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Project on EmergingNanotechnologies
Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies is supported by
THE PEW CHARITABLE TRUSTS
PEN 15
SEPTEMBER 2008
Samuel N. Luoma
OLD PROBLEMS OR NEW CHALLENGES?
SILVER NANOTECHNOLOGIES
AND
THE ENVIRONMENT
:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORDABOUT THE AUTHOREXECUTIVE SUMMARYI. INTRODUCTIONII. FATE AND EFFECTS OF SILVERIN THE ENVIRONMENT
History of Silver ToxicitySource-Pathway-Receptor-ImpactSources: How Much Silver Is Releasedto the Environment by Human Activities?Pathways: What Are the Concentrationsof Silver in the Environment?Pathways: Forms and FateReceptor: In What FormsIs Silver Bioavailable?Impact: Toxicity of Silver
III. EMERGING TECHNOLOGIESAND NANOSILVER
Conceptual FrameworkSources of Nanosilver andPotential Dispersal to the EnvironmentMass Discharges to the Environmentfrom New TechnologiesPathways of Nanosilver in the EnvironmentIs Nanosilver Bioavailable?How Does Nanosilver Manifest Its Toxicity?
IV. THE WAY FORWARD: CONCLUSIONSAND RECOMMENDATIONS145914
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The opinions expressed in this reportare those of the author and do not necessarilyreflect views of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars or The Pew Charitable Trusts.
Samuel N. Luoma
PEN 15
SEPTEMBER 2008
OLD PROBLEMS OR NEW CHALLENGES?
SILVER NANOTECHNOLOGIES
AND
THE ENVIRONMENT
:
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