Professional Documents
Culture Documents
several model syllabi for courses of differing lengths, as well as additional class references. The Instructors Guide is available free online. If you would like to download and print out a copy of the Guide, please visit: www.wiley.com/college/pynes
Y
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FOR PUBLIC AND NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS
A STRATEGIC APPROACH
THIRD EDITION Joan E. Pynes
Copyright 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741www.josseybass.com No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the Web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-6008, or online at www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Readers should be aware that Internet Web sites offered as citations and/or sources for further information may have changed or disappeared between the time this was written and when it is read. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or tness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of prot or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Jossey-Bass books and products are available through most bookstores. To contact Jossey-Bass directly, call our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 800-956-7739, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3986, or fax 317-572-4002. Jossey-Bass also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pynes, Joan. Human resources management for public and nonprot organizations : a strategic approach / Joan E. Pynes.3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-470-33185-9 (cloth/website) 1. Nonprot organizationsUnited StatesPersonnel management. 2. Public administrationUnited StatesPersonnel management. I. Title. HF5549.2.U5P96 2009 658.3dc22 2008032854 Printed in the United States of America
THIRD EDITION
HB Printing
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
PART ONE: HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN CONTEXT 1 1 Introduction to Human Resources Management in the Public and Nonprot Sectors 3
The Public Sector 5 11 22 23 The Nonprot Sector
vi
Contents
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Strategic Human Resources Management Problems and Implications of Strategic Human Resources Management Conclusion 49
46 47
55
Afrmative Action: Executive Orders and Other Federal Laws Afrmative Action 71 73 78
Constitutional Rights
88
101
The Difference Between Compliance with Laws and Managing Diversity Strategic Human Resources Management Implications for Managing Diversity 107 Conclusion 110
105
Contents
vii
120
Volunteer Protection Act Service Initiatives Governing Boards Conclusion 139 131 132
PART TWO: METHODS AND FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 145 6 Job Analysis 149
Legal Signicance of Job Analysis Data Job Analysis Information and Methods Designing a Job Analysis Program Strategic Job Analysis 164 158 151 153
Competency Modeling 166 Job Analysis Techniques 171 Contextual Performance Conclusion 175 174
viii
Contents
223
Ethical Issues in Performance Appraisal Performance Appraisal Techniques 234 Team-Based Performance Techniques
241 245
Employee and Management Motivations: Public and Nonprot Organizations Versus For-Prot Organizations Conclusion 246
9 Compensation 251
Equity 252 269 271 274 Executive Compensation and Benets Federal Laws Governing Compensation
State and Local Government Minimum Wages Living Wages 274 276
10 Benets
284
285 289 297
Required Benets
Discretionary Benets
Contents
ix
12 Labor-Management Relations: Collective Bargaining in the Public and Nonprot Sectors 339
The History of Private Sector Collective Bargaining Collective Bargaining in Nonprot Organizations Collective Bargaining in the Federal Government 340 343 344 346
Collective Bargaining in State and Local Governments Concepts and Practices of Collective Bargaining Public Sector Distinctions 358 Nonprot Sector Distinctions 362 Privatization of Public Services 366 Conclusion 367 346
373
Electronic Human Resources Management Strategic Human Resources Management Conclusion 390
Subject Index
Figures
4.1 13.1 Change Model for Work on Diversity 109 Uses of Human Resources Information Systems 384
Tables
1.1 1.2 1.3 5.1 6.1 9.1 9.2 9.3 IRS Organization Reference Chart 12 Number of Nonprot Organizations in the United States, 19962006 17 National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities: Broad Categories 19 Grid for Matching Incumbent and Potential Board Members 136 Department of Labor Worker Functions 172 General Schedule Pay Scale: Annual Rates by Grade and Step 259 City-County Library District Salary and Wage Schedule 260 Comparable Municipal Market Study for Select Local Government Positions 263
xi
xii
Exhibits
5.1 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 7.1 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 9.1 11.1 11.2 12.1 Information Sheet on Prospective Appointee for Citizen Board or Commission 125 Job Analysis Questionnaire 154 Structured Task Questionnaire 156 Example Job Descriptions 160 Competencies of Canadian Public Managers 167 American Cancer Society Competencies 169 Resources for Job Seekers 186 Common Rating Errors 225 Trait Rating Scale 236 Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale 238 Management by Objectives Rating Scale 239 Sample Critical Incidents Report 240 Questions to Consider When Developing a Performance Evaluation System 244 Typical Compensable Factors 256 Montgomery County, Maryland, Leadership Competencies 328 Leadership Competencies Expected of Senior Executive Service Executives 330 National Labor Relations Board Jurisdictional Standards in Effect as of July 1990 342
EXERCISES
1.1 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 5.1 5.2 6.1 6.2 7.1 7.2 8.1 8.2 9.1
Art Museums Are Looking for Leaders 29 Nature Conservancys Leader Abruptly Steps Down 52 Travis County, Texas, Facing a Brain Drain 53 A Muslim Womans Right to Wear a Head Scarf at Work 84 State and Local Laws on Human Resources Management 85 Susan-Steve Stanton 112 Tattoos and Piercing: Are They Acceptable in Public Safety Positions? 113 Voluntourism 141 Screening for Terrorists 142 General Manager and Chief Executive of the Walter E. Washington Convention Center Resigns 177 Caseworkers Often Face Tremendous Difculties 178 Recruiting Medical Personnel in Southwest Florida 211 Boomerang Database Used to Recruit Retirees Back to the Labor Force 213 The HR Director Resigns Immediately 248 Why Executive Directors Get Fired 249 Compensation and Retirement Benets from the United Way of Metropolitan Atlanta 281
xiii
xiv
Exercises
Are There Too Few Troopers for Safety? 282 Supporting Adoption in Carmel, Indiana 304 Depression Reported by 7 Percent of the Workforce 305 Improving Leadership Prospects for Women at Jewish Charities Training First Responders in Water Rescue 337 No Union-Related E-Mail 370 Teachers at New York City Catholic Schools Strike 371 No-E-Mail Fridays 392 Tracking Workers Through Technology 393
336