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Recovered memory corroboration ratesThere are many studies that show fairly high corroboration rates for recoveredmemories.http://ritualabuse.us/research/memory-fms/recovered-memory-corroboration-rates/van der Kolk, BA & R Fisler (1995), “Dissociation and the fragmentary nature oftraumatic memories: Overview and exploratory study”, J Traumatic Stress 8: 505–25“a systematic exploratory study of 46 subjects with PTSD which indicates thattraumatic memories are retrieved, at least initially, in the form of dissociatedmental imprints of sensory and affective elements of the traumatic experience: asvisual, olfactory, affective, auditory and kinesthetic experiences. Over time,subjects reported the gradual emergence of a personal narrative that some believecan be properly referred to as “explicit memory”....Of the 35 subjects withchildhood trauma, 15 (43%) had suffered significant, or total amnesia for theirtrauma at some time of their lives. Twenty seven of the 35 subjects with childhoodtrauma (77%) reported confirmation of their childhood trauma.”http://www.trauma-pages.com/a/vanderk2.phphttp://www.psych.utoronto.ca/users/peterson/psy430s2001/Van%20der%20Kolk%20Fragmentary%20Nature%20of%20Traumatic%20Memory%20J%20Traumatic%20Stress%201995.pdf“The Validity of Recovered Memory: Decision of a US District Court” Judge EdwardF. Harrington, Presentation by Jim Hopper, Ph.D. The legal documentation citationis: 923 Federal Supplement 286 (D. Mass. 1996), United States District Court -District of Massachusetts Ann Shahzade, plaintiff Civil Action No.: V. 92-12139-EFH George Gregory, Defendant. http://www.jimhopper.com/memory-decision/“Recovered memories of abuse among therapy patients: A national survey.” Pope,Kenneth S.; Tabachnick, Barbara G. Independent practice, Norwalk, CT, US Ethics &Behavior 1995 Vol 5(3) 237-248, “According to the therapists, about 50% of thepatients who claimed to have recovered the memories had found external validation,a percentage that coincides with that obtained in the Feldman-Summers & Pope, 1994study”Corroboration of Child Abuse Memories “Studies vary in frequency. Between 31 and64 percent of abuse survivors in six major studies reported that they forgot “someof the abuse.” Numbers reporting severe amnesia ranged from under 12% to 59%….Studies report 50-75% of abuse survivors corroborating the facts of their abusethrough an outside source. Reference: Bowman, Elizabeth. Delayed Memories of ChildAbuse: Part I: An Overview of Research Findings on Forgetting, Remembering, andCorroborating Trauma. Dissociation, IX (4) pp. 221-231http://mentalhealth.about.com/cs/abuse/a/cooroborate.htmChu, JA; et al. (1999). Memories of childhood abuse: Dissociation, amnesia andcorroboration.. Am J Psychiatry 156: 749-55. “Childhood abuse, particularlychronic abuse beginning at early ages, is related to the development of highlevels of dissociative symptoms including amnesia for abuse memories. This studysuggests that psychotherapy usually is not associated with memory recovery andthat independent corroboration of recovered memories of abuse is often present.”http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/156/5/749Williams LM (1994). Recall of childhood trauma: a prospective study of women’smemories of child sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol 62: 1167–76. PMID 7860814.One hundred twenty-nine women with previously documented histories of sexualvictimization in childhood were interviewed and asked detailed questions about
 
their abuse histories to answer the question “Do people actually forget traumaticevents such as child sexual abuse, and if so, how common is such forgetting?” Alarge proportion of the women (38%) did not recall the abuse that had beenreported 17 years earlier. Women who were younger at the time of the abuse andthose who were molested by someone they knew were more likely to have no recall ofthe abuse. The implications for research and practice are discussed. Long periodswith no memory of abuse should not be regarded as evidence that the abuse did notoccur.http://www.hss.caltech.edu/courses/2004-05/winter/psy130/Debate2Williams1.pdfHow often do children’s reports of abuse turn out to be false? Research hasconsistently shown that false allegations of child sexual abuse by children arerare. Jones and McGraw examined 576 consecutive referrals of child sexual abuse tothe Denver Department of Social Services, and categorized the reports as eitherreliable or fictitious. In only 1% of the total cases were children judged to haveadvanced a fictitious allegation. Jones, D. P. H., and J. M. McGraw: Reliable andFictitious Accounts of Sexual Abuse to Children.Journal of Interpersonal Violence,2, 27-45, 1987. In a more recent study, investigators reviewed case notes of allchild sexual abuse reports to the Denver Department of Social Services over 12months. Of the 551 cases reviewed, there were only 14 (2.5%) instances oferroneous concerns about abuse emanating from children. These consisted of threecases of allegations made in collusion with a parent, three cases where aninnocent event was misinterpreted as sexual abuse and eight cases (1.5%) of falseallegations of sexual abuse. Oates, R. K., D.P. Jones, D. Denson, A. Sirotnak, N.Gary, and R.D. Krugman: Erroneous Concerns about Child Sexual Abuse. Child Abuse &Neglect 24:149-57, 2000….Children Tend to Understate Rather than Overstate theExtent of Any Abuse Experienced - Research with children whose sexual abuse hasbeen proven has shown that children tend to minimize and deny abuse, notexaggerate or over-report such incidents.http://www.leadershipcouncil.org/1/res/csa-acc.htmlDuggal, S., & Sroufe, L. A. (1998). Recovered memory of childhood sexual trauma: Adocumented case from a longitudinal study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11(2),301-321. A case of recovered memory of childhood trauma is reported withdocumented sexual trauma in early childhood, chronicled evidence of the absence ofmemory for traumatic experience over a period of time, and substantial evidence ofspontaneous recovery of memory.http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/110491838/abstract“Child Maltreatment, Vol. 2, No. 2, 91-112 (1997) DOI: 10.1177/1077559597002002001Videotaped Discovery of a Reportedly Unrecallable Memory of Child Sexual Abuse:Comparison with a Childhood Interview Videotaped 11 Years Before David L. Corwin,Erna Olafson….This article presents the history, verbatim transcripts, andbehavioral observations of a child’s disclosure of sexual abuse to Dr. DavidCorwin in 1984 and the spontaneous return of that reportedly unrecallable memoryduring an interview between the same individual, now a young adult, and Dr. Corwin11 years later. Both interviews were videotape recorded.”http://cmx.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/2/2/91Herman, J L.; Schatzow E (1987). Recovery and verification of memories ofchildhood sexual trauma.. Psychoanalytic Psychol 4. “Three out of four patientswere able to validate their memories by obtaining corroborating evidence fromother sources” http://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=ppsy.004.0001aKluft, RP (1995). The confirmation and disconfirmation of memories of abuse inDissociative Identity Disorder patients: A naturalistic study. Dissociation 8:253-8. “The charts of 34 dissociative identity disorder (DID) patients intreatment with the author were reviewed for instances of the confirmation or
 
disconfirmation of recalled episodes of abuse occurring naturalistically in thecourse of their psychotherapies. Nineteen, or 56%, had instances of theconfirmation of recalled abuses. Ten of the 19, or 53%, had always recalled theabuses that were confirmed. However, 13 of the 19, or 68%, obtained documentationof events that were recovered in the course of therapy, usually with the use ofhypnosis. Three patients, or 9%, had instances in which the inaccuracy of theirrecollection could be demonstrated.”https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/1155/Dis_8_4_9_ocr.pdf?sequence=1–From Research discussing corroboration and accuracy of recovered memories AnAnnotated Bibliography by Lynn Crookhttp://dynamic.uoregon.edu/~jjf/suggestedrefs.html(see this bibliography for more detailed information)Andrews, B., Brewin, C., Ochera, J., Morton, J., Bekerian, D., Davies, G., andMollon, P. (1999). Characteristics, context and consequences of memory recoveryamong adults in therapy. Brit J Psychiatry 175:141-146.Abstract: One-hundred and eight therapists provided information on all clientswith recovered memories seen in the past three years, and were interviewed indetail on up to three such clients. Of a total of 690 clients, therapists reportedthat 65% recalled child sexual abuse and 35% recalled other traumas, 32% startedrecovering memories before entering therapy. According to therapists’ accounts,among the 236 detailed client cases, very few appeared improbable andcorroboration was reported in 41%. Most (78%) of the clients’ initial recoveredmemories either preceded therapy or preceded the use of memory recovery techniquesused by the respondents. Techniques seemed to be used more to help the clients toelaborate the memories than to facilitate their initial recovery. Clients withwhom techniques had been used before the first reported memory recovery were noless likely to have found corroborating evidence than clients with whom notechniques had been used before memory recovery. Some of the data are consistentwith memories being of iatrogenic origin, but other data clearly point to the needfor additional explanations.Bagley, C. (1995). The prevalence and mental health sequels of child sexual abusein community sample of women aged 18 to 27. Child sexual abuse and mental healthin adolescents and adults. Aldershot: Avebury.Abstract: Study of women 18-24 years who had been removed from home 10 yearspreviously by social services due to intrafamilial sexual abuse. Of the 19 womenfor whom there was evidence of serious sexual abuse, 14 remembered eventscorresponding to their records. Two remembered that abuse had taken place butcould recall no specific details, and three had no memory. Two of the last threedescribed long blank periods for the memory of childhood corresponding to the agewhen abuse had taken place.Bull, D. (1999). A verified case of recovered memories of sexual abuse. AmericanJournal of Psychotherapy, 53(2), 221-224.Abstract: A case is presented that shows verifiable evidence of repression atwork. Rachel, a 40-year-old woman with no history of mental illness and ten yearsof exemplary professional work, recovers memories of childhood sexual abuse by herfather through a call from her youth pastor in whom she had confided as anadolescent..Dahlenberg, C. (1996, Summer) Accuracy, timing and circumstances of disclosure intherapy of recovered and continuous memories of abuse. The Journal of Psychiatryand Law.
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