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LW/M 117 1 MACEDONIAN
Contents
Abbreviations..................................................................................................30 Sociolinguistic and Geolinguistic Situation.....................................................40.1 Geography..........................................................................................40.2 Terminology and History.........................................................................40.3 Standardization.....................................................................................50.4 Status................................................................................................60.5 Dialects..............................................................................................60.5.1 Major Isoglosses...................................................................................60.5.2 Vocalic Inventories................................................................................60.5.3 Prosody.............................................................................................70.5.4 Morphology........................................................................................70.6 Number of Speakers..............................................................................81 Phonology..........................................................................................81.1 Orthography........................................................................................81.2 Phonemic Inventory and Phonotactics..........................................................91.2.1 Vowels..............................................................................................91.2.2 Consonants........................................................................................101.3 Prosody............................................................................................121.3.1 Lexical Exceptions................................................................................121.3.2 Phrasal Exceptions...............................................................................121.4 Morphophonemic Alternations..................................................................131.4.1 Velar with Palatal.................................................................................131.4.2 Velar with Dental.................................................................................131.4.3 Dental or Velar with Palatal......................................................................131.4.4 Cluster Simplification............................................................................131.4.5 Dissimilation with
-c
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e
............................................................................141.4.6 Progressive Voicing Assimilation..............................................................141.4.7 Isolated Consonantal Alternations..............................................................141.4.8 Vowel~Zero Alernations.........................................................................141.4.9 Vocalic Alternations..............................................................................152 Morphology.......................................................................................152.1 Nouns..............................................................................................152.1.1 Gender.............................................................................................152.1.2 Number............................................................................................152.1.3 Definiteness.......................................................................................172.1.4 Case................................................................................................182.1.5 Noun Derivation..................................................................................192.2 Adjectives..........................................................................................212.2.1 Gender/Number...................................................................................212.2.2 Definiteness.......................................................................................212.2.3 Gradation..........................................................................................212.2.4 Adjective Derivation..............................................................................22
 
LW/M 117 2 MACEDONIAN
2.3 Pronouns..........................................................................................222.3.1 Personal............................................................................................222.3.2 Possessive.........................................................................................232.3.3 Deictic..............................................................................................232.3.4 Interrogative.......................................................................................232.3.5 Totalizing..........................................................................................242.4 Numerals..........................................................................................242.4.1 Cardinal (non-virile)..............................................................................242.4.2 Virile...............................................................................................242.4.3 Definiteness.......................................................................................242.4.4 Ordinals............................................................................................242.5 Verbs...............................................................................................252.5.1 Inflection...........................................................................................252.5.2 Verbal Categories.................................................................................302.5.3 Verb Derivation...................................................................................362.6 Adverbs............................................................................................362.7 Prepositions.......................................................................................363 Syntax..............................................................................................373.1 Element Order in Declarative Sentences........................................................373.2 Nondeclarative Sentence Types.................................................................403.3 Copular and Existential Sentences..............................................................433.4 Coordination and Comitativity..................................................................433.5 Subordination.....................................................................................443.6 Negation...........................................................................................463.7 Anaphora and Pronouns.........................................................................473.8 Reflexives and Reciprocals......................................................................493.9 Possession.........................................................................................513.10 Quantification.....................................................................................51Texts......................................................................................................53References....................................................................................................57Acknowledgments...........................................................................................59Map......................................................................................................60
 
LW/M 117 3 MACEDONIAN
Abbreviations
ACCaccusativeNOMnominativeADJadjectiveOobjectADVadverbQUinterrogativeAOaoristPperfectiveAUGaugmentativePLpluralAUXauxiliaryPRpresentCconsonantPROpronounCOLcollectivePXproximalDATdativeSsubjectDEFdefiniteSUsubjunctiveDIMdiminutiveSGsingularDSdistalTRtransitiveEXexpectative (future)VverbFfeminineVAverbal adjectiveHYhypotheticalVLvowelHUMhumanVNverbal nounIimperfectiveVVverbal adverbIDFindefiniteØmorphological zeroIMimperfect[ ]phonetic transcriptionITRintransitive{ }morphemic transcriptionIVimperative/ /phonemic transcriptionLFl-form< >orthographic symbolMmasculine>results inNneuter<comes fromNEGnegative~alternates withNNnoun' 'English glossesItalics are used for the transliteration of Macedonian Cyrillic orthography, which is mostlyphonemic.The citation form for verbs is the third singular present unless otherwise indicated.
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