Level 4

Dr. Anas Rabata

- DENTIST BACHELOR DEGREE, Damascus university in 2007. - MASTER DEGREE, Department of Histology and oral Pathology in Damascus university in 2011 - Dental Implantation Diploma, Dental Collage, Beirut, Lebanon, in 2010.

Dentin
Secrete by odontoblasts

Mineralized tissue (70%)

Main bulk of the tooth

Enamel Cementum

Properties

color
Light yellow in deciduous teeth yellow in permanent teeth Darker with age

hardness
Enamel> Dentin > Bone & Cementum 96% > 70% > 65% With age

permeability
Dentinal tubules Highly permeable With advancing age

Tensile strength and compressibility

Dentin > Enamel Highly elastic support enamel

transparently
Semi-transparent Deciduous teeth

Radio density
radiopaque Enamel > dentin 96% > 70%

Specific gravity
2.1

Water 10%

Inorganic material 70%

Organic substance 20%

Dentin

Inorganic material

Hydroxyapatite crystals

Hydroxyapatite crystals are plate shaped and much smaller than the Hydroxyapatite crystals in enamel

Carbonates Fluoride phosphates sulfates

90% Collagenous fibril ( type 1)

proteoglycans Mucopolysaccharrides Glycosaminoglycans

Organic substance

phosphoprotein

lipid

Histological Structure of dentin

The dentinal tubules Processes of odontoblasts Dentinal matrix

Peritubular dentin
INTERTUBULAR DENTIN

Predentin

The dentinal tubules

S- shaped curvature Starting at the right angle From the pulp surface

More pronounced in crowen

In the crown > root

(3-4 um) in diameter near the pulp > (1um) at their outer ends

End perpendicular to the DEJ

number of tubules Inner surface > Outer surfaces 4:1

Dentinal tubules have lateral branches termed canaliculi or microtubules

Peritubular dentin

hypermineralized dentin that immediately surround the dentinal tubules.

has more mineral content and less collagen fibres and more of density.

Peritubular dentin forms the wall of the tubules in all of dentin.

INTERTUBULAR DENTIN

It is located between the zones of peritubular dentin

Forms the main bulk of dentin

About one-half of its volume is organic matrix

Mineralized peritubular dentin > Intertubular dentin

Predentin

Unmineralized matrix

adjacent to the pulpal (2-6um wide) - collagen fibers

undergo mineralization
- Predentin dentin - new layer of predentin forms circum-pulpally

- predentin

Processes of odontoblasts
The bodies of the odontoblasts are arranged in a layer on the pulpal surface of the dentin, and only their cytoplasmic processes are included in the tubules in the mineralized matrix.

Each cell gives rise to one process, which traverses the predentin & calcified dentin within one tubule. Terminates in a branching network at the junction with enamel or cementum.

mantle dentin

Primary dentin

circumpulpal dentin

Types of dentin
Secondary dentin Tertiary dentin

Primary dentin
The dentin formed from initial phase up to the completion of the root

mantle dentin

circumpulpal dentin

The first formed in the crown

Forms most of the tooth

Underlying the dentinoenamel junction The outer part of the primary dentin

All the dentin formed prior to root completion

Hypomineralized compared to circumpulpal dentin

A narrow band of dentin bordering the pulp and representing the dentin formed after root completion.

represents the continuing deposition of dentin by ODs

Secondary dentin
Contains fewer tubules than primary dentin. There is usually a bend in the tubules where primary and secondary dentin interface.

Produced in reaction to various stimuli

Produced only by those cells affected by the stimulus

Reactive or reparative dentin

May have tubules few in numbers and irregularly arranged

Tertiary dentin

The incremental lines (von ebner)

appear as fine lines or striations in dentin.

They run at right angles to the dentinal tubules.

reflect the daily rhythmic, recurrent deposition of dentin matrix as well as periods of rest between daily increments

Contour lines of owen are accentuated because these are more hypocalcified bands

neonatal line

deciduous teeth and in the first permanent molars

Separated between the prenatal and postnatal dentin

reflects the abrupt change in environmen that occurs at birth.

The dentin matrix formed prior to birth is usually of better quality than that formed after birth.

Interglobular dentin

Mineralization of dentin begin in small globular That fail to fuse into a homogenous mass Areas of hypomineralized dentin between globulars

The dentinal tubules pass uninterrupted through interglobular dentin

Granular layer of Tomes When root dentin is viewed under transmitted light in ground sections a thin granular layer is visible in dentin adjacent to cementodentinal junction

Slightly increases in amount from the cementoenamel junction to the root apex.
Caused by the union and looping of the terminal portion of the dentinal tubules

Dentinocemental junction

Thin line between dentin and cementum

Line in permanent tooth and scalloped in deciduous tooth

Peripheral to Granular layer of Tomes

innervation of dentin

Some of nerve fibers of pulp end in 100 to 150 um in dentin tubules

Crown > root

THEORIES OF PAIN TRANSMISSION THROUGH DENTIN

1. Direct neural stimulation: in which stimuli directly effect the nerve endings in the tubules.
2. Hydrodynamic theory: in which stimuli cause an inward or outward movement of fluid in the tubule, which in turn produces movement of the odontoblast and its processes.

3. Transduction theory: in which the membrane of the odontoblast process conducts an impulse to the nerve endings in the predentin, odontoblast zone, and pulp