英文句型

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技大學學生在校研習外，任何人未得林茂松本人同

意，不得以任何形式使用或轉載本文全部或部份內

容。

壹、基本句型

1簡單句 ( Simple Sentences )

簡單句有五種基本句型

(1) S + V[ I ] ( 主詞 + 不及物動詞 )

(2) S + V[ I ] + SC ( 主詞 + 不及物動詞 + 主詞補語 )

3) S + V[T ] + O ( 主詞 + 及物動詞 + 受詞 )

(4) S + V[T ] + IO + DO( 主詞 + 及物動詞 + 間接受詞 + 直接

受詞 )

(5) S + V[T ] + O + C ( 主詞 + 及物動詞 + 受詞 + 受詞補語 )

1)S + V[ I ]
Time flies.
S V
He usually gets up early in the morning.
S V
John is talking aloud.
S V
John and Mary are singing and dancing happily in the
party.
S V

(2) S+ V[I] + SC
 Miss Liu is my English teacher.
S V SC
The leaves turn red in autumn.
S V SC
The students seem happy in their English class.
S V SC
To see is to believe.
S V SC

(3) S + V[T] + O
Boys and girls played soccer for fun and health.
S V O
Bill always makes his own bed.
S V O
He always borrows my clothes .
S V O
Our math teacher likes to play chess.
S V O

(4) S + V[T] + IO + DO
My boyfriend gave me roses as my birthday present.
S V IO DO
I wrote my brother a letter last Sunday.
S V IO DO
Would you please pass me the salt?
S V IO DO

5)S + V[T] + O + OC
I consider you my best friend.
S V O OC
The bad news made us unhappy.
S V O OC
Helen sometimes leaves her son alone at home.
 S V O OC

2 複句 ( Complex Sentences )
2)主要子句＋名詞子句
I find that you are very important to me.
S V 名詞子句(O)
Whoever did this should be punished.
名詞子句(S) V
(2) 主要子句＋形容詞子句
I spoke to the woman who owns the hotel.
關係子句 (修飾 woman)
The man who interviewed me was very nice.
關係子句 (修飾 man)
Did you see the letter that came this morning?
關係子句 (修飾 letter)
The keys which were on this table have disappeared.
關係子句 (修飾 keys)
The reporter interviewed the people whose house caught
fire.
關係子句 (修飾people)

What’s the name of the place where you spent your holiday
last year?
關係子句 (具體表示地點)
Is there a reason (why) you want to leave now?
關係子句 (具體表示原因)
Is there a time (when) we can meet?
關係子句 (具體表示時間)
(3) 主要子句＋副詞子句
While a policeman was patrolling the streets, he heard their
cries for help.
副詞子句 (表示時間)
I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was sick.
副詞子句 (表示原因)
Almost anyone can learn a foreign language well if he or she
wants to.
副詞子句 (表示條件)
Although I love money, I won’t do anything illegal to get it.
副詞子句 (表示讓步)
Some people enjoy outdoor activities, whereas others like to
stay indoors.
副詞子句 (表示對比)

3合句 ( Compound Sentences )

合句是由兩個或兩個以上簡單句合併而成。合句中的各簡單句彼

此無主從之分。用來連接簡單句的有(1)對等連接詞、(2)對等連接

詞片語、(3)副詞連接詞。

2)常見的對等連接詞有and , or , but, for, yet, nor, so.

Examples:
John is a doctor, and his wife is a teacher.
You must leave earlier, or you won’t catch the bus.
I would like to go shopping with you, but I need to prepare for
the test tomorrow.
4)常見的對等連接詞片語有“not only…but also”、 “either…or…”、

“neither…nor…”.
 Examples:
Not only did they break into his office and steal his books,
but they also tore up his manuscripts.
Either Mary is stupid, or she pretends that she is.
They have neither replied to my letters, nor have they
answered my telephone calls.
( 3 ) 常見的副詞連接詞有 however, besides, therefore 等。
Examples:
Sharon Stone is my favorite movie star; however, I seldom
have a chance to see her films.
Nobody knows the truth; besides, nobody is brave enough to
dig out the truth.
The students have finished the experiment; therefore, they
now feel relaxed.

4複合句 ( Compound-Complex Sentences )

複合句是一個句子裡有兩個或兩個以上的主要子句以及一個或一個

以上的從屬子句; 它可以是 (1) 複句 + 簡單句，也可以是 (2) 複句

+ 複句。
(1) 複句 ＋ 簡單句

╭ 複句 ╮ ╭ 簡單句 ╮
Say you are sorry, and I will not be angry with you.
(2) 複句 ＋ 複句

╭ 複句 ╮ ╭ 複句

╮
I knew that Bill was very rich, but I never knew that he spent
money that way.
貳、應用句型

英文應用句型有數百種，下列一百種為最常見之句型。英文學習

者若能熟習下列基本句型，即可大幅提升英文閱讀能力。

序 句型 例句
號
1. All one has to do is + V . . . 1. All he has to do is fill
out a form.
2. 2. All he had to do was
become friends with
the people and their
chief.
2. Although …, … 1. Although Jacky Cheung
is a Hong Kong singer; he
is popular in Taiwan, too.
2. Although Hsieh was
handicapped, he looked
truly happy.
3. as … as possible 1. Come as quickly as
possible.
2. 2. Run as fast as
possible.
4. as if/ as though 1. You look as if you’ve
had a good time.
2. It sounds as though
she’s been really ill.
5. As soon as + S1 + V1..., S2 + V2... 1. He left as soon as he
heard the news.
2. I’ll tell him as soon as
I see him.
6. as/so far as … be concerned 1. As far as I am
 concerned you can do
what you like.
2. As far as I am
concerned the whole
idea is crazy.
7. Be/Feel + adj. + to V 1. Most Americans will
be happy to explain.
2. I feel sad to know he
is leaving us for good.
8. be/get used to + N/Ving 1. He is used to working
hard.
2. The good in England is
strange at firs but
you’ll soon get used to
it.
9. Because + S + V … Because of + 1. I am eating like a
N, S + V. horse because I am
very hungry.
2. The audience booed
the actors because
they gave a bad
performance.
3. Because of ill health,
he had to retire.
4. She’s very upset and
it’s all because of you.
10. both…and 1. He’s lived in both
Britain and America.
2. She can both speak
and write Japanese.
11. but …. 1. Cheung is successful
and rich today but he
chooses to live a
 simple life.
2. Hsieh could only paint
by holding the brush in
his teeth, but it still
brought him great
happiness.
12. But for/ But that 1. But that you had seen
me in the water, I
would have drowned.
2. But for the rain we
would have had a nice
holiday.
13. By + V-ing… 1. He made his money by
buying and selling
houses.
2. You can turn the radio
by pressing this
button
14. S + cannot but + V. 1. It was a rash thing to
do, yet one cannot but
admire her courage.
2. I could not but admit
that he was right and
I was wrong.
15. Comparatives 1. The apartment in
Hsinchu is more
spacious than the one
we have in Taipei.
2. John is older than
Jean.
16. either…or 1. I left it either on the
table or in the drawer.
2. You can either write
 or phone to request a
copy.
17. Enjoy/finish/mind/practice + V- 1. Do you mind opening
ing the window?
2. They enjoy talking
with people, even in
broken English.
18. Even if /though+ S1 + V1, S2 + 1. Even if I have to walk
V2.... all the way I’ll get
there.
2. I like her even though
she can be annoying.
19. far from 1. Far from enjoying
dancing, he loathes it.
2. Your account is far
from the truth.
20. Find it + O.C. + to V. 1. She found it difficult
to understand him.
2. At my age I would find
it hard to get another
job.
21. For example 1. Dogs can be very
helpful. For example,
many people keep dogs
as pets.
2. Joe often does selfish
things. For example,
he never shares
anything of his own
with others.
22. get/have + O + V.p.p. 1. They’re going to have
their house painted.
2. Go and get your hair
 cut!
23. Given …. 1. Given the
government’s record
on unemployment,
their chances of
winning the election
look poor.
2. Given that she is
interested in children,
I am sure teaching is
the right career for
her.
24. Hardly/Scarcely + had + S1 + 1. Hardly had we begun
V1en…when/before + S2 + V2ed. our walk when it began
to rain.
2. Scarcely had she
entered the room
when the phone rang.
25. How + adj! 1. Excuse yourself and
rush down the street
to the nearest bank?
How impractical!
2. You can just take out
your credit card and
charge it. How
convenient!
26. How + adj. + (it is) + to + V How 1. How nice it is to have a
+ adj/adv + S + V! rose garden! 2. How
tiring it is to work part
time while studying full
time! 1. How dirty that
child is. 2. How beautiful
she is.
27. How many/much …
28. How/What about … ?
29. I +want/like/plan + to V…
30. I wish
31. If (Whether) . . . .
32. If + S + V..., S. + V....
33. If + S + V-ed, S + would …
34. If + S1 + V1..., S2 + V2....
35. if only
1. How many kids do they
have now? 2. How much is
that sweater, the blue
one?
1. How about going for a
walk? 2. How about going
to a movie this evening.
1. I want to hold your
hand. 2. We’re planning to
visit France this summer.
1. I wish you hadn’t told
me all this. 2. I wish I
knew what was going to
happen.
1. I am not sure whether
he will arrive on time(or
not). 2. I have no idea if
he is the right person for
the job.
1. If you feel sad or
afraid, try wearing
something orange. 2. If it
rains tomorrow, I won’t
go.
1. If I were you, I might
marry him. 2. If I had a
robot, I would ask it to
help me with my lessons.
1. I’ll only stay if you
offer me more money. 2.
You can stay to dinner if
you like.
1. If only I were rich. 2.
 If only I knew her name.
36. 1. Had he written that
if的省略
letter, she wouldn’t have
made this mistake. 2.
Should it rain tomorrow,
I would stay home.
37. In other words/Furthermore/ … 1. In other words, the
, S + V. objective is to avoid
losing. 2. Furthermore,
my aim is to provide the
best service possible
under these difficult
circumstances.
38. Indirect speech 1. The girl said that they
were going to Florida. 2.
Father told me that he
was disappointed in me.
39. Instead of + Ving, S + V.... 1. Let’s play cards instead
of watching television. 2.
Instead of Tom, it was
Peter who moved in.
40. Instead, .... 1. Don’t marry Phil; marry
me instead. 2. Peter did
not join the army;
instead, he decided to
become a painter.
41. It (so) happens that 1. It happened that she
was out when he called. 2.
It happened that the new
person in the office was
the woman he had met at
Gail’s party.
42. It + takes/took + somebody + 1. It took her three
 time + to V.
43. It appears/seems that
44.
It costs (人) + 錢 + to V
45. It is (was) . . . that . . . (3-8)
46. It is + adj + for S + to V
47. It is + adj + of someone +toV
48. It is + adj. + to + V (1-10)
49. It is no use + V-ing
50. It is said (that) S + V
hours to mend her
bicycle. 2. It took us half
an hour to get there.
1. It appears that there
has been a change in the
plans. 2. It seems that
the attack this morning
was very carefully
planned to cause few
casualties.
1. It costs them 1000
pounds a year to run a
car. 2. It’s going to cost
me over $100,000 to buy
new trucks.
1. It was the best coffee
that I have ever tasted.
2. It was the funniest
joke that I have ever
heard.
1. It is easy for her to do
the job. 2. It is sad for
me to hear the news.
1. It is kind of you to
help me. 2. It is nice of
you to do this for me.
1. It is convenient to eat
at a food stand. 2. It is
wrong to cheat on exams.
1. It is no use pretending
you didn’t know. 2. It’s no
use arguing with a drunk.
1. It is said he’s a genius.

51. It is time
52. It is time (for sb.)… to + V
53. It is/was … that …
54. lest…should
55. Make + O. + n./adj.)
56. Make + O. + V.
57. N + V-ing . . .
58. need/want/require + V-ing
2. It is said that he was a
spy during the war.
1. It is time we were
going. 2. It is time we
had a party.
1. It is time (for us) to
go home.
2. It is time (for us)to
clean it up.
1. It’s no use arguing
with her - she won’t
listen.
2. It’s no use arguing
with a drunk.
1. He ran away lest he
(should) be seen.
2. She pulled away from
the window lest anyone
seem them.
1. His answer made me
happy. 2. I’ll make him my
servant.
1. He made me drive the
car. 2. The teacher
makes Jack clean the
window.
1. She was the woman
sitting behind me in the
restaurant yesterday. 2.
It was a series of
separate walls extending
across northern China.
1. The garden doesn’t
 need watering. 2. All cars
require servicing
regularly.
59. neither…nor 1. He neither knows nor
cars what happened. 2.
The hotel is neither
spacious nor comfortable.
60. 1. It never rains but it
never … but (沒有 … 而不)
pours. 2. I never came to
club but I met Tom.
61. No + V-ing 1. There is no mistaking a
tiger for a dog. 2. There
is no knowing how many
people got killed in World
War II.
62. No matter what . . . 1. No matter what he did,
they were bored. 2. No
matter what you do, I’ll
always love you.
63. No sooner had + S + V + than …. 1. No sooner had he
arrived than he was
asked to leave again. 2.
No sooner had he sat
down than the phone
rang.
64. Not only …, but (also) … 1. He not only finished his
homework in time but
also enjoyed doing it. 2.
We go there not only in
winter, but also in
summer.
65. Not + V-ing…, S + V… 1. Not being tall enough,
I stood on a chair to get
 it. 2. Not knowing what to
do , I hid myself under
the bed in my room.
66. not…until. 1. He didn’t shut up until
the teacher came in. 2.
He didn’t get up until
8:00.
67. Now that + S +V . . . . 1. Now that you are here,
why not have a drink? 2.
Now that you have
passed the test, you can
drive on your own.
68. Only when + S1 + V1...+ aux + S2 + 1. Only when you really
V2 . love someone can you
know the power of love.
2. Only when you see it
can you believe it.
69. Passive Voice 1. Her leg was broken. 2.
He was bitten by a dog.
70. Relative clauses 1. Marian is the teacher
who teaches my son
English. 2. The girl who
sits in the front row is
from Japan.
71. S + ask/want/tell/like/allow + 1. I asked James to buy
somebody + to V. some bread. 2. The boss
doesn’t allow me to use
the telephone.
72. S + aux + not + V + without + 1. You can’t leave the
N/Ving. country without a
passport. 2. He couldn’t
live with her.
73. S + be worth + Ving/NP. 1. The book is worth

74. S + cannot help + Ving.
75. S + find/keep/catch/ + O + V-
ing/PP
76. S + have no choice but to V.
77. S + have trouble/difficulty +
Ving.
78. S + hear/see + O + V/Ving....
79. S + insist/advise + that + S +
(should) + V
80. S + V + by + Ving
81. S + V + wh-clause
reading. 2. The picture is
worth about two
thousand pounds.
1. He can’t help having big
ears. 2. I couldn’t help
hearing what you just
said.
1. The lady kept the man
waiting for a long time. 2.
You will find people
walking faster and
working harder in a big
city.
1. They have no choice
but to agree to what he
suggested. 2. He has no
choice but to go home..
1. He has trouble in
studying math. 2. We
have enough difficulty
paying the rent as it is!
1. I saw a boy playing
there. 2. I saw Mrs.
Smith singing.
1. The girl insisted that
Vingo join them. 2. We
advised that they should
start early.
1. She earns her living by
selling insurance. 2. He
was struck by lightning.
1. I don’t know where he
lives. 2. I couldn’t hear
 what she said.
82. 1. She enjoys playing
S + V + 分詞
tennis. 2. She’s never
liked swimming.
83. S + V…, including + NP. 1. The band played many
songs, including postage
and packing. 2. Sales up
to and including last
month amounted to
$100,000.
84. S + V…, unless S + V…. 1. You will never pass the
exam unless you study
hard. 2. Kevin never tells
a lie unless he is forced
to.
85. S1 + have + V1en… since S2 + 1. Where have you been
V2ed. since I last saw you. 2. It
was the first time I’d
won since I’d learnt to
play chess.
86. S1 + V1 + so + adj/adv + that + S2 1. He was so ill that we
+ V2.... had to send for a doctor.
2. She was so angry that
she couldn’t speak.
87. See/Hear + O + V-ing 1. The soldiers could see
the enemy coming from
far away. 2. We heard
him playing the guitar.
88. Should/Shouldn’t + have + p.p. 1. You should have told
me that before we
left the tree.
2. “Tom, you should have
done your homework.”
89. so +adj./adv. + that …
90. So that ....
91. such … that…
92.
so/neither的倒裝
93. Some … and some …
94. Stop + O + from + V ing:
1. It was so hot that I
couldn’t think clearly.
2. She was so beautiful
that every boy in the
room kept looking at
her.
1. You should take care
of yourself so that you
won’t get sick.
2. Use your time well so
that you won’t get
behind in your studies.
1. Work was such a deep
pleasures for her that
She never though of
stopping.
1. He is divorced and so
am I.
2. He doesn’t like
Beethoven and neither
do I.
1. Some learn it faster
and some slower.
2. Some people traveled
by car and some by
train.
1. I have made up my
mind. No one can stop
me from going.
2. When I was listening
to the terrible ghost
story, I couldn’t stop
my body from shaking.
95. Such as . . . .
96. That's why/how . . . +S + V
97. The + -er + S + V . . . , the + -er 1. The more you eat, the
+S+V..
98. The imperative mood
99. The past perfective
1 The superlative construction
00.
101. Those who
1. Sports are good for
the health, but some
sports, such as
motorcycle racing, can be
dangerous.
1. That’s why you gave
John so much money. 2.
That’s how you finished
doing your homework.
fatter you will get.
2. The longer you stay,
the more you will have
to pay.
1. Be patient.
2. Don’t jump to
conclusions.
1. The children had all
gone to bed by ten
o’clock last night.
2. I found the watch
that I had lost.
1. Susan is the shortest
of the three.
2. Cindy is the least
heavy of the three.
1. Those who expect the
worst are less likely to
be disappointed.
2. Those who took up
weapons to defend
themselves are
political prisoners.
1 To + V ..., S + V 1. To get a good seat,
02. she arrived early.
2. To earn money, she‘s
working hard.
1 Too…to… 1. The opportunity is too
03. good to miss.
2. Sue was too young to
go to school.
1 1. Stop talking!
V + … + and/or S + V (祈使句)
04. 2. Go away!
1 V-ing . . . , S + V 1. A man sat under a
05. tree, selling hats to
passers-by.
2. Picking up all the hats,
the man went home
happily.
1 Wh- to V 1. If you are not sure
06. what to do, just ask. 2.
They showed her how to
operate the faucet.
1 When it comes to + NP/Ving, S + 1. I’m as good a cook as
07. V.… she is except when it
comes to making
pastry.
2. I can use a computer,
but when it comes to
repairing them, I know
nothing.
1 Wherever/Whatever/However/ 1. Whatever you like, you
08. Whenever/Whichever S1 + V1, S2 can eat.
+ V2 . 2. Wherever he is, I’ll
find him.
1 Whether … or … 1. We were wondering
09. whether to go today
or tomorrow.
2. To this day, it’s
unclear whether he
shot himself or was
murdered.
110. would rather … than 1. I would rather walk
than take a bus.
2. She’d rather die than
lose the children.