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INTERMEDIATE SCIENCE INTERMEDIATE SCIENCE INTERMEDIATE SCIENCE INTERMEDIATE SCIENCE
Physics ( ||l-+ z|||)
LESSON - I
Units & Dimension (;r; rt fnr)
1.1 Physical Quantities (+rrfa zrr
Physics + l-n| +| =nn- + ln( Physical Quantities +| c = =nn- +i
~|z+-| t +|l+ Physics +i ~||z|in| Physical Quantities t
Physical Quantities + -<|t| t
n||| (Mass|, n-|: (Length|, =n (Time|, - (Density|, -|n|-
(Temperature|, (Velocity|, | (Acceleration|, n (Force|, ~|z|
(Charge| ~| || (Current| ~|l< ~-+| -<|t| t :-t <| =nt| n l||l- l+|
| =+-| t = Fundamental Physical Quantities ~| Derived Physical
Quantities.
1.2 Fundamental Physical Quantities (nrf +rrfa zrr
t t l-+| l+=i <= Physical Quantities = --- -ti l+| |-| t l-+ :-+|
-| ~- <= Physical Quantites +| --- +- n n|| |-| t
Fundamental Physical Quantities (+ <= = -| t|- t =|- Fundamental
Quantities := +| t
Mass, Length, Time, Temperature, Current, Intensity ~| Amount of Substance.
:- =|- Fundamental Quantities +| -| + ~- =|i Physical Quantities +| +-
l+| |-| t
1.3 Derived Physical Quantities
Fundamental Quantities +| -| + l- Physical Quantities +| +- l+ |- t
--t Derived Physical Quantities +t- t :-+ -<|t| t
Velocity, Acceleration, Force, Density, Momentum ~|l< l< Velocity l-| +
-| := Length ~| Time n +- l+| |-| t ~||-
Velocity = Length /Time
2.1 Unit (;r;)
Physical Quantities +| n|- ( -n-| +- + ln( Units +i - t|-i t =
-| = l<-ni l+--i < t ~| t <i l+= :+|: n t <i +- +- + ln(
=| ~| :+|: <|-| ~|z+ t = -| = l<-ni n| l+n|ni t t|
=| ~| :+|: l+n|ni t ~| - t +- l+| | =+-| t l+ i =
--<n| +i <i -| = l<-ni +i <i = l+--| || ~l+ t
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<i n|- + ln( Length +| Standard Unit (n|-+ :+|:| - l+| | t
Meter n ~--|i - (+ =|| t Weight & Measure l=- n
International System of Unit - l+| t | SI System + -|n = |-| |-| t SI
System n =|i Fundamental Quantities ~| := n|- +i :+|: -|n := +| t
Fundamental Quantities Name of Unit Symbol
(a) Mass Kilogram kg
(b) Length Meter m
(c) Time Second s
(d) Temperature Kelvin k
(e) Current Ampere A
(f) Luminous Intensity Candela Cd
(g) Amount of Substance mole mol
:- =|- Fundamental Quantities + ~l-l+- <| ~| + Fundamental Quantities t
l-+ -|n ~| :+|: := +| t
(h) Plane angle radian rad
(i) Solid angle steradian sr
Derived Quantities +i :+|: Fundamental Quantities +i :+|: = - +i |-i t
+ Derived Quantities +i :+|: +| t|l+ -|n|+| |i t|-| t =
Derived Quantities Unit Practical name
Force kg-m/s
2
Newton
Work or Energy kg-m
2
/s
2
Joule
SI System of Unit n| t|- = tn | -ln- :+|: |i -=+| -|n t
(a) fps :+|: - Foot- Pound- second
(b) cgs :+|: - centimeter- gram-second
(c) mks :+|: - meter-kilogram-second
l+=i |i Fundamental Quantity + n|- + ln( | :+|: - +i : t -=+ i
a|= ||l-+ ~|| t = =n +i :+|: Second | t
86400
1
lt=| ~|=-- (+
l<- + =n +|

3.1 Dimension (fnr & Dimensional Formula (fnt =r
Dimension
Dimension +| l||l|- +- + ln( Fundamental Quantities +| ~n~n Letter
Symbol = =l-- l+| |-| t, =
Length- L, Mass-M, Time-T, Current-I ~| Temperature-K ~|l<
l< Length +| Dimension ln|-| t| -| := +| ln|| |-| t
[Length] = LM
0
T
0

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t| L +| | t ~| ~- =|i Fundamental Quantities +| | z|- t
Fundamental Quantities -c| | +| = 1,0,0 +| Length +| Dimension
+t| |-| t
:=i +| Mass +| Dimension ln|| |-| t
[Mass] = ML
0
T
0

t| M,L ~| T +| | +nz| 1,0,0 +| Mass +| Dimension +t| ||

3.2 Dimensional Formula
(i) l+=i |i Derived Physical Quantity +| Dimensional Formula ln|- + ln(, :=+
=-- Fundamental Quantity + =|| +i |-+|i ~|z+ t = Velocity +|
=-- Length ( Time + =|| n|nn t, :=ln(

Time
Distance
Velocity =

[Time]
[Distance]
[Velocity] =

T
L
=

-1
LT [Velocity] or =
:= Velocity +| Dimensional Formula +t- t t| Velocity +| Dimension L
~| T +| | +nz| , t
(ii) l< Force | Derived Physical Quantity t :=+| Dimensional Formula ln|- +
ln( :=+i l|||| a|- t|-| -|lt( Force (n| +i l|||| =
on Accelerati Mass Force =

Time
Velocity
Mass =


[Time]
[Velocity]
Mass] [ [Force] =


T
LT M
1

=

or
2
LT M ] Force [

=
:= Force +| Dimensional Formula +t- t ~| Force +| Dimensions M, L ( T n +nz|
, , : t
[ ] := Bracket +| :-n|n
Dimensional form n
ln|- + ln( +- t
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(iii) -i=| -<|t| Gravitational Constant +| n- t
-- + |+|| l-n =

2
2 1
r
m m
G F

=


2 1
2
m m
r F
G

=

or
] m [ ] m [
] r [ ] F [
] G [
2 1
2

=


M M
L MLT
2 2

or
2 3 1
T L M ] G [

=
:= Gravitational Constant +| Dimensional Formula +t- t ~| G +| Dimensions
M, L, T n +nz| , , : t
:= +| ~- =|i Derived Physical Quantities +| Dimensional formula ~|
Dimensions l-+|n- +| ~|= +-| -|lt(

4.1 Dimensional Formula srn
:-+ n -i- -| t
(i) Conversion of Units (:+|:| + i- <n||
l+=i |i Physical Quantity +| (+ System of Unit n l--| n|- t -= <= System
of Unit n <n| | =+-| t = SI System n l< n +| n|- -- t -|
C.G.S. System n t l+--| t|| ` := Dimensional Formula +i n<< = a|- l+|
| =+-| t
-l+ SI system ti | t| n -| l+| |-| t ~- l-| = :=+i
--| t| -ti +i | ti t
(ii) =ni+| +i =-| +i |- + ln( (To verify the Equation|
+|: Physical equation =ti t l+ -ti :=+i |- Principle of homogeneity of
dimension l=z|-- n| + l+| |-| t = l-||i =ni+| t

2
ft
2
1
ut S + =
t| t =n n u = -n+ - +i : <i s t
~| f | t

l< := =ni+| +| Dimensinal form n ln| -|
t| F +| <| <|| l=+i n|||
m
1
, m
2
+ i- ~|+|| n t
m
1
( m
2
+ i- <i r t
~| Gravitational Constant (G)
t
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] t [ ] f [
2
1
] t [ ] u [ ] S [
2
+ =


2 2 1
T LT T LT L + =


or L L L + =
:= =ni+| + <|-| - +| Dimension L n t ~- =ni+| Dimension
+i <l+|| = =ti t
;= srn t =tnr
-l+ =| +| Dimension -ti t|-| t, ~- =ni+| Dimensionally =ti t|-
t( |i =ti -ti t| =+-| t | =ni+| Dimensionally n- t, t |-l+-| n
n- t
(iii) ll|-- Physical Quantities + i- =-- ||l- +-| (To establish relation between
physical quantities|
(=| relation ||l- +- + ln( Principle of homogeneity of dimension +| -|
+- t :=+ ln( t |-+|i ~|z+ t l+ (+ Physical Quantity ~- +|-+|-
= Physical Quantities l-| t -<|t| + ln( Simple pendulum n- t
Simple Pendulum (=n <|n+| +| time-period l-+|n-| t :=n (+ n-|: (L|
+| || + =|| m n||| +i |ni (bob with hook| <|n- +-| t l< ||- +|
i | (g| t| -| time-period (t) +i l-|-| l, m ( g := +| ln|| |
=+-| t
t=K l
a
m
b
g
c
(1)
t| K l-| dimension + (+ l||+ t a, b, c, | t +nz| l, m, g +|
:= =ni+| +| Dimensional Form n <|-| - ln|- , K +| |+,

c b a
[g] [m] ] l [ [t] =
or
c b a
) LT ( M L T
2
=


c C b a
T L M L
2
=

c b c a
T M L
2 +
=
or
c b c a O O
T M L L TM
2 +
= (2) t| 1 =
o
M -| 1 =
o
L
-+- =ni+| : n Principle of homogeneity of dimension n|| |-| t :=+
~-=| L,M,T +| Dimension <|-| - | t|-| -|lt( (=| +-
T + ln(, 1 = - 2c
or c = -1/2
L + ln(, O = a + c
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or a = - c = 1/2
M + ln(, 0 = b
or b = 0
~- a = 1/2
b = 0
c = - 1/2
a, b, c +| n|- =ni+| (| n |-

2
1
0
2
1
= g m Kl t


g
l
K =


t Simple pendulum + ln( time-period +| =| t -l+ K +| +|: Dimension
-ti t, :=ln( Dimensional method = K +| n|- -ti a|- l+| | =+-| t
Units & Dimensions ~||l- =|n| +| tn +- +| ~|= ~n = +-|
-|lt(
r (zr q t rz
n|+
~-|, lt| l|n i-|| =lnl-
r =f+rta n rfrra r

sa =r = =fa r
(| +| :=+i |||| =n ~| =nn- n ~|=|- t `
(:| +| lt-<i~i lnni ni |||| =< t
(| +| l= lt-<i | l= ~i |||| n ln|i | `
(:| -+- l| =nn- n +|: +la-|: t -| -=+| l+ +
(| := =-- n ~| +|: =n| t| -| -=+| l+ +
rrrt r ar .-
+r e-mail Address
lt| l|n i-|| =lnl- (-n|| suggestion_bseb@hotmail.com
z n|, -|
||| = ~-| t l+ Units & Dimensions ln| n| +| |-+ c ( -+-
z-| +| | ||-| | e-mail - | :=+ ~l-l+- := =-- n +|: =n|
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t| -| t |i < l== ~| t- -i+ = ~- l|| =|ni -| + Web-site
-n +|| | =+