TRANSFORMATIONS PAAU GALICIA - YEARS 2009-2011 1.

David Givens asked: How do two bodies get close enough together to procreate? David Givens asked how .... 2. True love is so complex that we cannot explain it. True love is too 3. Men have been attracted to certain sizes of hips and waists for more than 20,000 years. Certain 4. Codes of attraction and beauty may be millions of years old. It is possible that 5. Ive done about fifty jumps, Mark Debenham said. Mark Debenham said that 6. Bungee jumping is an incredible experience, which makes your heart race. Bungee jumping is such 7. If you are 50 years old or more you need to have a medical certificate. You must 8. Many people take it up as a sport. It * 9. Copying it would be useless. It would... 10. The new owners gave it a place in American pop culture. It ... * 11. Its not impossible to decipher the formula. Deciphering . 12. A pharmacist called John Pemberton created the formula in his laboratory. John Pemberton, who 13. You can always practise outside in a local park. Its free and spacious. You can ., which 14. Dance teachers are more interested in the size of your talent than your waist. The size of 15. It is possible that you will think about following a career in dance. You may 16. It's essential to warm up to avoid unnecessary injuries. You must 17. They use samples from the collection in order to study the minerals. Samples from the collection 18. We advise you to see the beautiful animated film. You, they said to us. 19. In the exhibition, there is a model house. The exhibition 20. A large model shows you a modern gold mine. You can see 21. Wiseman said he had found the funniest jokes in the world. I said Wiseman. 22. The most popular jokes were about the relationship between men and women. People enjoyed 23. Americans and Canadians prefer jokes that make somebody look stupid. The Americans and Canadians favourite 24. Chris Wiseman conducted an experiment to find the worlds most popular joke. In order to 25. By feeding these friendly bacteria into our system, we fight the bad bacteria. If we ... 26. Probiotics can help your immune system. Your immune system ... *27. We may not like to eat them so much. We may not enjoy 28. Our digestive health may be affected if we dont eat them. Unless 29. Skaters were transporting goods across frozen waterways. Goods ...

30. The International Skating Union was founded. Six years later, the first official event was celebrated. Six years after 31. As judges deduct points, a balanced programme is important. If judges didnt .... 32. Ice dancing consists of three sections. There are 33. Phelps says, I eat pretty much whatever I want Phelps said that .. 34. Phelps could improve his diet by including some fruit or salad. Phelps could improve his diet if . 35. Contrary to the copious breakfasts eaten by Phelps . Contrary to the copious breakfasts which 36. Maybe he met Michael Phelps there. He may .... 37. Don't leave tempting shoes, clothing or children's toys within reach of your dog. The writer advises us 38. His appetite may not be good. Perhaps 39. Don't allow him to do something one time and forbid it another. If you allow him 40. We must teach our pet manners. Our pet 41. Do responsible learners volunteer to clean the blackboard? Are they diligent and obedient? The writer asks (Careful! The reporting verb is in the present tense.) 42. They may not always be like that. Perhaps .. 43. You can bring a horse to the water. A horse 44. Learning will only happen if learners are willing to contribute. Unless . 45. My clients range from the paranoid to the extremely wealthy. Some of my clients 46. At the moment were working on one of the biggest cases weve ever handled. The author said that . 47. Ill teach the client how to live a different life. The client ........ 48. He is criminally connected, so his wife is worried that hell try to have her murdered. Because . -------------------Notes: The sentences marked with an asterisk (*) deal with gerunds and/or infinitives. You must go over the grammar worksheet that I gave you in class before doing them. Number of transformations in this worksheet with the following grammar topics: Passives: 10 (Numbers 3, 8, 10, 17, 26, 29, 35, 40, 43, 47) Modals: 9 (Numbers 4, 7, 15, 16, 20, 36, 38, 39, 42) Reported speech and reporting verbs: 8 (Numbers 1, 5, 18, 21, 33, 37, 41, 46) Mixed tenses: 7 (Numbers 14, 19, 23, 30, 32, 39, 45) Conditionals: 6 (Numbers 25, 28, 31, 34, 39, 44) Gerunds and infinitives: 3 (Numbers 9, 11, 27) Relatives: 3 (Numbers 12, 13, 35) Connectors: 3 (Numbers 6, 24, 48) Too/enough or comparatives/superlatives: 2 (Numbers 2, 22) Adjectives ending in -ed or -ing: 1 (Number 14) --------------------

ANSWER KEY 1. David Givens asked How do two bodies get close enough together to procreate? David Givens asked how two bodies got close enough to procreate. 2. True love is so complex that we cannot explain it. True love is too complex to be explained. 3. Men have been attracted to certain sizes of hips and waists for more than 20,000 years. Certain sizes of hips and waists have attracted men for more than 20,000 years. 4. Codes of attraction and beauty may be millions of years old. It is possible that codes of attraction and beauty are millions of years old. 5. Ive done about fifty jumps, Mark Debenham said. Mark Debenham said that he had done about fifty jumps. 6. Bungee jumping is an incredible experience, which makes your heart race. Bungee jumping is such an incredible experience that it makes your heart race. 7. If you are 50 years old or more, you need to have a medical certificate. You must be 50 years or more to have a medical certificate. 8. Many people take it up as a sport. It is taken up as a sport by many people. * 9. Copying it would be useless. It would be useless to copy it. 10. The new owners gave it a place in American pop culture. It was given a place in American pop culture by the new owners. * 11. Its not impossible to decipher the formula. Deciphering the formula is not impossible. 12. A pharmacist called John Pemberton created the formula in his laboratory. John Pemberton, who was a pharmacist, created the formula in his laboratory. 13. You can always practise outside in a local park. Its free and spacious. You can always practise outside in the local park, which is free and spacious. 14. Dance teachers are more interested in the size of your talent than your waist. The size of your talent is more interesting for dance teachers than your waist. 15. It is possible that you will think about following a career in dance. You may think about following a career in dance. 16. It's essential to warm up to avoid unnecessary injuries. You must warm up to avoid unnecessary injuries. 17. They use samples from the collection in order to study the minerals. Samples from the collection are used in order to study the minerals. 18. We advise you to see the beautiful animated film. You should see the beautiful animated film, they said to us. 19. In the exhibition, there is a model house. The exhibition has got/shows a model house. 20. A large model shows you a modern gold mine. You can see a modern gold mine in/inside a large model. 21. Wiseman said he had found the funniest jokes in the world. I found/have found the funniest jokes in the world, said Wiseman. 22. The most popular jokes were about the relationship between men and women. People enjoyed the jokes about the relationship between men and women the most. 23. Americans and Canadians prefer jokes that make somebody look stupid. The Americans and Canadians favourite jokes are the ones that make somebody look stupid. 24. Chris Wiseman conducted an experiment to find the worlds most popular joke. In order to find the world's most popular joke, Chris Wiseman conducted an experiment. 25. By feeding these friendly bacteria into our system, we fight the bad bacteria. If we feed these 'friendly' bacteria into our system, we will fight the bad bacteria. 26. Probiotics can help your immune system. Your immune system can be helped by probiotics. *27. We may not like to eat them so much. We may not enjoy eating them so much. 28. Our digestive health may be affected if we dont eat them. Unless we eat them, our digestive system may be affected. 29. Skaters were transporting goods across frozen waterways. Goods were being transported along frozen waterways by skaters.

30. The International Skating Union was founded. Six years later, the first official event was celebrated. Six years after The International Skating Union had been founded, the first official event was celebrated. 31. As judges deduct points, a balanced programme is important. If judges didnt deduct points, a balanced programme wouldn't be important. 32. Ice dancing consists of three sections. There are three sections in ice dancing. 33. Phelps says, I eat pretty much whatever I want Phelps said that he ate pretty much whatever he wanted. 34. Phelps could improve his diet by including some fruit or salad. Phelps could improve his diet if he included some fruit or salad. 35. Contrary to the copious breakfasts eaten by Phelps . Contrary to the copious breakfasts which Phelps eats/are eaten by Phelps ... 36. Maybe he met Michael Phelps there. He may have met Michael Phelps there. 37. Don't leave tempting shoes, clothing or children's toys within reach of your dog. The writer advises us not to leave tempting shoes, clothing or children's toys within reach of our dog. 38. His appetite may not be good. Perhaps his appetite is not good. 39. Don't allow him to do something one time and forbid it another. If you allow him to do something one time, don't forbid it another. 40. We must teach our pet manners. Our pet must be taught manners. 41. Do responsible learners volunteer to clean the blackboard? Are they diligent and obedient? The writer asks if/whether responsible learners volunteer to clean the blackboard and if/whether they are diligent and obedient. (careful: the reporting verb is in the present tense!) 42. They may not always be like that. Perhaps they are not always like that. 43. You can bring a horse to the water. A horse can be brought to the water. 44. Learning will only happen if learners are willing to contribute. Unless learners are willing to contribute, learning won't happen. 45. My clients range from the paranoid to the extremely wealthy. Some of my clients are paranoid and/while/whereas others are extremely wealthy. 46. At the moment were working on one of the biggest cases weve ever handled. The author said that at that moment, they were working on one of the biggest cases they'd/had ever handled. 47. Ill teach the client how to live a different life. The client will be taught how to live a different life (by me). 48. He is criminally connected, so his wife is worried that hell try to have her murdered. Because he is criminally connected, his wife is worried that he'll try to have her murdered.