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HealthPromotionModel(HPM) FrequentQuestionsandAnswers NolaJ.Pender 1. WhydidyoudeveloptheHealthPromotionModel? Veryearlyinmynursingcareer,itbecameapparentthathealthprofessionalsintervenedonly afterpeopledevelopedacuteorchronichealthproblems.Attentionwasdevotedtotreatment. Iwasconvincedthatthequalityoflifeofindividualscouldbegreatlyimprovedbypreventing problemsbeforetheyoccurred.Further,healthcaredollarscouldbesavedbypromoting healthylifestyles.Ibecameinterestedinhowpeoplemakedecisionsabouthealthbehaviors.I readextensivelyabouthealth,optimalhealth,highlevelwellness,andhealthbehavior.The modelsofpreventivebehavior,suchastheHealthBeliefModel,focusedonfearornegative motivation.Idecidedthatamodelwasneededthatfocusedonpositivesourcesofmotivation forhealthbehaviors.ThefirstversionoftheHPMfocusedongeneralinfluencesonhealth behaviors.ThesecondversionoftheHPMfocusedonbehaviorspecificinfluenceswhichhave morepredictivepowerthangeneralinfluences.

s. 2. Whathasbeentheimpactofyourworkonnursingeducation? TheHPMistaughtincommunityhealthorhealthpromotionandillnesspreventioncoursesat theundergraduateandgraduatelevelsinmostnursingprograms.TheHPMisaframeworkthat nursescanuseincounselingindividualsandfamiliestoadopthealthybehaviors.Thevariables intheHPMcanbeassessedandinterventionsfocusingonthosevariablescanthenbebuilton thatassessment.Providingstudentswithbehavioralcounselingskillsisanimportantpartof healthpromotioneducation. 3. Whathasbeentheimpactofyourworkonnursingpractice? Healthpromotioncounselingguidelinescanbedevelopedforanentireinstitutionandhealth promotionsystemscanbeputintoplacethatfocusonHPMvariables.Newcomputer technologiescanbeusedtoconductassessmentsandtailorinterventionstospecificindividuals facilitatingpersonalizedhealthpromotioncounselingbythenurse.Testedtheoriesthathave beensupportedcanprovidethebasisforevidencebasednursinginhealthpromotion.

4. Whathasbeentheimpactofyourworkonnursingresearch? Ibelievethatmyresearchinhealthpromotionhasbeendirectionsettingfornursingresearch. TheHPMsynthesizesresearchfindingsfromnursing,psychology,andpublichealthintoamodel ofhealthpromotingbehaviorthatcanbeempiricallytested.WhenIfirstbegansystematically studyinghealthpromotion,littleattentionwasgiventothetopicintheNationalInstitutesof Health.Now,thereareprogramsinmanyInstitutes,includingtheNationalInstituteofNursing Research,thatfundhealthpromotionstudies. 5. HastheHPMbeenusedinothercultures? TheHPMhasbeenusedandtestedinmanyculturesworldwide.Ihaveworkedwith internationalscholarstoassisttheminapplyingtheHPMtoeducation,research,andpractice. Examplesofcountriesinwhichthemodelhasbeenusedinclude:Thailand,Japan,Taiwan, China,Mexico,Ecuador,Iran,andBrazil.

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