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 A Handbook of Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian
Wayles BrowneandTheresa Alt
 
 
 
AcknowledgementsWe are grateful to many teachers, colleagues, friends and other speakerswho helped us over the years; particularly to the late Prof. Rudolf Filipović whobrought us into contact with most of these valued people. He organized thecontrastive grammar projects, which we both worked on in Zagreb, and directedW. Browne’s thesis. We further thank Milka Ivić and the late Pavle Ivić,professors under whom W. Browne earlier studied in Novi Sad.We thank Grace Fielder for inviting us to create the present site for inclusion in the University of North Carolina/Duke University series; EdnaAndrews, head of the Slavic and East European Language Resource Center;Troy Williams, both Slavist and computer expert, and his colleague Cal Wright atthe Center who both did valiant work converting our archaic fonts into universally-readable .pdf format.Bernard Comrie and Greville Corbett kindly invited W. Browne to write theSerbo-Croat chapter (Browne 1993) for their book
The Slavonic Languages.
 Much of this web publication stems from Browne 1993, but has been rewritten for clarity and simplicity. Most of what Browne 1993 said about accents, languagehistory and dialects is not used here, so those interested will still need to lookthere. This text also includes material that did not fit into Browne 1993 becauseof length limits. Finally, this text includes much new material.Material of all these sorts has been checked against the Oslo Bosniancorpus at http://www.tekstlab.uio.no/Bosnian/Corpus.html and the CroatianNational Corpus at http://www.hnk.ffzg.hr/korpus.htm (see web resources in theBibliography), and we hereby express our gratitude to both these corpora.Our gratitude also goes to Sasha Skenderija of the Cornell Law SchoolLibrary for letting us use the Text Samples from his short story “ToFa”.
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Table of ContentsAbbreviations 60. Introduction 70.1 Geography 70.2 History 70.3 Dialects 80.4 Standard languages 91. Sound system 101.1 Vowels and consonants 101.1.1 Vowels 101.1.2 Consonants 121.1.3 Alphabets 121.2 Accent and vowel length 151.2.1 Long and short vowels 151.2.2 Accents 151.3 Alternations 161.3.1 Consonant changes 161.3.2 Vowel changes 181.3.3 Alternations from later sound changes 192. Morphology 212.1 Noun, pronoun and adjective endings 212.1.1 Categories 212.1.1.1 Numbers 212.1.1.2 Cases 212.1.1.2.1 Uses of the cases 212.1.1.2.2 Fewer case forms in plural 282.1.1.3 Genders 282.1.2 Noun declensions 282.1.2.1 Nouns with
-a 
in genitive singular 292.1.2.1.1 Masculine zero-ending nouns 292.1.2.1.2 Neuter 
-o / -e 
ending nouns 302.1.2.2 Nouns with
-e 
in genitive singular 312.1.2.3 Nouns with
-i 
in genitive singular 322.1.2.4 Nouns declining as adjectives 322.1.3 Pronoun declensions 332.1.3.1 Personal and reflexive pronouns 332.1.3.2 Demonstrative, possessive and other pronouns 332.1.3.3 'All' 352.1.3.4 Interrog. pronouns, demonstrative and interrogative forms 352.1.4 Adjectival declensions 362.1.4.1 Long and short endings 382.1.4.2 Soft stems 382.1.4.3 Short and long contrasted 382.1.4.4 Possessive adjectives 382.1.4.5 Passive participles 382.1.4.6 Comparatives and superlatives 38
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