Vol. 51 I RR.2Wxommandations and 33qwts 1
Recommendafions of: the Advbry Commiftee an ~mm~~izufion Practices(ACIP) and the American Academy of ~FggiEpr Fhy&ians (AAFP)
Prepared byWilliam L. Arkinson. M.D.’larry K. Pickering, M.D.2Benjamin Schwara, M.D.1Bruce G. Wtniger, M.D.’Jdhn K. &u&r, M.DPJohn C. Watson, M.D.’
fImmmieation
mrierr DivirionaOfice
ofhe
Director‘&pi&mialb and Sn~*Uance DittirianNutxa
Immm~tion
PwgramJ‘DiviJion ofRar&ic Dizcam
NuXio?udCtnter&rhxjhiwDire~
This
report iz a ret&m of Gencrd Rccommm&d~~ ot2 mmunizahbn and, up&es the .lP94 statement by the AdvimryComkttee otf Immun;p;at;on Pructic~ (ACIPj &DC. General recommendations on immunization: recommendations ofthe Advhory Committee on Immunization Pracrices [ACIP]. MMWR 1994;43mo. RR-S&1-38). Tbeprinc$~J &ngesin&h cxp~.~~&nof tbr disczusionaf vacchtitm spkng and timing rec~mmcn&titmr flir wuccizu~ths rrdmnistered by anincorrect route, inform&m regarding need&he injectiion t&ho&~ u~ccir~tion of chitirex adaptedfrom count&s outside heUnited States,iming of live-vina vaccination and tubercr+s screeningq&ion sfthe d&cl&m a*rd t&s
of
antruindiaativns
and precautions “garding va&tatzhs, and &titnz of a directory of immunikatiun WOWC%F hese ecommendations re ?wtcomprebensheh ea& vckne. The most rrrmt AC.@ rrcommenh&ms
fur
drh spe~$%vrlcrinc should be consulted ir ad&-tional a&z&. This report, ACIP ~~mme&&cm.s fir each vaccine, czn4other
isfomtion
gardipg itimutition CSPI eacessedat CZXX Ntionai Immunivrtiort Prognzm wtbsxte dt http://wwwcdkguuh~ (access#d t&r
1 I, 2001).
Inf
roducfion
This report provides technical guidance regarding commonimmunization concerns for health-care providers who admin-ister vaccines o children, adolescents, and adults. Vaccine rec-ommen.dations are based on characteristics of theimmunobiologic product, scientific knowledge regarding theprinciples of active and passive mmunization, the epidemiol-ogy and burden of diseases i.e., morbidity, mortality, costs oftreatment, and loss of productivity), the safety of vaccines,and the cost analysis of preventive measures as udged by pub-lic health officials and specialists in clinical and preventivemedicine.Benefits and risks are associated with using al!immunobiologics. ‘No vaccine is completely safe or 100% ef-fective. Benefits of vaccination include partial or completeprotection against the consequencesof infection for the vacci-nated person, as welI as overall benefits to society as a whole.Beneftts include protection from symptomatic illness, im-
Immunization ServicesDiiision, Lance E. Rodewald,M.D., Dictctor.
proved quality of life and~productivity, and prevention of death.SocieJ benefa inch& cre+ion and maintenance of herd im-munity against communicable diseases,prevention of diseaseoutbreaks, and reduction in health-care-related costs. Vacci-nation risks range from common, minor, and local adversee&us
to
rare, sew&e, and life-ehreacenitrg conditions. Thus,recommendations for iminunization practices balance scien-tific evidence.ofbenefits for eacfi person and to society againstthe potential postsand risksof vaccination programs.Standards for child and adolescent immunization practicesand standards foradult immunization practices (1,2) have beenpublished to assist with implementing vaccination programsand maximizing their benefits. Any person or institution thatprovides vaccination servic@ should adopr these standards toimprove immunization delive,ry and protect children, adoks-cents, and adults from vaccine-preventable diseases.To maxim& the benefits of vaccination, this tepoct,pro-vides general information regarding immunobiologics andprovides.practic;rl guidelines concerning vaccine administra-tion and technique. Ta minimize risk from vaccine adminis-tration, this report dekeates situations that warrantprecautions or contraindication to using a vaccine. These rec-ommerxlations are intended for use in the United States be-
Leave a Comment