dim: Dim
thu nht: Xc dinh dinh cua gc; dim thu hai v thu ba:
xc dinh gi tri gc. Chon ty chon ny AutoCAD s dua ra cc dng nhc sau
XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: nu nhp B
Specify angle vertex point: Chon dim lm dinh gc
Specify angle start point: Chon canh thu nht cua gc
Specify angle end point: Chon canh thu hai cua gc
* Offset: Tao Xline song song voi mt duong c sn. Chon ty chon ny
AutoCAD s dua ra nhng dng nhc sau
XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: o
Specify offset distance or [Through] <50.0000>: Nhp khoang cch
Select a line object: Chon canh m Xline s song song
Specify side to offset: Chon huong cua duong song song
Select a line object: Tip tuc chon hay enter d kt thc lnh
VII. SKETCH
Lnh Sketch dng d v phc thao bng tay. Khi v s hin ln cc doan
thng ngn lin tuc theo su di chuyn cua con chay. Dng lnh ny dung luong
ban v rt lon v AutoCAD phai quan l nhiu di tuong hon.
Thuc hin lnh bng cch:
Command : Sketch
Record increament <1.0000>: Nhp gi tri mi doan thng nho (bm chut v v).
Sketch. Pen eXit Quit Record Erase Connect. <Pen down> <Pen up>
Trong d:
Record increament: Quyt dinh d min cua hnh v. Gi tri mc dinh l 1.0000.
Gi tri ny cng nho th dung luong ban v cng lon. Khi v tu do voi lnh
79
Sketch th Snap v Ortho phai tt d hnh v khng bi gy khc Sketch: Gm c
Pen v Record.
* Pen : Gm Pen down v Pen up. Pen down: v, Pen up: khng v. Chuyn
di qua lai 2 chuc nng ny bng click nt tri chut .
* Record : Ghi tt ca cc duong v phc tam thoi truoc d thnh duong c dinh.
Sau khi ghi, cc duong ny khng th hiu chinh voi cc lua chon cua Sketch.
* Exit : Ghi tt ca cc duong tam d v v thot khoi lnh Sketch.
* Quit : Cho php thot khoi lnh Sketch v bo tt ca nhung duong d v.
* Erase : Cho php xa mt cch chon loc tu vi tr bt ky cua duong cho dn
cui, nhung khng xa duoc cc duong d Record.
* Connect : Cho php ni cc duong d phc thao sau khi nhc bt Lin quan toi
lnh Sketch c bin SKPOLY.
SKPOLY = 0: Cc doan thng l cc di tuong line ring bit.
SKPOLY = 1: Cc doan thng ni kt lai thnh mt duong lin tuc.
VIII. POLYLINES (A TUYEN)
1. V Polylines
Lnh Pline thuc hin nhiu chuc nng hon lnh Line. N c th tao di
tuong c d rng, c th tao duoc cc di tuong l cc doan thng v cc cung
trn... Thuc hin lnh bng cch:
Command : Pline ( hay Pl
Trn Menu chnh: chon Draw\Polyline
1.1. Ch d v don thng
Command: Pline
Specify start point:chon dim bt du cua Pline.
Current line-width is 0.0000 chiu rng hin hnh cua pline l 0.
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: nhp toa d dim k
tip (truy bt dim) hay dp cc chu hoa d su dung cc lua chon.
Trong d:
* Close: Dng pline boi 1 doan thng.
* Halfwidth: Dinh nua chiu rng phn doan sp v.
Starting halfwidth < >: Nhp gi tri nua chiu rng du phn doan.
Ending halfwidth < > : Nhp gi tri nua chiu rng cui phn doan.
* Length: V tip mt phn doan c phuong chiu nhu doan thng truoc d. Nu
phn doan truoc d l cung trn th n s tip xc cung trn
* Undo: Huy phn doan vua v.
* Width: Dinh chiu rng phn doan sp v, tuong tu Halfwidth.
1.2. Ch d v cung trn
Command: Pline
Specify start point: nhp toa d dim bt du cua pline
Current line-width is 0.0000: Chiu rng hin hnh cua pline l 0
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Chon A
80
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second
pt/Undo/Width]:
Trong d:
* Close: Cho php ta dng da tuyn boi 1 cung trn.
* Halfwidth, Width, Undo: Tuong tu nhu ch d v doan thng.
* Angle: Tuong tu nhu lnh Arc khi ta nhp A s c dng nhc:
Included angle: nhp gi tri gc o tm
Center/ Radius/ <Endpoint>: Chon dim cui, tm hoc bn knh.
* CEnter: Tuong tu lnh Arc, khi ta nhp CE s c dng nhc:
Center point: Nhp toa d tm
Angle/ Length/ <Endpoint>:
* Direction: Dinh huong cua duong tip tuyn voi dim du tin cua cung. Khi
ta nhp D s xut hin dng nhc sau:
Direction from starting point: Nhp gc hay chon huong.
Endpoint: Nhp toa d dim cui.
* Radius: Xc dinh bn knh cong cua cung, khi dp R s xut hin dng nhc:
Radius: Nhp gi tri bn knh.
Angle/ <Endpoint>:
* Second pt: Nhp toa d dim thu hai v dim cui d c th xc dinh cung trn
di qua 3 dim. Khi dp S s xut hin:
Second point: Nhp dim thu hai.
End point: Nhp dim cui
* Line: Tro v ch d v doan thng.
2. Hiu chinh Polylines - Lnh Pedit
Lnh Pedit (Polyline edit) c rt nhiu lua chon dng d hiu chinh da
tuyn. O dy. Ta chi trnh by hiu chinh da tuyn 2D. Thuc hin lnh bng
cch:
Command: Pedit
Trn Menu chnh: Chon Modify\Object\Polyline
Ta c th chia ra thnh 2 loai hiu chinh: Hiu chinh ton b da tuyn v hiu
chinh cc dinh & cc phn doan da tuyn.
2.1. Hiu chinh ton b da tuyn
Command: Pedit
Select polyline or [Multiple]:chon da tuyn cn hiu chinh
Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype
gen/Undo]:
Trong d:
* Close (Open): dng da tuyn dang mo hoc mo da tuyn dng.
* Join: ni cc doan thng, cung trn hoc da tuyn voi cc da tuyn duoc chon
thnh 1 da tuyn chung (chi ni duoc trong truong hop cc dinh cua chng trng
nhau). Chon ty chon ny, s xut hin dng nhc:
81
Select objects: Chon cc di tuong cn ni voi da tuyn d chon
Select objects: Nhn (d kt thc lnh Sau khi xong), AutoCAD dua ra thng bo:
n segments added to polyline: n doan d duoc cng vo da tuyn.
* Width: Dinh chiu rng moi cho duong Pline. Chon ty chon ny, xut hin
dng nhc:
Enter new width for all segments: chiu rng moi cho ca da tuyn.
* Fit: Chuyn da tuyn thnh 1 duong cong l tp hop cc cung trn tip xc
nhau, di qua cc dinh cua da tuyn.
* Spline: Lm tron cc gc canh.
* Decurve: Chuyn cc phn doan l cc cung trn cua da tuyn thnh cc phn
doan thng.
* Undo: Huy 1 lua chon vua thuc hin.
* EXit: Kt thc lnh Pedit.
2.2. Hiu chinh cc dinh v cc phn don da tuyn
Khi chon Edit vertex cua dng nhc chnh, ta chuyn sang ch d hiu
chinh cc dinh v cc phn doan.
Command: Pedit
Select polyline or [Multiple]:chon da tuyn cn hiu chinh
Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype
gen/Undo]: E
Enter a vertex editing option.
[Next/Previous/Break/Insert/Move/Regen/Straighten/Tangent/Width/eXit] <N>:
Lc ny xut hin du X, dnh du dinh m chng ta cn hiu chinh.
Trong d:
Next : Doi dinh dn dim k tip.
Previous : Doi dinh dn dim truoc d.
Break : Xa cc phn doan giua cc dinh m ta chon, khi chon B:
Next/ Previous/ Go/ eXit:
Next, Previous : Doi du X dn dim cn xa.
Go : Thuc hin chuc nng xa.
EXit : Thot khoi ty chon Break.
Insert : Chn 1 dinh moi vo da tuyn, khi chon I:
Enter location of new vertex: nhp toa d cua dinh moi
Move : Doi 1 dinh cua da tuyn dn vi tr moi
Enter new location: Nhp toa d vi tr moi cua dinh
Regen : Cp nht chiu rng nt v moi v v lai hnh
Straighten : Nn thng cc phn doan nm giua cc dinh duoc dnh du
Next/ Previous/ Go/ eXit: thuc hin tuong tu lnh Break.
Tangent : Dinh huong tip tuyn tai cc dinh cua duong cong tao duoc
khi Fit da tuyn, khi chon T s xut hin dng nhc:
Direction of tangent: Chon huong tip tuyn
Width : Dinh chiu rng nt v cua phn doan sau dinh dang chon cua
da tuyn:
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Enter starting width: Chiu rng ban du phn doan.
Enter ending width: Chiu rng dim cui phn doan.
EXit: Thot ra khoi ch d hiu chinh dinh.
IX. SPLINE
1. Thc hin lnh Spline
Lnh Spline dng d tao duong cong NURBS (Non Uniform Rational
Bezier Spline). Lnh Spline c th tao cc duong cong dc bit nhu: Arc, Circle,
Ellipse...
Duong Spline ny khc hn voi Pline Spline (duong Spline tao tu da
tuyn Spline cua lnh Pedit). uong Spline di qua tt ca cc dim m ta chon,
cn duong Pline Spline duc ko v cc dinh da tuyn. Do d, ta dng lnh
Spline d to duong cong chnh xc hon Pline. Khi su dung lnh Spline, ta cn
xc dinh cc dim m Spline s di qua v nu Spline mo th ta cn phai xc
d|nh thm dung tip tuyn vi Spline ti dim du v dim cui.
Goi lnh Spline bng cch:
Command: Spline (hoc Spl )
Trn Menu chnh: chon Draw\Spline
Command: Spline
Specify first point or [Object]: chon dim du cho Spline
Specify next point: chon dim k tip
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:toa d dim k tip
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start tangent>:toa d dim k tip
Specify start tangent: Chon huong tip tuyn tai dim du hay Enter chon mc dinh.
Specify end tangent: Chon huong tip tuyn tai dim cui hay Enter chon mc dinh.
Cc ty chon:
Objects: Chuyn duong Pline Spline thnh duong Spline.
Command: Spline
Object/ <Enter first point>: O
Select objects to convert to splines: chon cc di tuong d chuyn thnh Spline
Select objects : Chon Pline Spline.
Select objects : Chon Pline Spline hoc Enter d kt thc vic chon.
Close : Dng kn duong Spline.
Fit Tolerance : Tao duong cong Spline min hon. Khi gi tri ny bng 0 th
duong Spline di qua tt ca cc dim chon. Khi gi tri ny khc th duong cong
ko ra xa cc dim ny d tao duong cong min hon.
Close/ Fit Tolerance/ <Enter point>: F
Enter Fit tolerance<0.0,0.0>: nhp gi tri duong
2. Hiu chinh dung Spline
Lnh Splinedit dng d hiu chinh hnh dang cua Spline. Dua vo cc
dim xc dinh Spline, ta c hai nhm lua chon d hiu chinh Spline: DATA
83
POINT v CONTROL POINT. Data Point l nhng dim m Spline di qua,
cn Control Point l nhung dim khng nm trn Spline nhung c tc dung ko
duong Spline v huong cc dim ny.
Goi lnh bng cc cch sau:
Command: Splinedit
Trn Menu chnh: Chon Modify\Object\Splinedit
Command: Splinedit
Select spline: Chon Spline cn hiu chinh.
Fit Data/ Close/ Move Vertex/ Refine/ rEverse/ Undo]: Dng nhc chnh cua
Spline.
2.1 Data Point
Tai dng nhc chnh, ta chon F (Fit Data) d hiu chinh theo Data Point,
AutoCAD dua ra dng nhc sau:
Add/ Close/ Delete/ Move/ Purge/ Tangents/ toLerance/ eXit <eXit>:
Trong d:
Add : Thm Data Point vo Spline. uong Spline thay di v di qua
dim moi nhp vo, tai dng nhc Enter point:, ta chon 1 dim trn Spline th
dim d v dim tip sau d s duoc t dm mu. ta c th nhp dim moi vo
giua 2 dim duoc dnh du ny.
Enter point : Chon 1 dim trn Spline
Enter new point : Vi tr cua dim moi
Close/ Open : Dng duong Spline dang mo (ty chon Close) hoc mo
Spline dang dng (Open)
Move : Dng d doi 1 dim Data Point dn vi tr moi, chon M
s xut hin dng nhc:
Next, previous/ Select Point/ eXit/ <Enter new location> <N>: Dng N, P chon
dim k tip hoc S l dim dang chon d xc dinh dim cn doi, sau d chon vi
tr moi.
Delete : D xa cc dim ra khoi Spline.
Purge: Xa tt ca cc dim cua Spline. cc dim ny xuthin tro lai, ta
chon Undo tai dng nhc k d.
Tangents : Thay di huong cc duong tip tuyn tai cc dim du v
cui cua Spline.
ToLerance : Tuong tu ty chon Fit Tolerance cua lnh Spline.
2.2 Control Point
Trn dng nhc chnh cua Spline, ngoai tru ty chon Fit Data, cc ty
chon cn lai du dng d hiu chinh cc dim Control Point
nghia cc ty chon:
Close/ Open : Dng duong Spline dang mo (ty chon Close) hoc mo
Spline dang dng (Open)..
Move Vertex : Doi 1 dim diu khin bt ky
Refine : Chon ty chon ny s lm xut hin dng nhc
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Add control point/ Elevate Order/ Weight/ eXit <eXit>:
Trong d:
- Add control point : Thm dim diu khin vo Spline. Tai dng nhc Select a
point on the Spline chon 1 dim gn vi tr dim diu khin mun thm vo.
- Elevate Order : Thm s cc dim vo theo chiu di duong Spline. Nhp
gi tri tu n dn 26 voi n l s cc dim diu khin dang c + 1
- Weight : Gi tri Weight cua 1 dim diu khin cng lon th duong
Spline s di gn dim ny hon.
Enter new weight (current=1.0000) or Next/ Previous/ elect point/ eXit <N> :
Reverse : Dao nguoc thu tu cc dim diu khin cua Spline.
X. MULTILINE
Lnh Mline (Multiline) dng d v cc duong song song, mi duong song
song duoc goi l thnh phn (element) cua duong Mline. Ti da ta tao duoc 16
thnh phn. Truoc khi thuc hin lnh, ta cn dinh kiu cho Multiline, sau d khi
cn, ta c th hiu chinh n.
1. |nh kiu da tuyn_Lnh Mlstyle
Truy xut lnh bng cch:
- Command: Mlstyle
- Trn Menu chnh: chon Format\Multiline Style...
Command: Mlstyle
Khi thuc hin lnh Mlstyle, xut hin hp thoai Multiline Style (nhu hnh)
Dng d ghi kiu Mline, goi 1 kiu Mline tro thnh hin hnh, tao moi, ...
Set Current : Tn kiu Mline hin hnh
New : Dt tn moi cho Mline v khai bo nhu hp thoai bn / Ok
Modify : Goi lai kiu Mline d khai bo chon
Rename : Di tn
Delete : Xa
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Load... : Tai 1 kiu Mline tu cc file c phn mo rng. MLN
Save : Hp thoai Save Multiline Style xut hin (nhu hnh), tao thu
muc,dt tn
Save Multiline Style
2. Thc hin lnh da tuyn_Lnh Mline
Sau khi d tao duoc kiu da tuyn, ta thuc hin lnh bng cch:
Command: Mline (hay Ml )
Trn Menu chnh: Chon Draw\Multiline
Command: Mline
Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]:
Trong d:
Justification: Nhp J xut hin dng
Enter justification type [Top/Zero/Bottom] <top>: Trong d
Dinh vi tr duong Mline bng duong tm (Zero offset element), duong trn (Top
offset element - hay nm bn tri duong tm nu nhn theo huong v) hoc
duong duoi (Bottom offset element - nm bn phai duong tm)
Scale: Dinh ti l cho khoang cch giua cc thnh phn bin duong Mline. Phu
thuc vo kiu duong Mline ta nhp cc gi tri khc nhau. Nu kiu duong
Mline l STANDARD th khoang cch giua duong tm voi 2 duong Mline l
+0.5 v -0.5. Do d ti l bng chiu rng giua cc thnh phn. V du Scale = 20
th khoang cch giua cc element bin l 20.
STyle: Chon kiu duong Mline. tao kiu Mline, ta su dung lnh Mlstyle
3. Hiu chinh da tuyn_Lnh Mledit
D hiu chinh da tuyn, ta dng lnh Mledit. Thuc hin lnh bng cch:
nh truc tip vo dng Command: Mledit
Trn Menu chnh: Chon Modify\Object\Multiline
Hnh:Multiline Edit Tools
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C 4 b d hiu chinh Mline, d l: Cross, Tee, Coner, Cut.
Sau khi khoi dng lnh, AutoCAD dua ra hp thoai (nhu hnh 6.12)
3.1. Cross (ng tu)
Loai ny bao gm Closed Cross (ng tu kn), Open Cross (ng tu ho),
Merged Cross
- Closed Cross: Mline chon truoc bi trim tai nhung giao dim voi Mline thu hai.
- Open Cross: Hai Mline chon du bi ct, tao thnh ng tu ho.
- Merged Cross: Tch nhung phn tu pha ngoi v giu nguyn phn tu trung
tm cua mi Mline tai ch giao nhau, thu tu chon Mline khng anh huong.
3.2. Tee (ng ba)
Tao ng ba giua hai Mline, Trim hay Extend cua Mline chon du tin,
ging nhu Cross voi 3 hnh thuc Closed Tee, Open Tee, Merged Tee.
3.3. Corner (gc)
Thay di nhung dinh cua 1 hay 2 Mline bao gm Joint ( 1-3), Delete ( 2- 3),
Add ( 3-3).
- Corner Joint: Tao gc giua hai Mline, vi tr dim chon trn Mline du tin s
quyt dinh phn giu lai cua Mline.
- Add Vertex: Thm dinh tai dim chon cua Mline.
- Delete Vertex: Bo bot dinh cua Mline tai dim chon.
3.4 Cut (ct)
Loai ny dng d ct bo hay ni lai 1 doan Mline hay 1 vi phn tu trong
Mline, bao gm Cut Single ( 1-4: Ct 1 phn tu trong Mline), Cut All ( 2-4:
ct tt ca cc phn tu trong Mline), Weld All ( 3-4: Ni lai nhung Mline bi ct)
XI. ELLIPSE
Lnh Ellipse dng d v duong Elip, truy xut lnh bng cch:
- nh truc tip vo dng Command: Ellipse
- Trn Menu chnh: Chon Draw\Ellipse
87
Ty thuc vo bin PELLIPSE, duong Elip c th l:
- PELLIPSE = 1: Duong Elip l 1 da tuyn, da tuyn ny l tp hop cc cung
trn, ta c th su dung lnh Pedit d hiu chinh.
- PELLIPSE = 0: Duong Elip l duong Spline, dy l 1 duong cong NURBS
(xem lnh Spline) v ta khng th Explode n duoc. Nu bin PELLIPSE = 0, ta
c 3 phuong php tao Elip:
1. Nhp toa d mt truc v khoang cch nua truc thu hai.
2. Nhp tm, dim cui mt truc v khoang cch nua truc thu hai.
3. Tao mt cung Elip.
1. Ta d mt trc v khoang cch nua trc cn li
Command: Ellipse
Arc/ Center/ <Axis endpoint 1>: nhp toa d dim thu nht cua truc thu nht
Axis endpoint 2: nhp toa d dim thu hai cua truc thu nht.
<Other axis distance>/Rotation: chon dim thu ba lm khoang cch nua truc cn
lai hay c th nhp khoang cch truc tip (hnh 6.13a). Ty chon Rotation dng
d xc dinh nua khoang cch truc cn lai theo gc. Nu chon R, AutoCAD s
dua tip dng nhc
a/ Ellipse bng cch dng khoang cch.
b/ Ellipse bng cch quay.
Rotation about major axis: nhp gc so voi truc thu nht.
2. Tm v cc trc
Command: Ellipse
Arc/ Center/ <Axis endpoint 1>: chon C
Center of Ellipse: chon dim lm tm cua Ellipse
Axis endpoint: chon dim xc dinh truc thu nht
<Other axis distance>/ Rotation: chon dim thu hai d xc dinh truc thu hai.
Ty chon R tuong tu nhu muc XI.1.
3. V cung Elip
Ty chon Arc trong lnh Ellipse cho php ta v cung Elippse. Cung
Ellipse s duoc v nguoc chiu kim dng h tuong tu lnh Arc. u tin, ta dinh
dang Ellipse, sau d dinh dim du v dim cui cua cung.
88
Command: Ellipse
Arc/ Center/ <Axis endpoint 1>: A
<Axis endpoint 1>/ Center: Chon dim du cua truc thu nht (hnh 6.14a)
Axis endpoint 2: chon dim thu hai cua truc thu nht (hnh 6.14b)
<Other axis distance>/ Rotation: Khoang cch nua truc thu hai
Parameter/ <Start angle>: Chon dim hay nhp gi tri gc
Parameter/ Included/ <End angle>: Chon dim 2 hay nhp gi tri gc
XII. HATCHING
1. V m}t ct (lnh Bhatch)
Lnh Bhatch dng d v k hiu cua vt liu trn mt ct trong mt duong
bin kn. vt liu c th hin thi, ta mo lnh Fill bng cch g truc tip tu bn
phm nh truc tip vo dng Command: Fill
ON/OFF: Chon ON
Goi lnh Bhatch d v mt ct, ta c th dng cc cch sau:
- nh truc tip vo dng Command: Bhatch
- Trn Menu chnh: chon Draw\Hatch...
Khi ta thuc hin xong, AutoCAD s dua ra hp hi thoai sau.
2. Chn mu m}t ct (Pattern Type)
Lua chon ny dng d chon dang cc mu mt ct: Predifined, User-
defined, Custom nhu hnh trn.
Chon mau mat cat
89
Predefined : Loai c sn trong AutoCAD trong tp tin Acad.pat. chon
lua mu mt ct, ta c th click vo Pattern... hay click vo hnh anh (bn
phai Pattern).
User-defined : Su dung cc loai pattern do ta tao truoc.
Custom : Su dung cc file *.pat duoc tao tu nhung ngun khc.
3. Gn cc tnh cht cho mu m}t ct (Pattern Properties)
D goi duoc Tool Properies. Truoc tin ban bm t hop phm (Ctrl+3),
sau d vo chut phai mt no d chon properties. Hp thoai tool properties
gip cc ban chon kiu mt ct, mu, gc,
4. Xc d|nh vng v m}t ct (Boundaries)
Min Boundaries dng d dinh min Hatch gm cc ty chon nhu sau:
- Add Pick Point: chon ty chon ny AutoCAD s yu cu chon dim bn trong
duong bin, AutoCAD s tu dng xc dinh duong bin cho chng ta, dy l cch
don gian nht d xc dinh min d hatch.
- Add Select Objects: chon min hatch bng cch chon di tuong, cch ny chi
hiu qua di voi cc polyline khp kn.
90
- Remove Boundaries: Cho php lp dy cc di tuong nho (Islands) bn trong
di tuong m ta cn hatch.
- View Selection: Cho php xem duong bin d chon truoc khi hatch.
+ Island Detection: Nu chon ny th cc Islands bn trong duong bin kn s
duoc chon khi dng Pick point d xc dinh duong bin.
+ Boundary Style: Chon cc kiu v mt ct, c 3 kiu: Normal, Outer v Ignore
(hnh trn).
Retain Boundaries: Nu khng chon ty chon ny th sau khi hatch xong
AutoCAD s tu dng xa duong bao chung quanh; nu chon, AutoCAD s gi
li dung bao sau khi hatch.
91
CHUONG IX.
CH V KCH THUC
I. TEXT
1. To kiu ch (lnh Style)
Truoc khi vit chu cho ban v, vic du tin l tao kiu chu, lnh Style
gip ta thuc hin diu ny. Thuc hin lnh Style bng cch:
* Trn dng Command : Style hoc St hoc -Style
* Trn Menu chnh: Format\Text Style...
* Trn Menu mn hnh: Format\Style
Nu ta g vo dng Command chu - Style, ta s di thoai truc tip voi
AutoCAD, cc cch thuc hin cn lai s duoc AutoCAD dua ra hp hi thoai sau:
Text Style
92
Trong d:
a. Trnh Style Name
* Style Name : Dng hin thi tn cua kiu Text
* New... : Tao kiu Text moi
* Rename... : Di tn Style d c sn
* Delete : Xa tn Style khng cn thit
b. Trnh Font
* Font Name : Chon Font chu
* Font Style : Chon kiu chu Thuong (Regular), In (Bold), Nghing (Italic) ..
* Height : Chiu cao chu (nu ta khng dinh chiu cao chu vo ny, th
khi goi lnh Text, ta c th thay doi duoc chiu cao ch trong moi lan vit, cn
khi ta nhap chiu cao ch khc 0, AutoCAD se khng hin thi dng Height trong
moi lan thuc hin lnh Text).
c. Trnh Effects
* Upside down: Chu di xung guong theo phuong ngang.
* Backwards : Chu di xung nhau theo phuong thng dung.
* Vertical : Chu duoc vit tung k tu mt v vit tu trn xung duoi.
* Width Factor: ti l cc chu; nu bng 1: Chu c ti l bnh thuong; nu nho hon
1: Chu co lai; nu lon hon 1: Chu gin ra. Theo tiu chun:
- H s chiu rng cho chu hoa v chu s l 5/7
- H s chiu rng cho chu thuong l 4/7
* Oblique Angle: D nghing so voi phuong thng dung cua chu. Nu bng 0:
chu thng dung; nu > 0: Chu nghing sang phai; nu < 0: chu nghing sang ri.
Ch chu ghi trong ban v phai thng dung (gc nghing 00) hoc nghing so
voi mt phng nm ngang 1 gc 75
0
(tuc l d nghing khi nhp vo ny l 15)
d. Trnh Preview
Gip ta c th xem truoc duoc kiu chu, thuc tnh cung nhu cc cch th
hin Text
Sau khi d thuc hin cc trnh trn, ta click vo nt chon Apply; nu huy
bo lnh, ta nhp vo nt chon Cancel.
2. Nhp ch vo ban v
2.1. Bin Textfill
Bin Textfill c 2 ch d: tt (OFF) v mo (ON). Khi Textfill: ON, chu s
duoc t dy, nguoc lai chu s rng (chi th hin duong vin). Thuc hin lnh
bng cch:
Command: Textfill ( (chon 1: ON; chon 0: OFF)
2.2. Lnh Dtext
Lnh Dtext cho php ta nhp cc dng chu vo ban v tu bn phm. Trong
mt lnh Dtext, ta c th nhp nhiu dng chu nm o cc vi tr khc nhau v
dng chu s xut hin trn mn hnh trong khi ta thuc hin lnh.
* Trn thanh Draw: Click vo biu tuong
93
* Trn dng Command: Dtext
* Trn Menu chnh: Draw\Text\Single Line Text
* Trn Menu mn hnh: Draw 2\Dtext
Command: Dtext
Justify/Style/ <Start point>: Chon dim canh l tri
Height < >: Chiu cao chu. Theo tiu chun, chiu cao chu hoa c gi tri: 14;
10; 7; 5; 3.5; 2.5 mm. Chiu cao chu thuong duoc ly bng 5/7 cc chiu cao
chu hoa Rotation angle <0.0000>: D nghing cua dng chu so voi phuong nm
ngang v quay theo chiu duong.
Text: Nhp dng Text tu bn phm.
Text: Tip tuc nhp Text hoc Enter d kt thc lnh.
Cc lua chon:
Start point: Dim bt du vit Text.
Style: Chon kiu chu d dinh. Chon S (Style) s xut hin tip dng nhc.
Style name (or ?): Nhp tn kiu hoc chon ? d lit k tt ca cc kiu d dinh.
Justify: Khi dp J s xut hin tip dng nhc:
Align/ Fit/ Center/ Middle/ Right/ TL/ TC/ TR/ ML/ MC/ MR/ BL
Trong d:
* Align: Chu nhp vo nm giua 2 dim dinh truoc. Ti s giua chiu cao v
chiu rng dng chu phu thuc vo Width Factor. Do d ung voi khoang cch
cho truoc, AutoCAD tu dng dinh chiu cao Text.
* Fit: Tuong tu Align nhung chiu cao duoc xc dinh, ty chon ny bo qua ti l
giua chiu cao v chiu rng chu.
* Cc ty chon khc: T (top: trn), B (bottom: duoi), L (left: tri), R (right:
phai), M (middle: giua theo phuong thng dung), C (center: giua theo phuong
ngang).
Bang k tu dc bit
Muc dch G tu bn phm Kt qua
Gach trn %%Oacad Acad
Gach duoi %%Uacad Acad
K hiu d 50%%d 500
K hiu cng,tru %%p40 40
K hiu duong knh %%c30 30
2.3. Lnh Text
Lnh Text cung tuong tu nhu Dtext, nhung ta chi c th ghi duoc 1 dng
chu m thi v dng chu ny chi xut hin khi ta kt thc lnh. Thuc hin lnh
bng cch:
* Trn dng Command: Text
Command: Text
Justify/ Style/ <Start point>: Chon dim canh l
Height < > : Chiu cao dng Text
Rotation angle <0.0000>: Gc nghing cua Text
Text: Nhp dng chu vo ban v, sau d (s kt thc lnh)
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2.4. Lnh Mtext
Lnh Mtext cho php tao 1 doan vn ban duoc gioi han boi duong bin l
khung hnh chu nht. oan vn ban ny l 1 di tuong duy nht cua AutoCAD,
ta c th ph v doan vn ban ny thnh nhung dng Text ring le bng lnh
Explode.
Thuc hin lnh Mtext bng mt trong nhung cch sau dy:
* Trn dng Command: Mtext
* Trn Menu chnh : Draw\Text\Multiline Text
* Trn Menu mn hnh: Draw 2\Mtext
Command: Mtext
Current text style: STANDARD. Text height: 100
Specify first corner: Dim gc thu nht doan vn ban
Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Rotation/Style/Width]: Dim gc di
din hay chon cc lua chon cho doan vn ban.
3. Hiu chinh Text
3.1. Lnh Ddedit
Lnh Ddedit cho php thay di ni dung dng Text v dinh nghia thuc
tnh. Thuc hin lnh bng mt trong cc cch sau (c th bm hai ln chut tri
lin k)
Trn dng Command: DDedit
Nhp hai ln chut tri vo chu cn sua. Nu nhung chu ta cn hiu chinh
duoc thuc hin tu lnh Mtext s xut hin hp thoai nhu hnh:
Ddedit cua dtex ddedit cua mtext
3.2. Lnh Ddmodify
- Thay di tt ca cc dc tnh lin quan toi dng Text bng hp thoai
- Thuc hin lnh bng mt trong cc cch sau:
* Trn dng Command: DDmodify
* Trn Menu chnh: Modify\Properties...
Command: DDmodify
O Cad 2007 vic chinh thuc hin rong hp thoai Properties
95
AutoCAD s dua ra hp thoai nhu hnh
4. Lnh Qtext
Nhm lm tng tc d hin thi v truy xut ban v. Lnh ny thay th cc
dng chu thnh nhung hnh chu nht. Mc dinh Qtext l OFF (hin thi dng
Text), khi gi tri
ny ON: Cc dng Text s duoc thay th bng nhung hnh chu nht
Command: Qtext
ON/OFF < >: G vo ON hay OFF
II. DIMENSIONING (UNG KCH THUC)
II.1. Cc thnh phn cua kch thuc
First Extension Line(ng giong thnhat)
Second Extension Line(ng giong thhai)
Arrow(Mui ten)
Dimension Text(Chsokch thc)
Dimension Line(ng kch thc)
96
II.2. |nh kiu kch thuc
D thay di cc bin kch thuoc v tao cc kiu kch thuoc, ta dng lnh
Ddim, thuc hin lnh bng mt trong cc cch sau:
Command: Ddim hoc D
Trn Menu chnh: Format / Dimension Style...
Sau khi thuc hin lnh s xut hin hp thoai Dimension Style nhu hnh.
Trong d:
Set Current : Lua chon tn kiu kch thuoc d lm kch thuoc hin hnh
New : Tao moi
D tao cc chu s, duong ging, duong kch thuoc, mui tn Chon modify.
Hp thoai Modify nhu hnh gm 7 the (huong dn cu th khi hoc thuc hnh).
97
II.3. Ghi kch thuc( nhu hnh bn trn )
Cch don gian nht l dng cc biu tuong trn thanh cng cu Dimension
Ghi kch thuc thng
Lnh Dimlinear: Dng d ghi kch thuoc nm ngang v thng dung
Command: Dimlinear hoc Dimlin
Lnh Dimaligned: Dng d ghi kch thuoc xin
Command: Dimaligned hoc Dimali
Ghi kch thuc hung tm (bn knh, dung knh)
Lnh Dimdiameter: dng d ghi kch thuoc duong knh
Command: Dimdiameter hoc Dimdia
98
Lnh Dimradius: Dng d ghi kch thuoc bn knh
Command: Dimradius hoc Dimrad
Lnh Dimcenter: Dng d v du tm (Center Mark) hay duong tm (Center
Line) cua duong trn hay cung trn
Command: Dimcenter hoc DCE
Ghi kch thuc gc (lnh Dimangular)
Lnh Dimangular: Dng d ghi kch thuoc gc
Command: Dimangular hoc Dimang
Ghi kch thuc theo dung dn (lnh Leader)
Lnh Leader: dng d ghi ch thch
Command:Leader hoc Lead hoc Le
Ghi chui kch thuc
1. Ghi chui kch thuoc song song (lnh Dimbaseline).
Dng lnh ny ta s ghi duoc kch thuoc song song voi kch thuoc vua
ghi v cng cng duong ging thu nht voi kch thuoc vua ghi.
Command: Dimbaseline hoc Dimbase hoc Dba
2. Ghi chui kch thuoc lin tuc (lnh Dimcontinue)
II.4. Hiu chinh ch s kch thuc
Lnh DimTEdit
Lnh DimTEdit cho php ta thay di vi tr v phuong cua chu s kch thuoc mt
cch lin kt (Left: tri, Right: phai, Home: khng di, Angle: quay chu s kch
thuoc 1 gc no d so voi phuong nm ngang).
Command :DimTEdit hoc DimTEd
Lnh DimEdit
Lnh DimEdit dng d thay di d nghing chu s kch thuoc v cua duong
ging dang hin thi trn mn hnh
Command: DimEdit
Dimension Edit (Home/New/Rotate/Oblique) <Home>:
Home : Dua chu s kch thuoc tro v vi tr ban du (sau khi ta quay chu s
kch thuoc).
New : Thay di gi tri cua chu s kch thuoc
Rotate : Quay chu s kch thuoc 1 gc so voi phuong nm ngang
Oblique : Dt nghing duong ging so voi duong kch thuoc. Su dung ty
chon ny d ghi kch thuoc hnh chiu truc do.
II.5. Hiu chinh kch thuc lin kt
Hiu chinh kch thuc bng GRIPS
99
Dng GRIPS, ta c th hiu chinh vi tr cua cc duong kch thuoc, chu s
kch thuoc, theo d gi tri cua chu s kch thuoc s thay di theo nu ta co gin
kch thuoc. hiu chinh bng GRIPS, ta s chon kch thuoc, sau d s chon
mt trong cc vung hin thi trn kch thuoc dn khi vung di mu, ta di
chuyn dn vi tr moi.
Ph v kch thuc bng lnh EXPLODE. Kch thuoc lin kt l
mt di tuong duy nht, do d khi mun xa kch thuoc, ta chi cn chon bt ky
mt thnh phn no d trong kch thuoc lin kt Khi ta dng lnh Explode d
ph v kch thuoc, ta khng th hiu chinh kch thuoc bng GRIPS dng thoi
khi ta thay di thuc tnh kch thuoc n s khng tc dung di voi nhung kch
thuoc bi ph v kt cu (Explode).
Hiu chinh kch thuc bng lnh DDMODIFY
Lnh DdModify dng d thay di tnh cht v tt ca cc bin kch thuoc,
ni dung cua chu s kch thuoc. Khi ta chon lnh hiu chinh ny, hp thoai
properties xut hin v cc ty chon cung tuong tu nhu khi ta dinh cu hnh kch
thuoc.
100
CHUONG X
KY THUAT HIJU CHINH NNG CAO
Trong chuong ny chng ta s d cp dn cc lnh hiu chinh cao cp cua
AutoCAD nhu lnh DDCHPROP, DDMODI FY, CHANGE dng thi ly
thng tin t ban v nhu: Din tch, Chu vi... cua di tuong.
I. LJNH DDCHPROP
Lnh Ddchprop chi hiu chinh cc tnh cht dc bit cua di tuong nhu:
mu, lop, loai nt, b dy di tuong... Thuc hin lnh bng cch:
nh truc tip vo dng Command: Ddchprop
AutoCAD mo hp thoai properties, chi dinh di tuong cn chinh sua v khai bo
cc chinh sua rong hp thoai
II. LJNH DDMODIFY
Lnh Ddmodify cho php hiu chinh di tuong v tt ca nhung tnh cht
cua di tuong, ung voi mi loai di tuong, AutoCAD mo hp thoai Modify
tuong ung nhu hnh 8.1, thuc hin lnh bng cch:
nh truc tip vo dng Command : Ddmodify
Trn thanh Menu chnh: Chon Modify\Properties...
Dng phm tt: Ctrl+1
AutoCAD mo hp thoai properties, chi dinh di tuong cn chinh sua v khai bo
cc chinh sua rong hp thoai
III. LJNH CHANGE
Lnh Change xu l di tuong nhu lnh Ddchprop nhung khng mo hp
thoai chi giao din voi AutoCAD qua dng lnh, thuc hin lnh bng cch:
nh truc tip vo dng Command: Change
Sau khi khoi dng lnh, AutoCAD mo ra cc dng sau:
Select Object: Chi dinh di tuong
Properties/<Change point>: Default l xc dinh dim thay di, nu ta chon
Properties, AutoCAD yu cu xc d|nh mt s ty chn sau:
Change What Property (Color/Elev/layer/Ltype/ItScale/Thickness)?
IV. LY THNG TIN BAN V HIJN HNH
IV.1. Lnh Status
Lnh Status cung cp cho chng ta tnh trang cua ban v hin hnh, thuc hin
lnh bng cch:
nh truc tip vo dng Command: Status
Trn Menu chnh: Chon Tools\Inquiry\ Status
Sau khi khoi dng lnh, AutoCAD mo Text Window thng bo tnh trang ban
v hin hnh.
IV.2. Lnh Dblist
101
Lnh Dblist cung cp nhung thng tin cua tt ca di tuong trong ban v
hin hnh, thuc hin lnh bng cch:
nh truc tip vo dng Command: Dblist
Sau khi khoi dng lnh, AutoCAD mo Text Window thng bo cc thng tin
cua tt ca di tuong trong ban v hin hnh.
IV.3. Lnh List
Lnh List cung cp nhung thng tin cua cc di tuong duoc chon, thuc
hin lnh bng cch:
nh truc tip vo dng Command: List
Trn thanh cng cu Object Properties: Click vo biu tuong o thanh
Inquiry.
Trn Menu chnh: Chon Tools\Inquiry\ List
Sau khi lnh duoc khoi dng, AutoCAD s dua ra tip yu cu:
Select objects: Chon di tuong sau d enter
AutoCAD s mo ra cua s d thng bo thng tin cua di tuong duoc chon trn
AutoCad Text Window
IV.4. Lnh Dist
Lnh Dist cung cp cho ta khoang cch giua hai dim v gc phng cua
doan thng d, thuc hin lnh bng cch:
nh truc tip vo dng Command: Dist
Trn thanh cng cu Inquiry:click vo biu tuong
Trn Menu chnh: Chon Tools\Inquiry\ Distance
Sau khi lnh duoc khoi dng, AutoCAD s dua ra tip yu cu:
First point: Dinh dim thu nht
Second point: Dinh dim thu hai
V du: Cn bit khoang cch giua 2 dim trn mt doan thng nm ngang cua
hnh chu nht, ta thuc hin:
Command: Dist
Specify first point:
Specify second point:
Sau khi chon xong 2 dim, AutoCAD s dua ra thng tin sau:
Distance = 25.0000, Angle in XY Plane = 0, Angle from XY Plane = 0
Delta X = 25.0000, Delta Y = 0.0000, Delta Z = 0.000
IV.5. Lnh ID
Lnh ID cung cp cho chng ta thng tin v vi tr cua cc di tuong trn
ban v,
thuc hin lnh bng cch:
nh truc tip vo dng Command: ID
Trn thanh cng cu Inquiry: Click vo biu tuong
Trn Menu chnh: Chon Tools\Inquiry\ ID point
Command: ID
102
Point: Dnh iem tren oi tng
I V.6. Lnh Area
Lnh Area cung cp cho ta thng tin v Din tch, Chu vi cua di tuong,
thuc hin lnh bng cch:
Dnh truc tip vo dng Command: Area
Trn thanh cng cu Inquiry: Click vo biu tuong
Trn Menu chnh: Chon Tools\Inquiry\ Area
Command: Area
AutoCADdua ra tuy chon
Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]:
Trong d:
Object: Chon di tuong cn bit din tch v chu vi
Add: Cng thm di tuong vo.
Subtract: Tru bot di tuong ra
Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]: o (g o)
Area = 1250.0000, Perimeter = 150.0000
IV.7. Lnh Mass Properties
Lnh Mass Properties cung cp cho ta nhung thng tin v khi luong,
th tch, moment qun tnh, trong tm... cua vt th dc (solid), thuc hin lnh
bng cch:
Dnh truc tip vo dng Command: Massprop
Trn thanh cng cu Inquiry: click lick vo biu tuong
Trn Menu chnh: chon Tools\Inquiry\ Mass Properties
Command: Massprop
IV.8. Lnh Calculator (CAL)
Lnh CAL tnh ton biu thuc theo quy tt ton hoc chun v thu tu uu
tin: Nhung biu thuc trong ngoc don duoc tnh truoc, cu th nhu sau: Cc ton
tu duoc sp theo thu tu uu tin: du tin l s mu, tip theo l nhn v chia, v
cui cng l cng v tru. Cc ton tu ngang bng s duoc xp uu tin theo thu
tu tu tri sang phai
Dnh truc tip vo dng Command: Cal
Trn thanh cng cu Standard: Click vo biu tuong
Lnh Cal c th tnh duoc cc biu thuc s hoc thng thuong v biu thuc
vector.
IV.8.1. Biu thc s hc (Numeric Expressions)
Biu thuc s hoc l nhung con s thuc, s tu nhin... v nhung hm s
duoc ni kt boi nhung ton tu sau:
103
Ton tu Php ton
( ) Nhm biu thuc
^ Biu thi cho s mu, luy thua
* , / Nhn, Chia
+, - Cng, tru
Sau dy l nhung v du v cch tnh cc biu thuc s hoc:
3
3 + 0.6
(5.8^2) + PI
IV.8.2. Biu thc vector (Vector Expressions)
Biu thuc Vector l tp hop cua nhung dim, vector, cc con s v nhung
hm s duoc lin kt voi nhung ton tu sau:
Ton tu Php ton ( ) Nhm biu thuc & Tch huu huong, kt qua dang vector
[a,b,c]&[x,y,z] = [ (b*z) - (c*y) , (c*x) - (a*z) , (a*y) - (b*x) ]
* Tch v huong, kt qua dang s thuc
[a,b,c]*[x,y,z] = ax + by + cz
* , / Nhn, Chia s thuc voi 1 vector
a*[x,y,z] = [a*x, a*y, a*z]
+, - Cng, tru cc vector (toa d cua nhung dim)
[a,b,c] + [x,y,z] = [a+x, b+y, c+z]
104
CHUONG XI
KHI V THUC TNH
(BLOCKS V ATTRIBUTES)
Khi l mt di tuong duy nht cua AutoCAD, n c th l mt nhm di
tuong, 1 ban v tao thnh mt di tuong duy nht. Vic su dung khi gip ta tit
kim duoc thoi gian v bng cch tao thu vin nhung hnh mu su dung chung
cho nhiu ban v, sau ny khi cn ta chn vo chu khng cn phai v lai. Ngoi
ra khi tao khi ta cung cn xc dinh nhung thuc tnh cua n. Ta ln luot di vo
nhung vn d vua nu.
I. LJNH BLOCK
Lnh Block tao khi chi c gi tri trong ban v hin hnh. Thuc hin lnh
bng cc cch sau:
nh truc tip vo dng Command: Block
Trn thanh cng cu Draw: Click vo biu tuong
Trn thanh Menu chnh: Chon Draw\Block\Make
Command: Block
Name : Dinh tn khi.
Base point : Chon dim chn cho khi.
Select Objects : Chon cc di tuong tao khi.
Ch :
- Khi dinh nghia Block voi cc di tuong d duoc v trn lop khc lop 0, khi
chn vo ban v n vn mang tnh cht cua lop tao nn n.
- Khi dinh nghia Block voi cc di tuong d duoc v trn lop 0, khi chn vo
ban v n s mang tnh cht cua lop hin hnh.
105
II. LJNH WBLOCK
Khi dinh nghia di tuong bng lnh Wblock, ta c th chn khi duoc tao
ra vo bt cu ban v no ta mun, v khi d di tuong duoc ghi lai thnh 1 file
ban v cua AutoCAD.
nh truc tip vo dng Command: Wblock
Command: Wblock
AutoCAD mo hp thoai nhu hnh
Tai dng File name and path: Dt tn cho block v chon noi luu
III. LJNH INSERT, DDINSERT
AutoCAD cung cp cho ta cc lnh Insert, Ddinsert d chn khi vo ban
v, thuc hin lnh bng cc cch sau:
nh truc tip vo dng Command: Ddinsert (hay Insert)
Trn thanh cng cu Draw: Click vo biu tuong Insert block
Trn thanh Menu chnh: Chon Insert\Block...
Tuy chon
chon duong dn
chon duong
Gc hnh chn
Toa d chn
Ti l kch
thuoc chn
106
IV. LJNH MINSERT
Lnh MINSERT gip ta chn Block thnh nhiu di tuong theo su sp
xp truoc, ging nhu ln Array, thuc hin lnh bng cch:
nh truc tip vo dng Command: Minsert
Command: Minsert
Enter block name or [?]: Br2 (dua tn block cn chn)
Units: Millimeters Conversion: 1.0000 (dinh dim chn)
Specify insertion point or [Basepoint/Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate]:
Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1>: x (ti l theo x)
Specify X scale factor or [Corner] <1>: 1
Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: y (ti l theo y)
Requires numeric value.
Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: 1
Specify Z scale factor or <use X scale factor>: z (ti l theo z)
Requires numeric distance or second point.
Specify Z scale factor or <use X scale factor>: 1
Specify rotation angle <0>: Dinh gc quay
Enter number of rows (---) <1>: Dinh s hng
Enter number of columns (|||) <1>: Dinh s ct
Enter distance between rows or specify unit cell (---): Dinh khoang cch giua cc hng
Specify distance between columns (|||): Dinh khoang cch giua cc ct
Th du:
Command: Minsert
Enter block name or [?]: br2
Units: Millimeters Conversion: 1.0000
Specify insertion point or [Basepoint/Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate]:
Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1>: x
Specify X scale factor or [Corner] <1>: 1
Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: y
Requires numeric value.
Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: 1
Specify Z scale factor or <use X scale factor>:
Specify rotation angle <0>:
Enter number of rows (---) <1>: 5
Enter number of columns (|||) <1>: 5
Enter distance between rows or specify unit cell (---): 100
Specify distance between columns (|||): 100
Kt qua nhu hnh
107
V. LJNH BASE
Khi 1 ban v duoc chn vo 1 ban v khc voi toa d dim chn l (0,0,0),
lnh Base dng d thay di ta d dim chn, thc hin lnh bng cch:
Command: Base
Base point <0.0000,0.0000,0.0000>: dinh dim chn moi
VI. LJNH EXPLODE
Lnh Explode dng d ph v cu trc cua di tuong nhu: Polyline,
block, hatch... ra thnh nhiu di tuong ring le, thuc hin lnh bng cch:
nh truc tip vo dng Command: Explode
Trn thanh cng cu Modify: Click vo biu tuong
Trn thanh Menu chnh: Chon Modify\Explode
Sau khi khoi dng lnh, AutoCAD dua ra dng sau:
Select objects: Chon di tuong cn explode ri nhn enter
108
VII. THUC TNH (ATTRIBUTES)
VII.1. |nh nghia thuc tnh cua Khi
Thuc tnh cua khi l nhung bin thng tin vn ban di km theo khi khi
chn vo ban v. Thuc hin lnh bng cch:
nh truc tip vo dng Command: Ddattdef ( hay Attdef )
Trn thanh cng cu Attribute: Click vo biu tuong
Trn Menu chnh: Chon Draw\Block\Define Attribute... Sau khi khoi dng lnh,
AutoCAD mo ra hp thoai Attribute Definition nhu hnh.
VII.1.1. Min Mode
Min ny xc dinh cch th hin cc thuc tnh voi cc ty chon sau:
Invisible: Khng cho thy thuc tnh.
Constant: Tnh cht khng thay di trong qu trnh chn khi, hng s.
Verify: Cho php hin thi dng nhc d kim tra v c th thay di lai dinh
nghia thuc tnh.
Preset: Cc dinh nghia thuc tnh c th thay di duoc nhung trong qu trnh
chn khi, AutoCAD khng dua ra dng nhc.
VII.1.2. Min Attribute
Min ny dinh thng s thuc tnh cua khi voi cc thnh phn sau:
Tag: Dinh tn gc cua thuc tnh.
Prompt: Dinh dng nhc cho AutoCAD.
Value: Dinh gi tri thuc tnh, thng tin cua thuc tnh.
VII.1.3. Min Text Options
Min ny dinh hnh thuc vn ban dua vo thuc tnh cua khi.
VII.1.4. Min Insert point
Min dinh dim chn cua thuc tnh.
VII.2. Hiu chinh d|nh nghia thuc tnh cua Khi
Lnh Ddedit cho php ta hiu chinh lai nhung dinh nghia thuc tnh cua
khi, thuc hin lnh bng cch:
nh truc tip vo dng Command: Ddedit
VIII. HIJU CHINH THUC TNH KHI
AutoCAD cho php ta hiu chinh cc thuc tnh d nm trong khi voi 2
lnh co ban: Ddatte v Attedit
VIII.1. Lnh Ddatte
Lnh Ddatte chi cho php hiu chinh gi tri thuc tnh di voi Block hin
hnh, thuc hin lnh bng cch:
nh truc tip vo dng Command: Ddatte
Trn thanh cng cu Attibute: click vo biu tuong
Trn Menu chnh: Modify\Object\Attribute\Single...
Sau khi khoi dng lnh, AutoCAD dua ra dng sau:
Select Block: Chon Block cn hiu chinh
109
VIII.2. Lnh Attedit
Lnh Attedit cho php hiu chinh tt ca cc tnh cht cua thuc tnh mt
cch dc lp voi dinh nghia thuc tnh, thuc hin lnh bng cch:
nh truc tip vo dng Command: Attedit
Trn thanh cng cu Attibute: Click vo biu tuong
Trn Menu chnh: Modify\Object\Attribute\Global
Command: Attedit
Edit attributes one at a time? <Y> :
Block name specification <*> :
Attribute tag specification <*> :
Attribute value specification <*> :
Select Attributes: Chi dinh nhung thuc tnh
VIII.3. Lnh Attredef
Lnh Attedef su dung khi cn dinh nghia lai 1 khi v hiu chinh lai thuc
tnh cua khi, thuc hin lnh bng cch:
nh truc tip vo dng Command: Attredef.
Trn thanh cng cu Attibute: Click vo biu tuong.
Command: Attredef
Name of Block you wish to redefine: nhp tn Block mun dinh nghia lai.
Select Object for new block...
Select Object: Chon di tuong d tao Block moi.
Insert base point of new block: Dinh dim chn cho Block moi.
110
CHUONG XII
B TR BAN V V IN N
I. PHN GIAI MN HNH (VIEWRES)
Bin h thng Viewres diu khin d phn giai mn hnh khi xem ban v,
goi lnh bng cch dnh truc tip vo dng Command chu Viewres
Command: Viewres
Do you want fast zooms? <Y>
Enter circle zoom percent (1-20000) <100>: 20000
II. LJNH TAM NHN (VIEW)
III. KHNG GIAN M HNH (Model Space)
Trong AutoCAD c 2 khng gian lm vic l khng gian m hnh (Model
Space) v khng gian giy v (Paper Space). Truoc tin, ta s tm hiu khng
gian m hnh l g? Model Space l noi ta tao ra nhung ban v cn ban hay ban
v mu. Thng thuong khi moi bt du ban v, dng lnh Mvsetup, ta d vo
khng gian m hnh v lm vic trn d voi mt cng nhn tinh (Tiled
Viewports) mc dinh. Tiled Viewports chi c th thuc hin trong khng gian m
hnh. Khi mun tao nhiu cng nhn tinh, ta c th:
111
Tu Menu chnh: Chon View\Tiled Viewports. AutoCAD s mo tip menu
tha nhu hnh.
Nu chon New Viewports, AutoCAD s dua ra cc cch b tr cng nhn
mu, theo d ta c th chon (nhu hnh bn duoi )
Hay tu dng Command: G Vports.
AutoCAD s hin thi hp thoai nhu trn.
Thng thuong th ta chi cn mt cng nhn tinh l du, chi khi no ta cn
xem di tuong tu nhiu pha, ta moi cn tao nhiu cng nhn dng. i tuong
duoc tao ra khi lm vic trn mt cng nhn no d, cung hin thi trn tt ca cc
cng nhn cn lai.
IV. KHNG GIAN GIY V (Paper Space)
Khng gian giy v (Paper Space) l khng gian thuong dng d sp xp
cc di tuong d v trong khng gian m hnh (Model Space) theo mt trt tu
nht dinh (theo nguoi v). Trn khng gian giy, ta cung c th v di tuong,
nhu: khung tn, thanh tiu d, kch thuoc ...
Ln du tin, khi moi chuyn sang khng gian giy, nguoi v s cam thy
b ng.
112
Chon truc tip vo Layout1 hay Layout2
Trn thanh trang thi: nhp vo MODEL (nhu hnh )
V. SU DJNG KHNG GIAN GIY V V KHNG GIAN M HNH
Trong phn chuyn di qua lai giua khng gian m hnh v khng gian
giy, mt bin h thng rt quan trong d l bin TILEMODE Model (Paper ).
Khi cn lm vic trong cng nhn tinh, bin h thng TILEMODE: 1 => ta c
khng gian m hnh. Khi bin h thng TILEMODE:0 => khng gian giy v.
Mo TILEMODE bng cch:
Tu dng Command: G Tilemode
AutoCAD mo ra dng New value for TI LEMODE <0>: g vo 1
Nhp dp trn thanh trang thi cho toi khi chu TILE sng lai
Trn thanh Menu chnh: Chon View\Model Space(Tile)
Chuyn di qua lai giua khng gian m hnh v khng gian giy v ta c th su
dung bin TILEMODE bng cch:
Tu dng Command: G Tilemode
Enter new value for TILEMODE <0>: 1 (khng gian m hnh)
Cung cn luu rng, cc di tuong khi cn xu l, hiu chinh duoc v trong
khng gian no phai vo khng gian d moi c th thao tc duoc.
VI. IN BAN V (Plotting Drawing)
Trong AutoCAD, c th xut ban v ra giy theo 2 ch d: khng gian m
hnh v
khng gian giy v.
Plot to file: In thnh file voi phn mo rng l PLT
Sau khi nhp vo biu tuong trn thanh cng cu chun (Standard toolbar),
hp thoai Plot mo ra nhu hnh ( cc khai bo huong dn trong gio thuc hnh)
Plot area.
Model (Paper)
113
Xc dinh thng s cua min in, gm cc ty chon sau:
Display : In tt ca nhung g AutoCAD thy trn mn hnh
Extent : In tt ca cc di tuong trong ban v, bo qua lnh limits
Limits : In nhung di tuong trong min Limits
Window : In theo cua s chon
Min Paper Size and Orientation
C 2 ty chon don vi: theo inch v theo mm
Ty chon Rotation and Origin...
Xc dinh toa d dim gc v huong quay cua giy v
Ty chon Plotted MM v Drawing Units
Khi in theo khng gian giy v th Plotted v Drawing Units du c gi tri
l 1.
Khi in theo khng gian m hnh th Plotted MM vn o gi tri 1 nhung
Drawing.
Units s mang gi tr| cua h s ti l.
Ty chon Preview
Dng d xem truoc khi in
Cui cng ta chon OK.
114
BAI TAP
4
8
80
3
2
1
3
5
9
0
7
5
,
9
1
2
0
3
6
1
0
8
5
0
6
8
,
8
8
0
8
0
2
0
3
0
7
2
3
0
40
1
5
0
9
0
1
0
5
9
0
4
5
7
5
8
0
2
0
6
0
4
0
2
5
9
0
3
0
40
1
5
0
8
0
4
8
4
2
3
2
1
2
0
9
0
105
1
1
0
8
5
Ngi ve 10/10/2008
Kiemtra Nguyen Hai Hng
B/v:CADTEST2 Tle: 1-1
10/10/2008
BOMON TIN HOCNGDUNG
KHOA XAY DNG
BAI TAP
Sdung lenh: Line vatoa otng oi, cc, cc tng oi, POLAR va
OTRACK vecac hnh di ay.
1
0
0
4
5
40
2
0
8
0
8
0
3
0
60
1
2
0
120
6
0
1
0
0
115
1
2
0
108,5
4
0
30
6
0
6
0
1
0
1
0
0
50 50
2
0
8
0
30 30
140
Ngi ve 10/10/2008
10/10/2008
BOMONTINHOCNGDUNG
KHOA XA Y DNG
BAI TAP
55 55
1
9
3
6
2
5
3
5
100
40
60
1
5
60
2
5
4
5
30
40
3
0
60
Sdung lenh: Line vatoa otng oi vecac hnh di ay. (@X,Y)
120
34,5
15
1
8
2
2
,
5
3
6
51
2
0
84,5
7
2
3
7
Sdung lenh: Line vatoa occ tng oi vecac hnh di ay. (@D<)
Toa occ. (D<)
Toa otuyet oi. (X,Y)
36 84
156
30 30 20 30
140
4
0
6
0
1
0
0
10
2
0
50
70
90
1
5
30 20 45 60 15
5
0
4
0
2
5
25 35
42
66
90
114
3
8
2
4
2
4
116
60
R
3
0
78
8
3
48
R
1
2
R
1
6
5
6
90
R
3
0
8
4
,
5
R
5
0
100
R
2
5
100
1
0
0
R
2
5
100
7
2
H
/
2
R
2
0
Sdung lenh: Line, Circle vaphng thc bat iemvecac hnh di ay.
7
0
Ngi ve 10/10/2008
10/10/2008
BOMON TIN HOC NGDUNG
KHOA XAY DNG
BAI TAP
117
9
8
H
70
H/2
24 25 24
122
2
6
41
8
4
16
25
4
1
,
5
13,3
Sdung lenh: Line, Circle vaphng thc bat iemvecac hnh di ay.
6
0
6x30
180
60
120
6
0
1
0
0
140
10
80
1
0
9
0
4
0
2
0
30
126,6
8
5
60
1
7
,
5
10 15
1
0
1
5
1
0
1
2
0
60
15
1
5
60
6
0
Ngi ve 10/10/2008
10/10/2008
BOMONTINHOCNGDUNG
KHOA XAY DNG
BAI TAP
120
8
0
118
Sdung lenh: Line, Arc, vaCircle vecac hnh di ay.
1
0
0
100
5
0
30
4
5
100 100
15
1
5
R
1
0
R
3
5
30
R30
R10
R
8
R
1
2
R
1
0
1
1
0
140
2
5
4
5
1
0
180
100
4
0
100
1
0
0
100
1
0
0
1
0
0
100
R70
R
3
0
Ngi ve 10/10/2008
10/10/2008
BOMONTINHOCNGDUNG
KHOA XAY DNG
BAI TAP
119
Ngi ve 10/10/2007
B/v:CAD TEST2 Tle: 1-1
10/10/2007
BOMON TIN HOCNGDUNG
KHOA CONGTRNH
BAI TAP
14
2
0
2
5
2
5
55
R40
14
R31
R45
R10
R8
R5
10
30
R33
R45
12
100
R
9
0
R
3
4
3
0
12
R
50
R50
2
0
R16
15x4
99
122
R40 R29
R16
16x8L0
2
0
100
30
110
120
7
100
55
R25
10
1
2
R12
119
1
2
R8
R
2
7
120
10
20
R40
10
7
0
34
20
R20
24
60
45
20x2L0
70
2
0
8
5
R45 R35
10
4
5
25
12
14
22
11
Ngi ve 10/10/2007
Kie mtra NguyenHai Hng
10/10/2007
BOMONTINHOCNGDU NG
KHOA CONGTRNH
BAI TAP
7
5
8
8
72
R
2
0
R45
20
R20
R10
R5
10
16
121
Ngi ve 10/10/2007
B/v:CADTEST2 Tle : 1-1
BAI TAP
10/10/2007
BOMONTINHOC NGDUNG
KHOA CONGTRNH
46
2
8
X
3
22
2
0
30
14
26
18
36
R
8
8
R
5
2
R40
14
12
R12
R14
14
6
0
R10
10
16
4
2
22
R21
25
R18
16
6
0
6
0
R100
20
R60
R45
R
1
4
5
5
12
3
6
R29
8
16
4
0
10
R20
22
122
Ngi ve 10/10/2008
10/10/2008
BOMON TIN HOCNGDUNG
KHOA XAY DNG
BAI TAP
50 1
5
,
8
20
4
0
1 c
20 1
0
c
4
5
1
R
4
0
R
3
0
R50
a, Noi tiep 2 Cricle (Fillet R khac nhau)
1
1
2
2
2
2
R
2
,5
R7
2
3
13 60
88
4
8
Eliptruc ln20
truc nho18
Elip truc ln36
truc nho30
48 3
2
60
R2 R2
4
5
3
2
R
2
0
R5
R2
2
0
40
4
0
21,9
1
9
R16
R20
R
4
0
35,8
3
6
1
0
0
R30
Sdung lenh: Line, Polygon, Circle, Leng, Filet , Trim, Dimension, vecac hnh di
ay theo trnh t? t? a - i.
a, b, c,
d, e,
f, g,
h,
i,
5
0
25 30,2 29,8
85
5
3
1
,
4
a, Rectang b, Ellipse Width
Center
d, Line (TAN, TAN) f, Filllet, Circle, offset
c, Offset
e, Trim
123
57,3
R
5
6
60
80 R
6
R
6 R
2
0
R
6
R
1
4
26
R7
1
0
3
6
1
0
6
0
1
6
0
R
1
5
56
100
82
96
5
0
2
5
2
2
2
0
Ngi ve 10/10/2008
10/10/2008
BOMON TIN HOCNGDUNG
KHOA XAY DNG
BAI TAP
9
5
1
0
2
0
2
4
1
0
1
,
5
2
2
5
0
5
2
0
100
70,5
1
0
4
6
6
,
5
70
45
54
93
126
65
48
24
144
R
1
8 R
1
8
2 l? 14
30
1
5
R6
R18
R
9
3
10,4
87
120
1
1
7
2
4
132
4
5
5
1
5
1
30
51
R
3
0
R15
6 l? 20
134
186
3
6
1
5
R
1
8
6
3
R9
R17
124
Ngi ve 10/10/2008
10/10/2008
BOMON TIN HOC NGDU NG
KHOA XAY DNG
BAI TAP
1
5
30
R10
4
a, Line
b, Line c, Line d, Move
e, Copy
Cac oi tng c chon
W1
P1
P2
W2
f, Hnh dang bac thang g, Saukhi Array
Hnh ve23: Dung lenh Array vebac thang
R
4
5
30 30
20
R
2
1
1
.
5
1
0
R
2
2
0
2
Kch thc ghe
105
6
9
1
1
5
3
6 93
R25,2
R
1
0
6l? 14
R4,9
8
0
30
1
5
2
0
4
0
2
0
3
,
6
P1
P3
P4
P5
P2
1
4
,
4
31
6
2
1
0
7
91
42
3
8
,
5
8
4
8
7
125
R
25
Line (L): VeT
Polyline (PL): Vea tuyen
Polygon:(pol)
I: Noi tiep
C: Ngoai tiep
E: Canh Hatch
Viet chtren ban ve
Viet chtren ban ve
Viet chtren ban ve
V iet cht ren ban ve
Viet chtren ban ve
Chen cac kyt ac biet: O?
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Viet chtren ban ve

Viet chtren ban ve
126
Rectang (REC)
Chnhat, h.vuong
Filet; r=20
Chamfer: 20
Width
Vecung tron (Arc; A)
Veng tron(C)
Spline
127
Mt s phm tt trong Cad
F1 Lnh Hep.
F2 Lnhchuyn tu cua s d hoa sang ch d vn ban.
F3 hay Ctrl+F Tt mo ch d truy bt thuong tr.
F5 hay Ctrl+E Khi v hnh chiu truc do 2D phm ny dng chuyn tu vi tr
mt phng hnh chiu truc do ny sang mt phng hnh chiu truc do khc.
F6 hay Ctrl+D Dng tt hay mo toa d dim dng trn mn hnh.
F7 hay Ctrl+G Dng tt hay mo luoi dim trn mn hnh.
F8 hay Ctrl+L Dng tt hay mo Ortho, khi ortho on duong thng duoc v nm
hay dung.
F9 hay Ctrl+B Dng tt mo buoc nhay.
F10 hay Ctrl+U Dng tt mo dn huong cuc Polar Tracking.
F11 hay Ctrl+W Dng tt mo ch d dn huong truy bt.
Chut tri Dng d chon.
Chut phai Xut hin menu (ty chon lnh).
Phm Enter Kt thc lnh.
Phm Esc Huy bo lnh dang thuc hin.
Ctrl+C Lnh copy.
Ctrl+J Tuong tu nhu Enter.
Ctrl+N Thuc hin lnh New.
Ctrl+O Lnh Open.
Ctrl+P Lnh in.
Ctrl+S Lnh Save.
Ctrl+V Lnh Paste.
Ctrl+X Lnh Cut.
Ctrl+Y Lnh Redo.
Ctrl+Z Lnh Undo.
Ctrl+\ Huy mt lnh (Cancel).
Ctrl+1 Mo hp thoai Properties.
128
MUC LUC
CHUONG I
PHAN I
GII THIJU AUTOCAD 2007
PHAN II
GII THIJU KHI QUT
CHUONG II
TO CHUC BAN V
CHUONG III
CC BUC, LJNH V CO BAN
CHUONG IV
CC LJNH TRUY BAT DI TUNG
CHUONG V
LP V DANG UNG NT
CHUONG VI
KY THUAT HIJU CHINH CO BAN
CHUONG VII
CC LJNH V NHANH
CHUONG VIII.
KY THUAT V NNG CAO
CHUONG IX.
CH V KCH THUC
CHUONG X
KY THUAT HIJU CHINH NNG CAO
CHUONG XI
KHI V THUC TNH (BLOCKS V ATTRIBUTES)
CHUONG XII
B TR BAN V V IN N
BI TAP

Giaotrinh Autocad 2d 2007

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Giaotrinh Autocad 2d 2007

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Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007 KS Nguyn Hai Hung

Viet chtren ban ve

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