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TATAP MUKA 1

KOMPETENSI DASAR :
Menjelaskan ruang lingkup Geologi
INDIKATOR PENCAPAIAN : Batasan geologi, ruang lingkup, ilmu-ilmu terkait Cara mempelajari geologi Sistem dalam geologi Profesi yang berhubungan dengan geologi

RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI


Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi Ilmu-ilmu terkait dengan geologi Sistem dalam geologi Mengapa belajar geologi?

Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi


Geology is the study of the Earth as a whole, its origin, structure, composition, and history (including the development of life), and the nature of the processes which have given rise to its present state.

Whitten, DGA and Brooks, JRV. 1977. The Penguin Dictionary of Geology. Middlesex: Penguin Books. p. 204.

Pertanyaan: Cari definisi lain dari buku-buku geologi berbahasa Inggris di Perpustakaan Pusat.

Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi


Mengikuti pendidikan kebumian Lokatama untuk belajar geologi: Perpustakaan termasuk internet Laboratorium (studio) dan museum geologi Lapangan Sebagaimana pembelajaran ilmu alam yang lain, dalam menghadapi bahan atau fenomena geologi perlu dilakukan: Observasi (pengamatan), Analisis, dan Sintesis

Perhatikan Belum dikatakan belajar geologi sebelum ke perpustakaan, laboratorium, dan lapangan (survei)! Apakah FTM UPN Veteran Yogyakarta memfasilitasi pembelajaran di 3 (tiga) lokatama termasuk museum tersebut di atas?

RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI


Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi Ilmu-ilmu terkait dengan geologi Sistem dalam geologi Mengapa belajar geologi?

Ilmu-ilmu terkait
TEKNOLOGI TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN TEKNIK PANASBUMI PERTANIAN DLL

ILMU-ILMU TERAPAN

TEKNIK INDUSTRI TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN PARIWISATA SIPIL GEOLOGI GEOARKEOLOGI GEOLOGI BAHAN GALIAN PANASBUMI DLL GEOLOGI GEOLOGI GEOLOGI MINYAKBUMI TEKNIK PLANOLOGI LINGKUNGAN METEOROLOGI HIDROLOGI STATISTIKA MATEMATIKA

ILMU-ILMU DASAR KEBUMIAN

GEOLOGI

PEDOLOGI
BIOLOGI

ILMU-ILMU DASAR

FISIKA

KIMIA

Ilmu-ilmu antara
GEOFISIKA
GEOKIMIA GEOSTATISTIKA

FISIKA
KIMIA STATISTIKA HIDROLOGI

GEOLOGI

GEOHIDROLOGI

PALEONTOLOGI
GEOWISATA GEOARKEOLOGI DLL

BIOLOGI
PARIWISATA ARKEOLOGI

Pertanyaan: Mengapa muncul ilmu-ilmu antara?

Cabang-cabang geologi
GEOLOGI
PALEONTOLOGI MINERALOGI PETROLOGI GEOLOGI STRUKTUR TEKTONIKA VOLKANOLOGI GEOLOGI SEJARAH GEOMORFOLOGI

STRATIGRAFI

SPELEOLOGI

LIMNOLOGI

SEDIMENTOLOGI

DLL

Pertanyaan: Mengapa banyak cabang-cabang geologi?

Yang dipelajari Geologi a.l.:


Batuan : Petrologi Urutan perlapisan batuan : Stratigrafi Arsitektur litosfera : Geologi Struktur Kehidupan purba : Paleontologi Kegunung-apian : Vulkanologi Pengendapan batuan : Sedimentologi Bentuk permukaan : Geomorfologi Terjadinya bahan tambang

Petrologi
Terbentuknya batuan Jenis-jenis batuan Komposisi batuan Struktur dan tekstur batuan

Stratigrafi
Urut-urutan lapisan Umur tiap-tiap lapisan Hubungan antar lapisan Variasi tiap-tiap lapisan

Geologi Struktur
Lipatan: antiklin, sinklin Sesar/Patahan Kekar/retakan

Paleontologi
Terjadinya fosil Bermacam-macam organisme purba Umur fosil/batuan yang mengandungnya Lingkungan kehidupan purba

Geomorfologi
Bentuk Positif: gunung, bukit, pegunungan Bentuk Negatif : lembah, saluran Dataran Proses yang membentuk morfologi: pelapukan, pengikisan

Vulkanologi
Terjadinya gunung api Kegiatan gunung api Tipe-tipenya Hasil aktivitasnya

Hidrogeologi

Air di Dalam Batuan

PROSES GEOLOGI

ENDOGEN (INTERNAL)

EKSOGEN (EKSTERNAL)

PROSES ENDOGEN

PROSES EKSOGEN

Gerakan massa tanah/batuan

RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI


Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi Ilmu-ilmu terkait Sistem dalam geologi Mengapa belajar geologi?

GEOSPHERE

Initially, it was an homogenous material

GEOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERE

BIOSPHERE HYDROSPHERE SOLID EARTH

Diversifications

GEOSPHERE
Dynamic equilibrium

ATMOSPHERE

BIOSPHERE

HIDROSPHERE

SOLID EARTH (LITHOSPHERE TO CORE)

RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI


Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi Ilmu-ilmu terkait Sistem dalam geologi Mengapa belajar geologi?

Why Study Geology?


Because geology is all around us.
1. Geological Resources 2. The Environment Environmental 3. Geological Hazards Geology
(Changes posing risks)

4. Engineering 5. Landforms and Surface Processes 6. Historical Geology


Geology forms the basis of our great civilizations

Why Study Geology?


1. Geological Resources
The Cradle of Civilization (Fertile Crescent) Development limited by availability, e.g., soil, water, energy Conflicts based on resources, e.g., water, minerals, oil

http://encarta.msn.com/

The Cradle of Civilization


Sprung from geology of the region
Tigris River, Iraq

http://encarta.msn.com/

Misuse of Resources
2. The Environment
These Maps illustrate the Fertile Crescent in 1973 (top) and 2000 (bottom). Permanent marshlands, pictured in green, have shrunk 90 percent in that period.

Illustration courtesy United Nations Environment Program

Misuse of Geologic Resources


Desiccation of the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan

2. The Environment

http://www.grida.no/aral/aralsea/english/arsea/arsea.htm

Overuse of Geologic Resources


2. The Environment (Geology in the News)
1.7 billion are joining the consumer class and the environment wont sustain this standard of living (Worldwatch Institute 2004) Emissions of Greenhouse gasses is accelerating global warming Climate change is accelerating melting of glaciers and driving mass extinctions

(The Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation, Leeds University, UK)

Geology in the News

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003

San Andreas Fault

3. Geologic Hazards
Two die in 6.5 magnitude Earthquake near San Lois Obispo California Earthquake triggers mudslides

Assessing Risk
Major Quake Likely to Strike San Francisco Bay Region Between 2003 and 2032

3. Geologic Hazards Assessing Risks Avoiding Risks Preventing Damage Predicting Impact
http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/seismology/wg02/

Earthquake
Bam, Iran
A Magnitude 6.5 Earthquake hits a stone- and mudhouse city of 100,000 in Iran 1226-03
30,000 Dead 30,000 Refugees

Photos from AP

US sends aid and releases sanctions Relations improved

3. Geological Hazards
Volcanoes

Landslides

Earthquakes

4. Geology in Engineering
Slope Failure Risk Assessment and Control

To prevent slope failure engineers must understand the geology that forms and controls the slope

Geology in Engineering
The Leaning Tower Straightens Up
In Pisa the tilted one is back in business after an 11-year effort to keep it from collapsing
Committee member John Burland, an engineer, promoted soil extraction as the best way to save the tower.

Engineers use knowledge of geology to design, protect and correct structures

www.smithsonianmag.si.edu

5. Landforms and Surface Processes


H.C. Berann (1915-1999) Yosemite National Park, 1987

Glaciers Mass Wasting


Streams Shorelines Deserts Groundwater
http://www.berann.com

Sub Disciplines
Areas of Study Which Rely on Geology
Environmental Geology
Environmental Sciences: how we influence the earth Geologic Hazards: how geology influences us

Engineering Geology
Geologic Materials Foundations Geotechnical engineering

Sub Disciplines (cont.)


Geological Resources
Locating and characterizing amounts and quality Extracting and Understanding environmental effects of extraction and use (misuse, overuse) of resources

Historical Geology
Deciphering Earth History and Evolution of life

TEORI TEKTONIK LEMPENG (PLATE TECTONIC THEORY)


Semua proses dan hasil proses geologi diakibatkan oleh dinamika kulit bumi (litosfera) yang bentuknya pipih, seperti lempeng

Karena: - tataan geologinya - tataan tektoniknya:

Indonesia kaya akan:


- Sumberdaya mineral: bahan tambang (emas, perak, tembaga, timah putih, minyak & gas bumi, pasir, batu, dll - Bencana alam: gempa bumi, tsunami, gunungapi, tanah longsor, dll

Dengan demikian geologi digunakan dimana saja?

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