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WiMAX, making ubiquitoushigh-speed data servicesa reality 
STRATEGY WHITE PAPER
Imagine a single wireless technology that can:• make portable Internet a reality by extending public WLANhotspots to metropolitan area coverage for mobile data-centricservice delivery,• connect enterprises and residential users in urban and suburbanenvironments where access to copper plant is difficult,• bridge the digital divide by delivering broadband in low-density areas.Thanks to its innovative technology, WiMAX will offer broadbandwireless access at data rates of multiple Mbit/s to the end-user andwithin a range of several kilometers. The same radio technology will also offer high-speed data services to all nomadic terminals(laptops, PDAs, etc.) with an optimized trade off betweenthroughput and coverage. Ultimately it will enable the "PortableInternet" usage replicating on the move the same user experienceas at home or at the office.Given its huge benefits, WiMAX will develop as a powerful radioaccess solution with many integration synergies in mobile orfixed network architecture. WiMAX will also enable end-users tobenefit from an "Always Best Connected" experience whenaccessing their applications via the best available network, athome, on the pause, or on the move. WiMAX particularly fits in Alcatel's vision for a User-Centric Broadband World in fullcomplementarity with the other broadband access technologies:from ADSL to UMTS and their evolutions towards higher speedand data efficiency.
 
WiMAX, making ubiquitous high-speed data services a reality 
Introduction
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 What is WiMAX?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Standards associated to WiMAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 WiMAX, the reality beyond the hype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 WiMAX product availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Market for WiMAX 
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 WiMAX, a complement to fixed and mobile access
. . . . . . . . .2 WiMAX for fixed wireless access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Deployment topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 WiMAX for Portable Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
WiMAX, the natural complement to mobile and Wi-Fi networks
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From nomadicity to Portable Internet
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The WiMAX CPE
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Operator’s business case
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WiMAX, the obvious choice for operators
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 WiMAX Technology Challenge
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 WiMAX, more flexibility and security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 WiMAX, a very efficient radio solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5System performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
 WiMAX Spectrum and Regulation Issues
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Conclusion
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Glossary 
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References
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WiMAX, making ubiquitous high-speed data services a reality 
Introduction
Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) has been servingenterprises and operators for years, to the greatsatisfaction of its users. However, the new IP-basedstandard developed by the IEEE 802.16 is likely toaccelerate adoption of the technology. It will expandthe scope of usage thanks to: the possibility of operating in licensed and unlicensed frequency bands,unique performance under Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS)conditions, Quality of Service (QoS) awareness,extension to nomadicity, and more.In parallel, the WiMAX forum, backed by industryleaders, will encourage the widespread adoption of broadband wireless access by establishing a brand forthe technology and pushing interoperability betweenproducts.The purpose of this White Paper is to highlight andassess the value of WiMAX as the right solution to:• extend the currently limited coverage of publicWLAN (hotspots) to citywide coverage (hot zones)
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the same technology being usable at home andon the move,• blanket metropolitan areas for mobile data-centricservice delivery,• offer fixed broadband access in urban andsuburban areas where copper quality is poor orunbundling difficult,• bridge the digital divide in low-density areaswhere technical and economic factors makebroadband deployment very challenging.In addition to these uses, this paper will highlightother potential applications, such as telephony or aneffective point-to-multipoint backhauling solution foroperators or enterprises.
 What is WiMAX?
Standards associated to WiMAX 
Worldwide Interoperability forMicrowave Access (WiMAX) is thecommon name associated to theIEEE 802.16a/REVd/e standards.These standards are issued by theIEEE 802.16 subgroup thatoriginally covered the WirelessLocal Loop (WLL) technologieswith radio spectrum from 10 to 66GHz. Recently, these specificationswere extended below 10 GHz.• In January 2003, the IEEEapproved 802.16a as anamendment to IEEE 802.16-2001, defining (Near) Line-Of-Sight capability.• In July 2004, IEEE 802.16REVd, nowpublished under the name IEEE 802.16-2004,introduces support for indoor CPE (NLOS)through additional radio capabilities suchas antenna beam forming and OFDMsub-channeling.• Early 2005, an IEEE 802.16e variant willintroduce support for mobility.See Figure 1 for the applications associated witheach of these standards.The WiMAX Forum intends to do for 802.16 whatthe Wi-Fi Alliance did for 802.11:• harmonize standards and certifyinteroperability between equipment fromdifferent vendors. Standardized interoperablesolutions will result in mass volume and bringdown costs,• promote and establish a brand for thetechnology.
 WiMAX, the reality beyond the hype
 As mentioned above, WiMAX can offer very highdata rates and extended coverage. However,• 75 Mbit/s capacity for the base station isachievable with a 20 MHz channel in bestpropagation conditions. But regulators willoften allow only smaller channels (10 MHz orless) reducing the maximum bandwidth.• Even though 50 km is achievable under optimalconditions and with a reduced data rate (a fewMbit/s), the typical coverage will be around 5km with indoor CPE (NLOS) and around 15 kmwith a CPE connected to an external antenna(LOS).
 ALCATEL1>
Fixed Outdoor
 Applications
• E1/T1 service for enterprises• Backhaul for Hotspots• Limited residentialBroadband access
802.16a802.16REVd802.16eCPE
• External box connected to PCwith outside antenna
Fixed Outdoor
 Applications
• Indoor Broadband access forresidential users (High SpeedInternet, VoIP,...)
CPE
• External box connected to PCwith built-in antenna
Limited Mobility 
 Applications
• "Portable" Broadband accessfor consumers• Always Best Connected
CPE
• PC Card
Fig. 1The different flavors of WiMAX 
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