3.

Xc nh tn s alen, tn s kiu gen v trng thi cn bng di truyn ca qun

th trng thi cn bng di truyn cho 2 lcut gen
a. Cch xc nh tn s alen
Tn s mi alen l tn s cc giao t mang alen
V d: Qun th c cu trc: 0,64AABb + 0,32aabb + 0,04aaBb. Hy xc nh tn s cc
alen trong qun th
Gii:
Ta c tn s giao t AB = 0,64/2 = 0,32
Tn s giao t Ab = 0,64/2 = 0,32
Tn s giao t ab = 0,32 + 0,04/2 = 0,34
Tn s giao t aB = 0,04/2 = 0,02
Vy, tn s alen A: pA = tn s giao t AB + tn s giao t Ab = 0,32 + 0,32 = 0,64
Tn s alen a: qa = tn s giao t ab + tn s giao t aB = 0,34 + 0,02 = 0,36 (hay qa = 1
0,64 = 0,36)
Tn s B:
rB = tn s giao t AB + tn s aB = 0,32 + 0,02 = 0,34
Tn s alen b:
sb = tn s giao t Ab + tn s ab = 0,32 + 0,34 = 0,66 (hay sb = 1 0,34 = 0,66)
b. Xc dnh trng thi di truyn ca qun th
Qun th cn bng di truyn khi:
- C 4 loi giao t (AB, Ab, aB, ab)
- Tch tn s cc giao t ng trng thi (AB, ab) bng tch tn s cc giao t
i trng thi (Ab, aB): fABxfab = fAbxfaB
V d: Xt hai qun th:
Qun th 1: 0,36AABb + 0,48aabb + 0,16Aabb
Qun th 2: 0,25AABB + 0,5AaBb + 0,25aabb
Qun th no cn bng, qun th no cha cn bng?

Gii:
Xt qun th 1:
Qun th ch c 3 loi giao t: AB, Ab, ab qun th khng cn bng
Xt qun th 2:
Qun th c y 4 loi giao t: AB, Ab, aB, ab vi cc tn s
fAB = 0,25 + 0,5/4 = 0,375
fAb = 0,5/4 = 0,125
faB = 0,54/4 = 0,125
fab = 0,54/4 + 0,25 = 0,375
Ta c; fAB x fab = 0,375x0,375 = 0,140625
fAb x faB = 0,125x0,125 = 0,015625
c. Xc nh tn s cc kiu gen
- i vi qun th trng thi cn bng di truyn
Tn s cc kiu gen trong qun th l kt qu ca trin khai a thc
(p + q)2x(h + k)2, trong p, q, r v s ln lt l tn s alen A, a, B v b.
V d: Xc nh cu trc di truyn ca mt qun th ngu phi c cc alen A, a, B, b
tng ng l: 0,8; 0,2 0,7 v 0,3. Bit rng qun th trng thi cn bng di truyn.
Gii:
Cu trc di truyn qun th l kt qu trin khai a thc:
(0,8A + 0,2a)2 x (0,7B + 0,3b)2 = (0,64AA + 0,32Aa + 0,04aa) x (0,49BB + 0,42Bb + 0,09bb)
Vy qun th c cu trc di truyn l:
0,3136AABB + 0,2688AABb + 0,0576Aabb + 0,1568AaBB + 0,1344AaBb +
0,0288Aabb + 0,0196aaBB + 0,0168aaBb + 0,0036aabb.
- i vi qun th khng t trng thi cn bng di truyn
Tn s mi kiu gen trong qun th l tng cc tch tn s cc giao t to nn kiu gen
.
V d: Cho qun th c cu trc di truyn: 0,36AaBB + 0,48aabb + 0,16aaBb
Xc nh cu trc di truyn ca qun th sau mt th h ngu phi (AaBb = 0,2016)

Gii:
Ta c tn s cc loi giao t ca qun th ban u l:
fAB = 0,36/2 = 0,18
faB = 0,36/2 + 0,16/2 = 0,26
fab = 0,48 + 0,16/2 = 0,56
Cu trc di truyn ca qun th sau mt th h ngu phi l:
(0,18AB + 0,26aB + 0,56ab) x (0,18AB + 0,26aB + 0,56ab) hay
0,0324AABB + 0,0936AaBB + 0,2016AaBb + 0,0676aaBB + 0,2912aaBb + 0,3136aabb
4. Bi tp v xc sut lin quan n di truyn qun th.
- Tnh c tn s cc alen
- Xc nh c t l kiu gen lin quan n tnh ton (thng l kiu gen di hp Aa,
IAIO)
- Tnh ton bnh thng theo qui lut ton hc v sinh hc.
V d 1 :Bnh bch tng do gen ln nm trn NST thng qui nh. huyn B c 10 6
ngi, c 100 ngi b bnh bch tng. Xc sut bt gp ngi bnh thng c KG d
hp l:

/S. 0,0198

V d 2: ngi alen A - phn bit c mi v l tri so vi alen a - khng phn bit

c mi v. Nu trong 1 cng ng tn s alen a = 0,4 th xc sut ca mt cp v chng
u phn bit c mi v c th sinh ra 3 con trong 2 con trai phn bit c mi v
v 1 con gi khng phn bit c mi v l? /S. 1,72%
V d 3: ngi, tnh trng nhm mu ABO do mt gen c 3 alen I A, IB, IO qui nh.
Trong mt qun th cn bng di truyn c 25% s ngi mang nhm mu O; 39% s
ngi mang nhm mu B. Mt cp v chng u c nhm mu A sinh mt ngi con,
xc sut ngi con ny mang nhm mu ging b m l bao nhiu? /S. 119/144