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From John Fu
Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus
Department 1, Institute of MathematicsChair for Numerical Mathematics an Scientific ComputingProf. Dr. G. Bader, Dr. A. Pawell
Problem Session to the Course: Mathematics I
Environmental and Resource Management WS 2002/03Solutions to Sheet No. 13 (Deadline: January, 27/28 2002)
Homework
H 13.1:
Eigenvalues of
A
:
λ
1
=
−
1
,λ
2
/
3
= 1Eigenvectors:
λ
1
=
−
1:
2 0 00 1 10 1 1
x
= 0
, x
= (0
,
1
,
−
1)
T
, c
1
=1
√
2(0
,
1
,
−
1)
T
λ
2
/
3
= 1:
c
2
=1
√
2(0
,
1
,
1)
T
, c
3
= (1
,
0
,
0)
T
C
=
0 0 1
1
√
21
√
2
0
−
1
√
21
√
2
0
.q
(
x
) =
x
T
Ax
=
x
21
+ 2
x
2
x
3
.B
=
C, C
T
AC
= diag(1
,
−
1
,
−
1)
q
(
Cy
) = (
C y
)
T
A
(
C y
) =
y
T
C
T
ACy
=
y
T
diag(1
,
−
1
,
−
1)
y
=
y
21
−
y
22
−
y
23
.
H 13.2:
det(
A
−
λE
) = det
1
−
λ
1 10 1
−
λ
50
−
1
−
1
−
λ
=(1
−
λ
)[(1
−
λ
)(
−
1
−
λ
) + 5] = (1
−
λ
)[4 +
λ
2
] = 0
⇒
λ
1
= 1
, λ
2
/
3
=
±
2
i
Eigenvectors:
1
−
λ
1 10 1
−
λ
50
−
1
−
1
−
λ
x
=
0
λ
1
= 1:
0 1 10 0 50
−
1
−
2
, x
=
t
(1
,
0
,
0)
T
λ
1
= 2
i
:
1
−
2
i
1 10 1
−
2
i
50
−
1
−
1
−
2
i
x
=
0
1
−
2
i
1 10
−
1
−
1
−
2
i
0 0 0
x
=
0
, x
=
2
i
1
−
2
i,
−
1
−
2
i,
1
T
λ
1
=
−
2
i
:
1 + 2
i
1 10 1 + 2
i
50
−
1
−
1 + 2
i
x
=
0
1 + 2
i
1 10
−
1
−
1 + 2
i
0 0 0
x
=
0
, x
=
−
2
i
1 + 2
i,
−
1 + 2
i,
1
T
H 13.3:
det(
A
−
λE
) = det
1
−
λ
11 3
−
λ
= (1
−
λ
)(3
−
λ
)
−
1 =
λ
2
−
4
λ
+ 2
.
Eigenvalues:
λ
1
/
2
= 2
±√
2Eigenvectors:
λ
= 2 +
√
2
−
1
−√
2 11 1
−√
2
x
=
0
, x
=1
4
−
2
√
2(
−
1 +
√
2
,
1)
T
λ
= 2
−√
2
−
1 +
√
2 11 1 +
√
2
x
=
0
, x
=1
4 + 2
√
2(
−
1
−√
2
,
1)
T
2
B
−
1+
√
2
√
4
−
2
√
2
−
1
−√
2
√
4+2
√
21
√
4
−
2
√
21
√
4+2
√
2
B
−
1
=
B
T
, B
−
1
AB
=
2 +
√
2 00 2
−√
2
Additional Problems
P 13.1:
det(
A
−
λE
) = det
5
−
λ
2 02 5
−
λ
00 0 3
−
λ
=(3
−
λ
)
(5
−
λ
)
2
−
4 =
λ
2
−
10
λ
+ 21
= 0
⇒
λ
1
= 7
, λ
2
,
3
= 3
.
−
2 2 02
−
2 00 0
−
4
x
=
0
, x
1
=1
√
2
110
2 2 02 2 00 0 0
x
=
0
, x
2
=1
√
2
1
−
10
, x
3
=
001
C
=1
√
2
1 1 01
−
1 00 0
√
2
C
T
AC
=12
1 1 01
−
1 00 0
√
2
5 2 02 5 00 0 3
1 1 01
−
1 00 0
√
2
=12
14 0 00 6 00 0 6
=
7 0 00 3 00 0 6
=
λ
1
0 00
λ
2
00 0
λ
3
b)
q
(
x
) =
x
T
Ax
= 5
x
21
+ 4
x
1
x
2
+ 5
x
22
+
x
23
q
(
y
) :=
q
(
C y
) =
q
(
x
) =
y
T
7 0 00 3 00 0 6
y
= 7
y
21
+ 3
y
22
+ 3
y
23
The transformation
x
=
C y
is an orthogonal transformation of the coor-dinate system. det
C
= 1
⇒
the transformation is a rotation of thecoordinate system.
C
=1
√
2
1 1 01
−
1 00 0
√
2
=
0 1 01 0 00 0 1
1
√
2
1
−
1 01 1 00 0
√
2
=3
of 00
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