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Note:
Brunner and Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing is said to be the Board of Nursing’s main source of questions for the local boards.Here are 500 questions straight from the CD. The
correct answer 
to each question is the
FIRST word/phrase/statement after each question,followed by its rationale.
The next three statements after the answers are WRONG options.1. According to Maslow, which of the following categories of needs represents the most basic?
Answer: Physiologic needsPhysiologic needs must be met before an individual is able to move toward psychological health and well-being.
Wrong Choice: Self-actualizationSelf-actualization is the highest level of needWrong Choice: Safety and security needsSafety and security needs, while lower level, are not essential to physiologic survival.Wrong Choice: BelongingnessBelongingness and affection needs are not essential to physiologic survival.2. Which of the following statements reflects the World Health Organization’s definition of health?
Answer: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.Such a definition, however, does not allow for any variations in the degrees of wellness or illness.
Wrong Choice: A condition of homeostatis and adaptation.The WHO definition addresses physical, mental, and social dimensions of being.Wrong Choice: An individual’s location along a wellness--illness continuum.The concept of a health--illness continuum allows for a greater range in describing a person’s health than the definition provided by the WHO.Wrong Choice: A fluid, ever-changing balance reflected through physical, mental, and social behavior.The WHO definition does not allow for any variations in the degrees of wellness and illness.3. Which of the following statements defines culture?
Answer: The learned patterns of behavior, beliefs, and values that can be attributed to a particular group of people.Included among characteristics that distinguish cultural groups are manner of dress, values, artifacts, and health beliefs and practices.
Wrong Choice: A group of people distinguished by genetically transmitted material.A group of people distinguished by genetically transmitted material describes the term race.Wrong Choice: The status of belonging to a particular region by origin, birth, or naturalization.The status of belonging to a particular region by origin, birth, or naturalization describes the term nationality.Wrong Choice: The classification of a group based upon certain distinctive characteristics.The classification of a group based upon certain distinctive characteristics describes the term ethnicity.4. The reason that case management has gained such prominence in health care can be traced to
Answer: decreased cost of care associated with inpatient stay.The reasons case management has gained such prominence can be traced to the decreased cost of care associated with decreased length of hospital stay, coupled with rapid and frequent inter-unit transfers from specialty to standard care units.
Wrong Choice: increased length of hospital stay.In general, length of hospital stay has decreased over the past 5 years.Wrong Choice: discharge from specialty care units to home.In general, patients are transferred from specialty care units to standard care units at least 24 hours prior to discharge.Wrong Choice: limited availability for inter-unit hospital transfers.In general, patients in acute care hospitals undergo frequent inter-unit transfers from specialty to standard care units.5. A preferred provider organization is described as a
Answer: business arrangement between hospitals and physicians.PPO’s usually contract to provide health care to subscribers, usually businesses, for a negotiated fee that often is discounted.
prepaid group health practice system.A prepaid group health practice system is termed a health maintenance organization.limited insurance program.Insurance is a cost payment system of shared risk, not a health care delivery system.health care savings account program.A health care savings account program is an incentive program to consumers, not a health care delivery system.6. Which of the following categories identifies the focus of community/public health nursing practice?
Answer: Promoting and maintaining the health of populations and preventing and minimizing the progress of diseaseAlthough nursing interventions used by public health nurses might involve individuals, families, or small groups, the central focus remainspromoting health and preventing disease in the entire community.
Rehabilitation and restorative servicesRehabilitation and restorative services are the focus of extended care facilities and home care nursing.Adaptation of hospital care to the home environmentAdaptation of hospital care to the home environment is the focus of home nursing.Hospice care deliveryHospice care delivery refers to the delivery of services to the terminally ill.
 
7. A major goal for home care nurses is
Answer: restoring maximum health function.Tertiary preventive nursing care, focusing on rehabilitation and restoring maximum health function, is a goal for home care nurses.
promoting the health of populations.Promoting the health of populations is a focus of community/public health nursing.minimizing the progress of disease.Minimizing the progress of disease is a focus of community/public health nursing.maintaining the health of populations.Maintaining the health of populations is a focus of community/public health nursing.8. In the United States, nurses performing invasive procedures need to be up-to-date with their immunizations, particularly
Answer: hepatitis B.
Hepatitis B is transmitted through contact with infected blood or plasma.hepatitis E.Hepatitis E is found mainly in underdeveloped countries with substandard sanitation and water quality.hepatitis A.hepatitis A is transmitted through the oral route from the feces and saliva of an infected person.hepatitis C.At present, immunization against hepatitis C is not available.9. At what time during a patient’s hospital stay does discharge planning begin?
Answer: AdmissionTo prepare for early discharge and the possible need for follow-up in the home, discharge planning begins with the patient’s admission.
Twenty-four hours prior to dischargeDischarge planning requires identification of patient needs and anticipatory guidance and is not relegated to a specific time for beginning.The shift prior to dischargeDischarge planning requires communication with and cooperation of the patient, family, and health care team and is not relegated to a specific time for beginning.By the third hospital dayDischarge planning may require involvement of personnel and agencies in the planning process and is not relegated to a specific day of hospital stay.10. The leading health problems of elementary school children include
Answer: cancer.The leading health problems of elementary school children are injuries, infections, malnutrition, dental disease, and cancer.
alcohol and drug abuse.Alcohol and drug abuse are leading health problems for high school students.mental and emotional problems.Mental and emotional problems are leading health problems for high school students.homicide.Homicide is a leading health problem for high school children.11. Which skill needed by the nurse to think critically involves identification of patient problems indicated by data?
Answer: AnalysisAnalysis is used to identify patient problems indicated by data.
InterpretationInterpretation is used to determine the significance of data that is gathered.InferencingInferences are used by the nurse to draw conclusions.ExplanationExplanation is the justification of actions or interventions used to address patient problems and to help a patient move toward desired outcomes.12. The ethics theory that focuses on ends or consequences of actions is the
Answer: utilitarian theory.Utilitarian theory is based on the concept of the greatest good for the greatest number.
formalist theory.Formalist theory argues that moral standards exist independently of the ends or consequences.deontological theory.Deontological theory argues that moral standards exist independently of the ends or consequences.adaptation theory.Adaptation theory is not an ethics theory.13. Which of the following ethical principles refers to the duty to do good?
 
Answer: BeneficenceBeneficence is the duty to do good and the active promotion of benevolent acts.
FidelityFidelity refers to the duty to be faithful to one's commitments.VeracityVeracity is the obligation to tell the truth.NonmaleficenceNonmaleficence is the duty not to inflict, as well as to prevent and remove, harm; it is more binding than beneficence.14. During which step of the nursing process does the nurse analyze data related to the patient's health status?
Answer: AssessmentAnalysis of data is included as part of the assessment.
ImplementationImplementation is the actualization of the plan of care through nursing interventions.DiagnosisDiagnosis is the identification of patient problems.EvaluationEvaluation is the determination of the patient's responses to the nursing interventions and the extent to which the outcomes have been achieved.15. The basic difference between nursing diagnoses and collaborative problems is that
nurses manage collaborative problems using physician-prescribed interventions.Collaborative problems are physiologic complications that nurses monitor to detect onset or changes and manage through the use of physician-prescribed and nursing-prescribed interventions to minimize the complications of events.
collaborative problems can be managed by independent nursing interventions.Collaborative problems require both nursing and physician-prescribed interventions.nursing diagnoses incorporate physician-prescribed interventions.Nursing diagnoses can be managed by independent nursing interventions.nursing diagnoses incorporate physiologic complications that nurses monitor to detect change in status.Nursing diagnoses refer to actual or potential health problems that can be managed by independent nursing interventions.16. Health education of the patient by the nurse
is an independent function of nursing practice.Health education is an independent function of nursing practice and is included in all state nurse practice acts.
requires a physician's order.Teaching, as a function of nursing, is included in all state nurse practice acts.must be approved by the physician.Health education is a primary responsibility of the nursing profession.must focus on wellness issues.Health education by the nurse focuses on promoting, maintaining, and restoring health; preventing illness; and assisting people to adapt to the residualeffects of illness.17. Nonadherence to therapeutic regimens is a significant problem for which of the following age groups?
Adults 65 and over Elderly people frequently have one or more chronic illnesses that are managed with numerous medications and complicated by periodicacute episodes, making adherence difficult.
TeenagersProblems of teenagers, generally, are time limited and specific, and require promoting adherence to treatment to return to health.ChildrenIn general, the compliance of children depends on the compliance of their parents.Middle-aged adultsMiddle-aged adults, in general, have fewer health problems, thus promoting adherence.18. Experiential readiness to learn refers to the patient's
past history with education and life experience.Experiential readiness refers to past experiences that influence a person's ability to learn.
emotional status.Emotional readiness refers to the patient's acceptance of an existing illness or the threat of an illness and its influence on the ability to learn.acceptance of an existing illness.Emotional readiness refers to the patient's acceptance of an existing illness or the threat of an illness and its influence on the ability to learn.ability to focus attention.Physical readiness refers to the patient's ability to cope with physical problems and focus attention upon learning.19. Asking the patient questions to determine if the person understands the health teaching provided would be included during which step of the nursing
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