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Communication, Measurement,and Control for Digital Imagingand Graphic Arts
 
The
COLORGUIDE
and Glossary 
Communication, Measurement, and Control for Digital Imaging and Graphic Arts
 www.x-rite.com
© X-Rite,Incorporated 1998ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
X-Rite® ,X-RiteColor®,the X-RiteColor logo,Digital Swatchbook®,X-Scan®,and QuickInk® are registered trademarks ofX-Rite,Incorporated.Adobe,Adobe PageMaker,and PostScript are registered trademarks and Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator are trademarks ofAdobe Systems Incorporated.Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) is a trademark ofAltsys Corporation.FreeHand is a trademark of Macromedia,Inc.QuarkXPress is a registered trademark ofQuark,Inc.All other brand or product names are trademarks or registered trademarks oftheir respective holders.Mention ofthird-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a recommendation.X-Rite,Incorporated assumes no responsibility  for the performance or use ofthese third-party products.Apple and Macintosh are trademarks ofApple Computer,Inc.,registered in the United States and other countries.Mac and ColorSync are trademarks ofApple Computer,Inc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS1Color Communication
1Understanding Color4The CIEColor Systems14Spectral Data vs. Tristimulus Data19
2Color Measurement and Control
22Instrumentation22Measurement in the Graphic Arts Workflow26Color Specification27Color Management28Color Formulation35Color Control35Color Verification37
3Glossary
41
 
1
1
Color Communication
Color communicates.Color sells.Color is the sizzle that drives the sale ofvirtually every consumer product in the world.It evokes a wide range ofemotions that draw the buyer to the product.As design,graphics,and imaging professionals,we know that color is a crucial part ofthe selling process because it is such an important partofthe
buying decision
.Ifwe use color effectively in the manufacturing and market-ing ofan item,potential buyers will perceive added value in that product.
These GATFtest images demonstrate colors that must be repro- duced with careful precision. If the color of skin tones, sky blue,grass green,or food items are “off”by even a small margin, the appearance of the entire image will be adversely affected.
To use color effectively,it must be kept under tight
control 
.The color workflow begins with the designer’s ideas and the customer’s specifications.From there,these colorsmust be communicated among several different individuals who will render andreproduce the colors on many different devices.At each stage ofproduction,
output 
from the previous step becomes the
input 
for the next process.Every exchange bringsthe color into a new color space—from photographic film to monitor RGBto CMYKprocess proofing and printing on a variety ofsystems.And every evaluation is made by a different viewer under new viewing conditions.So,how do we ensure that our original ideas and specifications will remain intactthroughout this complicated process?This book is designed to answer that very question.In short,the answer is
color measurement 
—ifyou can
measure 
color,youcan
control 
it.The remainder ofthis booklet explains the fundamentals ofcolorcommunication,measurement,and control.
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