Burma Human Rights

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2008 ckóS pf ]ref rmód k if iHvl.tcG if h ta\:tpD \if cH pm

tar\d uef ]ynf axmif pkód k if iH ]cm:a\:&ef îuD :Xme 'D rk d ua\pD? vl .tcG if h ta\:óS if htvk yf orm:AsL|d k rSxk wf ]yefonf`

azazmf &g\D25? 2009 ckóS pf`

vlOD :a\ 54 oef:rû \S d aom ]ref rmók d if iHtm:? ArmrsKd :óG <f trsm:pkîuD :pd k :onh ftmEm\Sif tvGef qef aom ppf tpd k :\tzJ G.u tk yf csKyf xm:onf` Ad k vf csKyf rä :îuD :oef :a\ÏOD :aqmif aom? ókd if iH awmf at:csrf :om<ma\:óSif hzH G.úzd K:a\:aumif pD onfw\m:&ifoa<mifcef h pmrJ h('D z\uf wk d ) tpd k :\tzJ G.]zpfonf` tk yf csKyf a\:tqif h wk d if :wG ifppf wyf t\m\S drsm:u tÊd joZmtmEmudk]yaejuonf` 1990 ]ynh fóSpftaxG axGvÏ wf awmfa\G :aumuf yJ G Y 'D rk d ua\pDbufom: ygwD rsm:u trwf ae\mtm:vH k:> 80 \mck d ifóëef :ud k atmifók d if cJ h aonf vnf : ppf tpdk :\tzJG.u <if :\v'f ud kvpf vsL|ë xm:qJ]zpfonf` t\yfom:rsm:> uGyf uJ rëvH k :&rygbJppf tpd k :\uom vufeufud k if wyfzJ G.tm:vH k :ud kxdef:csKyf xm:onf` tpd k :\tzJ G.tm: a]ymif :vJ yd k if cG if h \d S aom ]ynfolwk d h > vkyf yd k if cG if h ud kppf tpd k:\onfquf vuf[ef h wm: zsuf qD :aeúyD : t]cm:aom vl.tcG ifh ta\:rsm:udk vnf : qk d :\G m:pG m csKd:azmuf aeonf` ppftpd k :\> vHk]cH Ka\:wyf zJ G.&if rsm:u tusOf:uspOfaoqH k :rë wk d h uk d quf vuf]zpf yG m:aeaponfomru t]cm:aom Oya'abmif]yif y vlowf rë? vuf pazsmuf rë? t"rRom:r<m:usif h rëóS ifhnÛOf :yef :óS d yf puf rë wk d h uk d]yKaeqJ]zpfonf` ppf tpd k :\onf]ynfol.ta\:wuf âuvë yf \S m:olrsm:ud k pJ Gcsuf rJ h? \uf tuef h towf rJ hxdef :odrf :csKyf aóS mif aeonf` xk d h]yif ppftpd k:\ usm:uef vl \rf :um:tk yf pk tpnf :t|k H :rsm:u vl.tcG if h ta\:óS if h 'Drk d ua\pDbufom: wuf âuvë yf \S m:ol rsm:tm: apmf um:]cif:? aóS mif h <S uf]cif :? zrf :csKyf]cif :rsm:ud k]yKaeju onf` ók d ifiH a\:\nf \G <f csuf]zifhtusOf :om:rsm:óS if hxdef :od rf :cH wkd h ud kppftpd k :\onfjurf :wrf :vsuftouf tÊ\m<f pd k :\d rf zG <fta]ctaeY tusOf :cs]cif :? yH k rSefoabmwd k uf yd wf tquf toG <f]zwf]cif :? pd wfxifovk daxmif'EfeS pf \Snf rsm: csrS wf]cif :wk h d ud k]yKaeonf` ppf wyfonfvnf : vlenf :pkwk d if :\if:om: \G mol\G mom:rsm:ud kpOfquf r]ywfwk d ufck d uf aeqJ ]zpfonf` trsKd :om:'D rk d ua\pD tzJ G.csKyf(tifef t<fvf'D ) > taxG axG twGif :a\:rä : a';atmifqef :pk junfóS ifh'kwd <OU÷ OD :wifOD:wkd honf vnf : aetdrftus<fcsKyfqufvuf uscH ae\qJ ]zpfonf` ppftpd k:\onfyHk rSef yif]ynfol rsm:> ud k <fyd k if vG wf vyfcG if h ud kxd yg:vsufvG wf vyf pG ma]ymqk d cG ih f? owif :]zef h csd cG ih f? pk |kH :cGih f? toif :axmif cG if h? ud k :uG<f cGif hóS if h vë yf\S m:cGih f wk d h ud kuef howf csKyf cs<f xm:onf` tpd k :\onf]ynfwG if :ta]cpd k uftpd k:\r[k wf aom vl.tcG if h ta\:tzJ G.wk d huk d vG wf vyfpG m \yf wnf vë yf \S m:cGif h ray:onfomru tpd k :\r[k wfaom ók d if iHwumtzh G J.rsm:tm:vnf: cuf cJ usyf wnf :atmif cif :usif :xm:onf` trsKd :orD :rsm:tay; vl rë qk d if \mcJG]cm:quf qH rë? p|d k uf jurf:\rf :um:rë wk d h udk]yKaevsuf uav:ppfom:rsm: ud kpkaqmif :aeovd k? wk d if :\if :om:vlenf :pk wd k h tay; cJ G]cm:quf qH aeúyD : vl ukef ul:rëusL:vGef \mY txl:o]zifhtrsKd:orD :óS if h rdef :uav:rsm:tay; vGef usL:aeonf` uav:ol i<frsm:tygt&ift"rR tvk yfck dif :aprë ud kvnf : usL:vGef qJ]zpfonf` vl.tcG if h ta\: csKd:azmuf rë twG ufwm&ef \S dol rsm:udkta\:<l a\:? w\m:pJ G qk d a\:? t]ypf'Ef ay:a\:wk d h twG uftpd k :\onf xif \S m:]rifomaom aqmif \G uf rë uk dr]yKacs` wd k if :\if :om:vufeuf ud k if tk yf pk rsm:uvnf : t"rRtvk yf ck d if :aprë tygt&if vl.tcG if hta\: csKd :azmuf rë rsm: ]yKonf [ktqk d \S donf` vufeuf ud kiftypf \yf tzJ G.tcsKd.onf vnf : rw\m:rë rsm: ]yKajumif : tpD \if cH csuf \S donf` vufeuf ud k if ol ykef tzJ G.rsm:óSif htypf \yf tzG J.rsm:uvnf : uav:ppfom:rsm: pk aqmif:juonf`

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vl .tcG if h ta\:ud kav:pm:vk d ufem]cif : tyd k if : 1` atmuf ygwk d h rSvG wf uif :cG if h rsm:tygt&ifvl .}k Ef od uQmtm: av:pm:a\:

(u) vl .touf ud kpd wf xif ovd k(ok dh r[k wf ) Oya'rJ hqH k:yg:ap]cif :

tpk d :\ od kh r[k wf<if :> ud k<f pm:vS <frsm:u pd wfxifovd kok d hr[k wfOya'rJ hvlowfrëusL:vGef ajumif: tpD \ifcH csufta]rmuf t]rm:\Sdonf` wm&ef \S d aom yk ®d Kvf ud ktpd k :\u ta\:<l]cif : r]yKacs` owfowf rS wf rS wfa]ym\vûif Oya'abmif]yif yY owf]zwf rëóS if htusOf :usaepOfaoqH k :aprë rsm: ]zpf aeonf` azazmf &g\D21 \uf u \ck d if]ynfe<fppf awG \J wyf zJ G.onf|d k [if }smwpfOD :]zpf aom aZmf rD <mO'iftm: \uf puf pG m |d k ufóS ufo]zif h\J wyf zJ G.tcsKyf xJ YyifaoqH k :oG m:cJ honf` ar 3 \uf wG iftif:pdeftusOf :axmif Y rkef wk d if :tat:'Ef ud kumuG <f \efrD :zd k aom tusOf :om: tpkta&:ukdppfom:óS ifht"d u|k Ef :óS d rfóS if :a\: \J wyf zJ G.&if wk dh u ypf cwf cJ h ajumif : od \onf` tusOf :om: 36 OD: aoqH k:úyD : 70 'Ef \m\onf [kowif :\\S donf` ppf tpdk :\url<if:rD :avmif rë Y tusOf :om:óS pfOD :om aoqH k :onf [kajunmonf` ]zpfpOf aemufquf t]zpfaxmif tmEmyd k if rsm:u pH k prf :ppf aq:rë]yKonf Y ppf ajumpOf twG if : tusOf :om:av:OD : aoqH k :onf [kod \onf` ar 20 \uf wG ifrGef]ynfe<f? acgZm\Jpcef :Y rGef]ynfopf ygwD rStúid rf :pm:aq:&ef xrf :wpfOD :ud k ppf ajumar:]ref :pOf ppfom:rsm:u owf ypf cJ honf` ZGef vv<f twG if: rauG :wk d if :? rauG :\J pcef :wG ifAk'Ý |k yf yG G m:awmf rsm:tm: ck d:ol [k pG yfpJ G cH \olonf ppf ajumcH \pOfaoqH k :cJ honf` 2007 ckóS pfpuf wifbmtwG if: at:csrf :pG m 'Drd k ua\pD ta\: qóN]yol rsm:tm: ppf tpd k :\u jurf :juKwf pG m óS d rfóS if :\mY Oya'rJ h towf cH \ol ta<muf30 ud pP wG ifwm&ef \S d aeol rsm:tay; pH k prf :ppf aq:rë aomfvnf :aumif :? typf ay:rëaomf vnf :aumif : tpd k :\u aqmif \G uf]cif :r\S d acs` aoqH k :\ol wk dh txJY Ak'Ýbmom bkef :awmf îuD : OD :oD v&HoóS if h }syefvl rsKd :"mwf yH kowif :axmufuef }sdem}gtd wk d h yg&ifonf` xk d h t]yif2007 ckóS pftwGif : tusOf:uspOfaoqH k :ju\rë rsm: twG ufwm&ef \S dol wk d h ud kppf tpd k :\u pHk prf :ppf aq:rë vnf :r]yK? t]ypf ay:rë vnf : r\S d cJ h ay` <if :aoqH k :rërsm:wG if armifcsef uGef :? vif :vif :atmif? ud kók d if atmif? trsKd:om:'D rk d ua\pD tzJ G.csKyf ygwD &ifud k&if :a\ÏóS if hud k ud k &if :wk d hyg&ifonf` 2006 ckóS pf twG if : towf cH \olrsm:]zpfonf h ók d if iH a\:tusOf :om:a[mif : oufók difOD :? a&úzd K:aemif? rnd KjunfóS if hapmpwif :zk d :wkd h? ud pP wG ifaemuf xyf]zpf xGef :rëbmrûr\Sd cJ h ay` 2003 ckóS pf twG if :u ygwD acgif :aqmifa';atmif:qef :pk junfOD:aqmif aom trsKd :om:'D rk d ua\pD tzJ G.csKyf <mOf wef:tm: 'D yJ <if :úrd K.teD :Y tpd k :\buf awmfom: tif tm:pk u wk d ufck d uf rëwG ifvl70 rû aoqH k :cJ h \onf` <if :]zpf pOfud kpH k prf :ppf aq:\efodk h r[k wfwm&ef <l \ef ud pP tm: ppf tpd k :\onfwpf pdk uf rwf rwf ]iif:uG <faeqJ]zpfonf`

(c) vltpaysmuf ]cif :

yk ®vd u ]ynfolwcsKd.óS ifhók d ifiH a\:wuf âuvëyf \S m:ol tcsKd. aysmufqH k :rëonfqufvuf]zpf yGm:aeonf` tcsKd.onfem\D yd k if :tjumrS \ufowWywf jumumvtwG if : ]yef vnf ay;vmaomf vnf : tcsKd.onfvk H :&tpaysmuf ae cJ honf` <if :od k hvl aysmuf rë]zpf \]cif :rSm tmEmyd k if rsm:u vlrsm:udkppfajum\efxdef :od rf :csdef Y rdom:pk tm: tod ray:]cif :? ppf wyf> ay;wmqJ G]cif :tusif h ponf wk h d ajumifh]zpfonf` aysmuf qH k :ol wk d h > owif :ud kppf wyf Y oG m:a\muf pH k prf : arwWm\yf cH rë wkd h ud k vnf: vpf vsL|ë xm:juonf` tcsKd.aom ud pPwG ifom ar:]ref :\efxdef:od rf :cH \ol wkd h uk drdom:pk xHok dh ]yefcG if h ay:cJ honf` 2007 ckóS pfpuf wifbmtwG if : at:csrf :pG mqóN]ypOf Y vH k]cH Ka\:wyf zJ G.&if rsm:u bkef :awmf îuD : ausmif :rsm: rSoH Cmawmfta]rmuf t]rm:? aetd rf rsm:rSvl ta]rmuf t]rm:ud kntcsdefpD :eif :zrf :qD:rë tm: pH kprf :azmfxkwfa\: ud pP wG if vnf : tpd k:\onfta\:<laqmif\G uf rër\S d cJ h acs`

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ppf wyf u ay;wmt]zpfzrf :qD :oG m:cH\ol rsm:? tvk yf jurf:pcef : od k hr[k wfay;wmt]zpfwm&ef cscH \aom tusOf:om:rsm:onfrnfonf h ae\mod k ha\muf aejuajumif : rod\acs` xd k dok d h aom tusOf :usrsm: raoraysmufbJ rdom:pk xHod k h ]yef a\muf vmrSom ol wk h d tajumif :uk dod cG ifh \juonf` 2003 ckóS pf u ygwD acgif :aqmifa';atmif qef :pk junfOD :aqmifonfhtifef t<fvf'D<mOf wef:tm: 'D yJ<if :teD :Y tpd k :\buf awmfomrs:u wk d uf ck d uf rëtwG if : aysmuf cJ haom vl31 OD :onf<ckwk d ifowif :r\ tpaysmuf aeao:onf`

(}) nÛOf :yef :eS d yf puf ]cif :óS ifh\uf puf pG m vl rqefpG m? od k h r[k wf }k Ef od uQ mnÛ d K:apaom ta\:<l rëod k hr[k wft]ypf ay:rë

nÛOf :yef :óS d yf puf]cif:ud k[ef hwm:aom Oya'rsm:\Sdonf` od k h aomf]im:vnf : tpD \if cHpmt\ vH k]cH Ka\:tzJ G.&if rsm:óS if ht]cm:tpd k :\usm:uef tzJ G.&if rsm:onfnÛOf :yef :óS dyf puf]cif :? |d k ufóSuf]cif :trë wk dh uk dtusOf:om:rsm:? xdef :od rf :cH rsm:óS if ht]cm:]ynfol wk d h tay; w\m:rJ h]yKusif h juonf` xdef :od rf :cH wk d h tay; yH k rSefoabmrsKd :? jurf :wrf :aom ppf ajuma\:enf :pepf rsm:uk dtoH k :]h yKjuum? pd wf "mwf ysuf]ym:vsuf OD :usKd :oG m:atmifpD pOf juonf` úyD :cJ h aom óS pf uuJ hod k hyif tmEmyd k if rsm:on f<if :okh d aom ]zpf pOf rsm:uk dpH k prf :ppf aq:rër]yKoavmuf\S d aecJ h úyD : usL:vGefolwk d htm: ta\:<l rë uk d vnf: r]yKcJ h juacs` xk d if :ók d if iHta]cpk duf? ók d ifiH a\:tusOf :om:rsm:tm: ulnDa\:toif :u 2005 ckóS pf wG if ók d if iH a\:tusOf :om: rsm:tay; usif hoH k :aom tpd k :\> Üjurf :juKwf pG mpepf wusnÛOf :qJ rëÁ qk d if \m tpD \if cH pmwpf apmif ud kwif]ycJ honf` ók dif iH a\:tusOf:om:a[mif : 35 OD :> xG uf qk d csuf rsm:ud kta]c]yKvsuftpd k :\tm: qef h usifol rsm:tay; |k yf ydk if :? pd wfyd k if :? vd if ydk if :qk dif \m w\m:rJ h pGm tpdk :\uusif hjuH rë rsm:ud ktao:pd wf wif]yxm:úyD: usL:vGefol ta]rmuf t]rm:tm: trnf]zif h azmfxk wf]yxm:onf` tpD \if cHpmu tpd k:\u toH k:]yKaom nÛOf :qJenf :trsKd :rsKd :ud ktao:pd wf azmf]yonf` ]yif :]yif:xef xef |k d ufóS uf]cif :tygt&if<if :ajumif howd vpf arh arsmvsuf\H zef \Hcg aoqH k:\wwfonf` vd if ydk if :qk d if \m tpd wf tyd k if:rsm: tygt&ifcóÝ mud k <f tóS H h Y tîudrf îud rfvûyf ppf usOfpuf]zifh wd k h >` ndK.ousnf :Y ta\]ym:uGmonf txdoH vH k :]zih fvS d rf h >` pD :u\uf rD :? rD :]cpf rD :rsm:]zif h wk d h >` îud K:]zif h]zpf ap? vuf xd yfa]cxd yf rsm:]zifh]zpf ap vnf yif:óS if ha]cusif :&wf wkd h Y cwf um vaygif:rsm:pG mjumatmifvë yf \S m:rë ud kuef howf xm:>` yk ®d Kvf wpfOD :> cóÝ mtpdwf tyd k if : wpfae\mwnf :tm: em\D aygif rsm:pGm xyfcgxyf cg |d k ufóS ufonf` tusOf :om:wk d hud kausmuf cJ tcïef txuf? owW Ktcïeftxuf? rSefuJ G prsm: tay;wGif vrf:avûmuf ap]cif:? wG m:oG m:ap]cif :ud k]yK>` a<musf m:tusOf :om:rsm:tm: acG :u t"rR usif hap>` trsKd :orD : tusOf :om: wk d hud k rl om:r<m: t"rR]yKusif h rnf[kúcdrf :a]cmuf >` tmEmyd k if rsm:u tusOf :om:wk d hud kwm\Snfwd k ufyd wft]ypf'Ef csrS wfonf` <H k junf xk d uf aom owif :ay:csuf rsm:t\ \J wyf zJ G.u zrf :qD :\rd aom ]ynh f wefqmwk d honf\J tzh G J.&if wk dh > t"rR usif h rë? vk <uf rëwk d h udkcH ju\onf` \J wyf zJ G.&ifok dh r[k wfppfom:wk d h> t"rRom:r<m:]yKusif h cH \onf [k owif:ay:aom trsKd :orD :rsm:ud kxyf rH zrf :qD :vsuft]ypf'Ef ay:]yefonf` ód k if iH a\:\mZ&wf rëusL:vGefonf [k oHo<\Sd cH \ol od kh r[k wfpG yf pJ G cH \olwd h k ud kzrf :qD :csdefY vH k]cH Ka\:t\m\S d rsm:u ol wk d h tm: acgif :ud k zH k :tk yf ac;aqmif juonf` vufeuf udk if wyf zJG.&if rsm:u ay;wmpk aqmif :\mwGifek d ifh xuf pD :eif:óS if h jurf :wrf :<kwf rmaom enf :rsm:ud ktoH k :]yKju>` ay;wmtqJ G cH \úyD : tvk yf jurf : vk yf \olwk d honftvGefh tvGefcuf cJ jurf :wrf:aom ta]ctaeóS if h \if qk dif ju\úyD : |d k ufóS uf cH \]cif :? t"rRom:r<m: ]yKcH \]cif :? tpmóS if h a\oefhvH k avmuf pGmr\]cif :? jurf :juKwfpG m quf qHcH ju \]cif :wk h dajumif hay;wmt]zpfóS if h yifaoqH k :ju\wwfonf`

tusOf :axmifóSif hxdef :od rf :a\:pcef :ta]ctaersm:

tusOf :axmifóS if htvk yf jurf :pcef : ta]ctaersm:onfa<bk <stm:]zif hjurf :wrf :um touf tÊ\m<f \S dód k ifonf` tusOf :OD :pD :Xmeu rSef :a]ctm:]zif htusOf :axmif40 óS if hacï:wyf pcef : 70 rû vnfywf xm: onf` tpm:tpm? t&wf txnfóS if haq:&g:ypPnf :onftvGef \S m:yg:onf[kod \onf` tcsKd.aom tusOf :axmif rsm:wGif axmif tmEmyd k if rsm:u tusOf :om:rsm:xH rS tpm:taomuf aju: t"rR \<l juonf [kowif:xG ufonf` td rf \m r]ynh f pH k acs` \H zef \H cg jurf :]yif ay;wG ifzsmwpf csyfom cif :ay:onf` tusOf :om:wk dh rS m rd rd wk d h > rdom:pkud kom tm:ud k :ju\úyD: