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AP European History/Neiffer
Reading Guide:Chapter 26: Political Experiments of the 1920s
Political and Economic Favors after the Paris Settlement
Postwar Economic Problems
•
Warren G. Harding's
normalcy
(silly Americans!)
•
Rise of the United States as an economic power (silly Americans!)
•
What impact did the war have on European economics?New Roles for Government and Labor
•
What was the impact of WWI on labor relations?
The Soviet Experiment Begins
War Communism
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The
Cheka
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How did War Communism revolutionize the Soviet economy?The New Economic Policy
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What was the “New Economic Policy?”Stalin Versus Trotsky (EPIC COMMUNIST BATTLE)
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What was Trotsky's intellectual position in the post-revolution era?
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Who is Joseph Stalin (you may call him Uncle Joe)?
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Pravda
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How did Stalin ultimately win?The Third International
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Comintern
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What is the Third International?
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What was Europe's response to the calls of the Third International? The impact?Women and the Family in the Early Soviet Union
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Communism and the Family
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What was the role of women and family in the new Soviet Union?
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What rights did women gain under the early Soviet Union?
•
What was the ultimate place of women in the Soviet Union?
The Fascist Experiment in Italy
What is fascism?The Rise of Mussolini
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What was the background of Mussolini?
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How did Mussolini evolve from socialism to fascism?
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What was the conditions in Italy after WWI?
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How did Mussolini slowly gain power?
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The “Black Shirts”
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The “March on Rome”
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How did Mussolini seize power?
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The Fascists in Power
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How did Italian Fascists rule?
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How did Fascists use propaganda?
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What agreement did Fascists make with the Vatican?Motherhood for the Nation in Fascist Italy
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How were women treated by the government in Italy?
•
Joyless Victors
France: The Search for Security
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What political decisions were made in France in the 1920s?
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What was France's position internationally after WWI?
•
Little Entente...
and the German and Russian response
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What problems plagued the attempts of France to get reparationsfrom WWI?
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Cartel des Gauches
Great Britain: Economic Confusion
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How did politics change in Great Britain after WWI?
•
Describe the rise of the Labour Party. What was their platform?
•
The General Strike of 1926
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How did the British empire change after WWI?
•
Irish Self Rule
◦
Sinn Fein
◦
What causes continued violence over the issue of Irelanddespite Irish independence?
Trials of the Successor States in EasternEurope
Economic and Ethnic Pressures
•
What factors made new states weak?Poland: Democracy to Military Rule
•
Why did a military dictator take over in Poland?Hungary: Turn to Authoritarianism
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What perpetuated violence during in Hungary after WWI?
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Why did conservatives rule in Hungary during the 20s and 30s?Austria: Political Turmoil and Nazi Occupation
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How did Nazis take over in this region in the 30s?Southeastern Europe: Royal Dictatorships
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How did ethnic tensions dominate this region after WWI?
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What royal dictatorships rose during this era?
The Weimar Republic in Germany
Constitutional Flaws
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Reichstag
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Lack of Broad Popular Support
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Why did the Weimar government lack political support?
•
Kapp Putsch
Invasion of the Ruhr and Inflation
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What caused the incredibly inflation in Germany during the1920s?
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What led to the French invasion of the Ruhr Valley?Hitler's Early Career
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What is Hitler background?
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What was critical in the development of Hitler's politicalphilosophy?
••
Describe the creation of the Nazis.
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How did Nazis twist the concept of socialism?
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What is the SA? How were they used to expand Naziism?
•
The Beer Hall Putsch
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Mein Kampf
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What decisions did Hitler reach in prison?The Stresemann Years
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Gustav Stresemann
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Paul von HindenburgLocarno
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What was the Locarno Agreement?
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Was was the response of the Locarno Agreement by European countries?
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Why was the joy over the agreement not lasting?
Review Questions
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How did the Bolshevik revolution pose a challenge to the rest of Europe? Why did Lenin institute theNew Economic Policy? Could the Russian Revolution have succeeded without Lenin? How did theComintern affect Western socialist parties? How did Stalin overcome Trotsky and establish himself ashead of the Soviet state? How did the Bolshevik revolution result in the split of the socialist parties inWestern Europe?
•
What was fascism? How and why did the fascists obtain power in Italy? To whom did they appeal? Whatwere the differences between the fascist dictatorship of Mussolini and the communist dictatorship of Stalin? What was the status of women under these regimes?
•
Why were Britain and France “joyless victors” after World War I? What weakness did each have? Howdid World War I change British politics? How did Ireland win its independence?
•
Why did France find it difficult to achieve security after the Versailles treaty? Was the invasion of theRuhr wise? Was the Locarno pact a success?
•
Why was Czechoslovakia the only generally viable democracy in eastern Europe? What forces workedagainst democracy in the region?
•
Was the failure of the Weimar Republic in Germany inevitable? Between 1919 and 1929, what were therepublic’s greatest strengths and weaknesses? Why did the Versailles Treaty loom so large in domesticGerman politics? What was the position of the Nazi Party in the late l920s?
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