DEPARTMENTOFMOTORVEHICLES

DISTRICTOFCOLUMBIA

DRIVINGMANUAL DRIVINGMANUAL

Rev. 2/07/2012

Contents
Introduction..................................................................................... 2 Driver License Examination Process............................................. 3 Types of Drivers License & Permits.............................................. 7 Other Services................................................................................. 11 Important Things To Know ........................................................... 14 Driver Information .......................................................................... 15 Driving Rules ................................................................................... 43 Parking Rules .................................................................................. 46 Traffic Rules..................................................................................... 49 Signals, Signs and Markings ......................................................... 55 Identifying Signs by Shapes and Colors ...................................... 58 Regulatory Signs ............................................................................ 61

Introduction
Thismanualprovidesinformationonsafedrivingrulesandpracticesalldrivers shouldknow.Thismanualprovidesinformationonallaspectsofdriving.Be suretoreadtheentiremanualcarefully.Ifyoudonotreadandstudythis manual,youmaynotpasstheknowledgetestrequiredforobtainingaDCdriver license.Youwillnotbepermittedtorefertothismanualwhiletakingthe examination. Anyonewhooperatesamotorvehicleormotorcycleonpublicroadwaysinthe DistrictofColumbiaisrequiredtohaveadriverlicense.Youarerequiredtohave aDCdriverlicensewithin30daysofmovingtotheDistrictofColumbia. YoumayobtainaDCdriverlicenseifyou: Areatleast17yearsold(learnerpermitatage16); Areabletosubmitproofoffulllegalname,dateofbirth,socialsecurity numberandDCresidency; Havesuccessfullycompletedtheknowledgetest,skillsroadtestandvision screening; Haveparental/guardianconsentifunderage18; Surrenderanydriverlicenseoridentificationcardpreviouslyheld; Havenothadyourlicensesuspended,revoked,ordenied; Complywithmedicalrequirements; HavenooutstandingdebttotheDistrictofColumbiaorunpaidfinesfor movingtrafficviolationsinotherjurisdictions. Thismanualwillprovideinformationneededtodriveanon-commercialvehicle (passengercar).Ifyouwantalicensetodriveacommercialvehicle,youwill needtoreadandstudytheCommercialDriverLicense(CDL)Manual.Ifyouwant alicensetodriveamotorcycle,youwillneedtoreadtheMotorcycleOperation Manual,inadditiontothismanuals.

Driver License Examination Process

Knowledge Examination ThedriverlicenseknowledgeexaminationcanbetakenatanyDMVservice center.TheexaminationisavailableinEnglish,Spanish,French,Vietnamese, KoreanandChinese.Theexaminationisalsoavailableinaudioorvisualwith touchscreenresponse.Theofficialexaminationwillbeacomputerizedtest consistingof25questions.Apassingscoreconsistofatleast20correctanswers (80%).Therewillbea$10feechargedeachtimeyoutaketheknowledgetest. Theknowledgetestisdesignedtocheckyourknowledgeoftrafficlaws,rulesof theroad,motorvehiclelaws,andsafedrivingpractices.Theinformationon whichyouwillbetestedisinthisguide. Sample questions for a Class D driver license: 1.Ifatrafficsignallightisgreenandapoliceofficersignalsyoutostop,youshould: A.Obeythetrafficofficer B.Obeythetrafficsignal C.Firstobeythetrafficofficer,thenthesignal D.Dowhatthevehicleinfrontofyoudoes 2.Thebestwaytotellifyouarepermittedtopassothervehiclesistoseeif: A.Thereisagreenflashinglight B.Theroadaheadisstraight C.ThevehicleaheadsignalsthatitisOKtopass D.Therearesolidorbrokenlanemarkings 3.Whenonashortentrancetoaninterstatewherethereisnoaccelerationlane: A.Enterthefarrighttrafficlaneandspeeduptotheflowoftrafficthere B.Usetheshoulderofthemainroadtogetuptothespeedofthetraffic C.Speedupontheentranceonlyafteryouhavefoundagapintraffic Answers: 1-A, 2-D, 3-C Ifyouarebetweentheagesof1620yearsold,youwillbeplacedinthe GraduatedLicensingProgramalsoknownasGRAD(GradualRearingofAdult Drivers).Theofficialexaminationwillbeacomputerizedtestconsistingof30 questions.Apassingscoreconsistofatleast24correctanswers(80%).

ForeignNationalsthatpossessavalidout-of-countryorout-of-statedriverlicense thatwouldliketoobtainaDCdriverlicensewillberequiredtotakeandpassthe knowledgeandeyeexaminations. IfyourDCdriverlicensehasbeenexpiredformorethan90days,youwillbe requiredtotakeandpasstheknowledgeexamination.IfyourDCdriverlicense hasbeenexpiredformorethan180days,youwillberequiredtotakeandpass theknowledgeexaminationandskillsroadtest.Ifyourdriverlicenseisrevoked, uponbeingreinstated,youwillberequiredtotakeandpasstheknowledge examinationandskillsroadtest. IfyouareobtainingorrenewingaDCdriverlicenseandyouare70yearsorolder whenyourdriverlicenseexpires,youmusthaveyourphysiciancompletethe MatureDriversectionoftheDCDriverLicense/MotorVehicleApplication, certifyingbasedontheirmedicaldiagnosis,youhavetheabilitytosafelyoperate amotorvehicle. Ifyoufailtheofficialknowledgetest,youwillnotbeallowedtore-testuntil72 hoursafterthefailtest.Ifyoufailyourknowledgetestsix(6)consecutivetimes, youwillnotbeallowedtoretestuntiloneyearfromthefirstfailedtestdate. Vision Screening Toscreenyourvision,youwillbeaskedtolookintoamachineandreadlinesof lettersornumberstotheDMVrepresentative.Thisscreeningdetermineswhether youreyesightandperipheralvisionmeettheDistrictsstandardstosafelyoperate amotorvehicle.Itisnotamedicalexam.Ifyoufailthevisionscreening,youare requiredtosubmitanEyeReportfromyoureyecareprofessional.Ifyouneedto wearglassesorcontactlensestopassthevisionscreening,youmustwearthem whenyoudrive,andyourlicensewillshowthisrestriction. Ifyouhavehadcorrectivevisionlasersurgery,adoctorscertificationisrequired toremovethecorrectivelensesrestrictionfromyourdriverlicense. Road Skills Test TheRoadSkillsdrivingtestwillincludemaneuvers,drivingintraffic,yourability touseturnsignals,safelycontrollingthevehicleandparallelparking.Theroad skillstestwillbeadministeredonDCroads.A$10feewillbechargedforeach RoadSkillstest. RoadSkillstestaregenerallywaivedifyoupossessavalidout-of-statelicensefor thesameclassoflicenseandareconvertingtoaDCdriverlicense.IfyourDC driverlicensehasbeenexpiredformorethan180days,youwillberequiredto takeandpasstheknowledgeandskillsroadtestexaminations.

Roadskillstestarescheduledbyappointmentonly.Toscheduleadriverlicense roadtestappointmentwiththeDMV,youmustpossessavalidlearnerpermit. Youmayscheduleyourroadtestappointmentonlineatwww.dmv.dc.gov orby calling311. Failuretocancelascheduledroadtestwithintwobusinessdayswillresultina $10cancellationfee.Thisfeewillbecollectedthenexttimeyoucompletea licenserelatedtransaction.Thisfeewillnotbechargedifyoucancelyourroad testpriortotwobusinessdaysorifDMVcancelsyourroadtest.Youmaycancel aroadtestbycallingtheDMVCallCenterat311. Onthedayofyourscheduledroadtestyoumust: Arriveatleast10minutesbeforeyourappointment; Arriveinavehiclethatfulfillsthevehiclerequirements; Bringyourvalidlearnerpermit; Beaccompaniedbyalicenseddriver21yearsorolder; Bringacarthathasvalidregistrationandproofofinsurance;and Wearyourseatbelt.

IfyouareintheGRADprogram(age1620),bringyourcompletedCertificateof EligibilityforProvisionalLicensew/conditionsform. Ifyouhavealearnerpermitanddriveyourselftoyourroadtestappointment withoutbeingaccompaniedbyalicenseddriver21yearsorolder,youwillnotbe abletotakeyourtest.Ifyoufailyourroadskillstest,youwillnotbeallowedto retestpriorto72hoursafterthefailtest.Ifyoufailtheroadskillstestsix(6) consecutivetimes,youwillnotbeallowedtoretestuntiloneyearfromthefirst failedtestdate. Thevehicle usedtotaketheroadskillstestmust: Haveahandemergencybrakelocatedbetweentheseats.Inlieuofahand emergencybrakelocatedbetweentheseats,thevehiclemayhaveasecond steeringwheeland/orbrakelocatedonthepassengersideoranyother emergencysafetydevicethatisineasyreachoftheDriverLicenseExaminer; Haveacurrentregistrationfromanystate; Haveamotorvehicleliabilityinsurancecardorthepolicy(copiesunacceptable); Thecard/policymustidentifythevehicleandincludetheexpirationdate; Displayavalidinspectionsticker(ifrequiredinthestatewherethevehicleis registered); Displayafrontandrearlicensetag(ifrequiredinthestatewherethevehicle isregistered); Haveproperlyfunctioningbrakelights,signals,horn,anddriverssidewindow; Haveawindshieldprovidinganunobstructedfieldofvision;and Havetworearviewmirrors(onemustbeontheoutsideoftheleftsideof yourvehicle).
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Rentalvehiclesareallowedforroadtestsonlyifthepersontakingthetestis listedontherentalcontractasanapproveddriveroftherentalvehiclewith properinsurancecoverage. Yourroadtestmaybecancelledforoneormoreofthereasonslisted: Theexaminerbelievesheorshewouldhavetroublereachingthebrakeor otherwisestoppingthevehicleinanemergency; ThereisinclementweatherorothercircumstancesbeyondDMV'scontrol thatmaketheroadtestdangerous;or Youandyourvehiclehavenotmetalloftheroadtestrequirements.

Types of Driver Licenses & Permits

Learner Permit Ifyouareundertheageof21,youmustoperateundertheGradualRearingof AdultDrivers(GRAD)Program.TheGRADprogrampermitsnovicedrivers(1621yearsofage)tosafelygaindrivingexperiencebeforeobtainingfulldriving privileges.Alearnerpermitallowsyoutooperateamotorvehiclewhen supervisedbyanotherdriverwhois21yearsorolder,hasavalidfulldriver license,andisseatednexttoyouinthepassengerfrontseat.Toobtainalearner permityoumustbeatleast16yearsold,passtheknowledgetestandvisiontest. Ifyouareundertheageof18,youmustalsohaveaparentalconsentform signedbyyourparent/guardian.Thelearnerpermitisvalidforoneyear.Ifyou areintheGRADProgramandyourlearnerpermitexpiresbeforeyouareableto movetotheprovisionallicensestage,youmustrenewyourlearnerpermitwithin 90daysafterexpirationtoavoidtakingtheknowledgetestagain. Provisional Driver License Toobtainaprovisionallicenseyoumustbeatleast16years,6monthsold.You musthaveheldavalidlearnerpermitforatleast6monthsandhavenopointable violations.Youmustprovideasigned40hoursCertificationofEligibilityfor ProvisionalLicenseformcertifyingthatyouhaveatleast40hoursofdriving experienceaccompaniedbyalicenseddriverwhois21yearsorolderandwho hasavalidfulldriverlicense.Youmusttakeandpasstheroadskillstest.The provisionallicenseisvalidforoneyearandisrenewable.Priortoage18,youare notallowedtooperateavehicleforcompensation. Full Driver License Onceyouhaveheldyourprovisionaldriverlicenseforatleast6monthsyoumust: Havenopointablemovingviolationsfor12consecutivemonths; Practicednightdrivingforatleast10hours,provideasignedCertificationof EligibilityforFullDriverLicenseformcertifyingthatyouhaveatleast10 hoursofnightdrivingexperienceaccompaniedbyalicenseddriver(s)who is21yearsorolderandwhohasavalidfulldriverlicense,youmaythenbe issuedafulldriverlicense(ClassD). IfyouarenotrequiredtoparticipateintheGRADprogram,onceyouhave completedalloftherequirementsforthelearnerpermityoumusttakeandpass theRoadSkillstestandmaythenbeissuedafulldriverlicense(ClassD).Witha ClassDdriverlicenseyoumayoperatevehicleswithagrossvehicleweight rating(GVWR)lessthan26,001poundsfornon-commercialuse,mopedsand15 passengervansseatinguptofifteen(15)passengers.Tomaintainthedriver licenseyoumustremainasafeandresponsibledriver.

Gradual Rearing Of Adult Drivers (GRAD)Program GRADPermissibleDrivingHours Learner Permit Mustbeaccompaniedbyadriver21yearsorolder Everyday,6:00am9:00pm Provisional License SeptemberJune MondayThursday,6:01am10:59pm Friday-Sun,6:01am11:59pm July&August Everyday,6:01am11:59pm Full license with conditions between the ages of 17 18 years old SeptemberJune MondayThursday,6:01am10:59pm Friday-Sun,6:01am11:59pm July&August Everyday,6:01am11:59pm YoucanoperateamotorvehicleduringGRADrestrictedhoursifyouaredriving toorfromwork,aschool-sponsoredactivity,religiousoranathleticevent,or relatedtrainingsessioninwhichyouareaparticipant,sponsoredbytheDistrict ofColumbia,acivicorganization,oranothersimilarentitythattakes responsibilityfortheminor,orifaccompaniedbytheholderofavaliddriver licensewhois21yearsofageorolder,wearingaseatbelt,andoccupyingthe passengerseatbesideyou. Attheage21,GRADdriversarereleasedfromtheprogram.Duringthelearner permitstage,onceyouareage21,youmayimmediatelyschedulearoadtest appointment.Nodrivingcertificationformorsix(6)monthsholdingperiodis required. Duringprovisionallicensestage,onceyouareage21,youmayvisitaDMV servicecenterlocationtoobtainafulldriverlicense.Nodrivingcertificationform orsix(6)monthsholdingperiodisrequired.

GRAD Program Restrictions Learner Permit: YouCANNOTdrivealone.Youmustbeaccompaniedbyandunderthe instructionofadriverwhois21yearsorolder,hasavalidfulldriverlicense,and isseatednexttoyouinthepassengerfrontseat.Drivinghoursarerestrictedfor learnerpermitholders.Youandyourpassengersmustwearseatbeltsatall times.Youmaynotoperateamotorvehicleforcompensation.Youmaynot operateacommercialvehicle.Youmaynotuseamobilephoneorother electronicdevice(withorwithouthandsfreeaccessories)whiledrivinginthe DistrictofColumbia. Provisional License for drivers 16 1/2 - 20 years old: Youcandrivealone.Youcandrivewithone(1)passengerthatistheholderofa validfulldriverlicensewhois21yearsofageorolder,occupyingthefront passengerseatnexttoyouandiswearingaseatbelt,andanyotherpassenger whoisyoursibling,childorparent.Youandyourpassengersmustwear seatbeltsatalltimes.Drivinghoursarerestrictedforprovisionallicensedrivers. Youmaynotoperateamotorvehicleforcompensationifundertheageof18. Full License with Conditions (Under age 18) Youcandrivealone.Ifyouareunder18yearsold,youcandrivewithnomore thantwo(2)passengersunderage21.Thisrestrictiondoesnotapplyto passengerswhoareyoursiblingsorchild.Ifyouareunder18yearsold,youcan notoperateamotorvehicleotherthanapassengervehicleormotorizedbicycle usedsolelyforthepurposesofpleasureandnotforcompensation.Youandyour passengersmustwearseatbeltsatalltimes.Ifyouareunder18,your parent/legalguardianisnotifiedofyourGRADviolations.Drivinghoursare restrictedforfulllicensedriversbetweentheagesof1718yearsold. GRAD Program Enforcements Learner Permit Stage: Ifyouareunder18,yourparent/legalguardianisnotifiedofyourGRAD violations.Anypointabletrafficviolationforwhichyouadmitto,havebeenfound liablefor,orconvictedofwillextendtheamountoftimeyoumustwaittoapply foraprovisionallicense.Youmustbefreeofanypointabletrafficviolationfor whichpointswereorcouldhavebeenassessedforsix(6)consecutivemonths beforegraduatingtotheprovisionallicensestage.Duringyourlearnerpermit stage,if8pointsormorehavebeenassessedagainstyouoryouhaveviolated anyGRADprogramrestrictions,youwillbesubjecttoaninety(90)days suspensionofyourlearnerpermitandpaymentofareinstatementfee.

Provisional License Stage: Ifyouareunder18,yourparent/legalguardianisnotifiedofyourGRAD violations.Anypointabletrafficviolationthatyouadmitto,havebeenfound liablefor,orconvictedofwillextendtheamountoftimeyoumustwaittoapply forafulllicense.Youmustbeviolationfreefortwelve(12)consecutivemonths beforegraduatingtotheFullLicensewithconditionsstage.Duringyour provisionallicensestage,ifyouviolateanyGRADprogramrestrictions,youwill besubjecttoathirty(30),sixty(60)orninety(90)dayssuspensionofyour provisionallicensedependinguponwhetheritisyourfirst,second,thirdor moreviolationofGRADprogramrestrictions.Thesepenaltiesareinadditionto anyotherpenaltythatmaybeapplicable.Additionally,likeanyotherdriver, youwillbeautomaticallysuspendedifyourpointtotalreaches10.After suspension,youwillberequiredtopayareinstatementfeetoreinstateyour provisionallicense.

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Other Services
Organ Donor Peoplewhochoosetobecomeorganandtissuedonorsseedonationasawayto makeadifferenceintheworld.Advancesinmedicalsciencemakeitpossible throughthetransplantationofhumanorganstorestorecertainhandicapped individualstohealth.Onedonorcansavethelivesofuptoeightpeopleand enhancethelivesofuptofiftyothers. Didyouknow? Peopleofallagesandmedicalhistoriescanbedonors,eventhosewith diabetes,hepatitis,orotherhealthconditions. Therearenochargestothedonorsfamilyorestateforcostsrelatedtothe organdonationprocess. MostmajorreligionsintheUSsupportorganandtissuedonation. Donationdoesnotpreventtheoptionofanopen-casketfuneral. Organandtissuerecoveryhappensonlyafteralllife-savingeffortshave beenexhaustedanddeathhasbeenlegallydeclared.

Howtosignup? IntheDistrictofColumbia,ifyouare18yearsorolder,youcanindicateyour intenttodonateonyourdriverlicenseapplicationbycheckingtheYesboxto theorgan/tissuedonorquestion. Itisalwaysimportanttotellyourfamilyandsignificantothersthatyouwishto beadonorsotheycanserveasyouradvocateandspeakonyourbehalfatthe timeofyourdeath.Inaddition,youshouldshareyourwishtobeadonorwith yourphysician,faithleader,andattorney. Formoreinformationcontact: USDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesatwww.organdonor.gov TheCoalitiononDonationatwww.donatelife.org or1-866-BE-A-DONOR. Selective Service System YoucanregisterforSelectiveServicewiththeDMVwhileobtainingyourDC driverlicense.Ifyouwishtoregister,youcanindicateyourintenttoregisteron yourdriverlicenseapplicationbycheckingtheYesboxtoindicateyouwould liketoregisterforSelectiveService.Uponreviewofyourdriverlicense application,aseparateapplicationwillbeprovidedforyoutocompleteforthe selectiveserviceregistration.AllSelectiveServiceRegistrationapplicationsare forwardedtotheSelectiveServiceSystemforprocessing.
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What is the Selective Service System? TheSelectiveServiceSystemisanindependentagencywithintheExecutive BranchoftheFederalGovernment.TheDirectorofSelectiveServiceisappointed bythePresidentandconfirmedbytheSenate.SelectiveServiceisnotapartof theDepartmentofDefense. TheFederallawunderwhichtheagencyoperatesistheMilitarySelectiveService Act.Underthislaw,themissionoftheSelectiveServiceSystemistoprovidethe numbersofmenneededbytheArmedForces,withinthetimerequired,should CongressandthePresidentdecidetoreturntoadraft,intheeventofanational emergency.SelectiveServicewouldalsoberesponsibleforadministeringa programofalternativeserviceforconscientiousobjectors. What is Selective Service Registration? RegistrationistheprocessofprovidingtheSelectiveServiceSystemwith personalinformation,suchasname,address,dateofbirth,socialsecurity numberandotherrelatedinformation.Itisacivicandlegalresponsibility.Even though,nooneiscurrentlybeingdrafted,menarerequiredtoregisterwith SelectiveServiceassoonastheyreachage18. RegisteringwithSelectiveServicedoesnotmeanthatyouarejoiningthe military. Registrationprovidesourcountrywithameanstodevelopandmaintainan accuratelistofnamesandaddressesofmenwhomightbecalleduponifareturn tothedraftisauthorized. FailuretoregisterorotherwisecomplywiththeMilitarySelectiveServiceActis uponconviction,punishablebyafineofupto$250,000,imprisonmentforupto fiveyears,orboth.Inaddition,federalandcertainstatelawsrequireregistration asaprerequisiteforobtainingstudentfinancialaid,jobtraining,government employment,andU.S.naturalization. Who Must Register? Withfewexceptions,allmaleUnitedStatescitizensandmalealiensresidingin theUnitedStatesanditsterritoriesmustregisterwithin30daysoftheir18th birthday. Parolees,refugees,andapplicantsforasylumareconsideredtoberesidentsof theUnitedStatesandthereforemustregisterwithin30daysoftheir18th birthday. Disabledmenwhoareabletofunctioninpublic,withorwithoutassistance,must register.Afriendorrelativemayhelpadisabledmancompletetheregistration formifheisunabletodosohimself.

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MembersoftheNationalGuardandReserveForces,notonfull-timeactiveduty, mustregister. Mencannotregisterafterreachingage26. Formoreinformationcontact: Registration Information Office SelectiveServiceSystem DataManagementCenter P.O.Box94638 Palatine,IL60094-4638 Phone:847-688-6888 TTY:847-688-2567 http://www.sss.gov/

Register to Vote
IfyouareaUScitizenand18yearsorolderbeforethenextelection,youcan indicateyourintenttoregistertovoteorupdateregistrationinformationonyour driverlicenseapplicationbycheckingtheYesboxtotheregistrationquestion andcompletetheDCVoterRegistrationform. ToregistertovoteintheDistrictofColumbiayoumust: beaU.S.citizen; beaD.C.resident; beatleast18yearsoldonorbeforethenextelection; notbeinjailforafelonyconviction; nothavebeenadjudgedmentallyincompetentbyacourtoflaw;and notclaimtherighttovoteanywhereoutsideD.C.

Youshouldreceiveyourvoterregistrationcardwithinthree(3)weeksof completingtheapplication. Formoreinformationcontact: BoardofElectionsandEthicsat www.dcboee.org or(202)727-2525.

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IMPORTANT THINGS TO KNOW

Thedriverandallpassengersinavehiclemustwearaseatbelt. Youmustbehands-freewhiledrivingwithacellularphoneintheDistrict ofColumbia. ResidentsarerequiredtoupdatechangeofaddresswiththeDepartmentof MotorVehicleswithinfive(5)days. Insurancemustbemaintainedaslongasthevehicleisregistered.Lapsein coverageissubjecttofines.Donotcancelinsuranceuntilyourvehicletags aresurrenderedtoDMV. IfstoppedbyMPDwhiledrivingamotorvehicleintheDistrictofColumbia, youwillresponsibleforprovidingyourvaliddriverlicense,vehicle registrationandproofofinsurance.Failuretocomplymayresultinafine and/orarrest. $5ofyourdriverlicensefeewillgototheDCDriverEducationFund. Driversreceivepointsforcertainmovingtrafficviolations,whetherthe violationsoccurintheDistrictofColumbiaorinotherstates.DMVassesses pointsifyouarefoundliableatahearing,failuretopayaticketwithinthe timerequired,areconvictedincourtofatrafficviolation,oryoupaythe ticket(paymentisanadmissionofliability).Thenumberofpointsyouwill receivedependsonthetypeofviolation. Pointswillstayactiveonyourdrivingrecordfortwoyears. IfyoumaintainavalidDCdriverlicenseforafullcalendaryearwithout obtainingpointablemovingviolations,youmaybeeligibletoreceivea GoodPointonyourdrivingrecord. Ifyouaccumulate10or11points,yourDClicensewillbesuspendedand youwillloseyourdrivingprivilegesforaperiodof90days.Yourdriving privilegesaresuspendeduntiltheyhavebeenofficiallyreinstated. Ifyouaccumulate12ormorepoints,yourDClicensewillberevokedand youwillnotbeeligibleforreinstatementforsixmonths.Yourdriving privilegesarerevokeduntiltheyhavebeenofficiallyreinstated. IfyouareconvictedofcertaincriminaltrafficviolationsinDC,including drivingwhileintoxicatedordrivingundertheinfluence,yourminimum revocationperiodis6monthsforthefirstoffense,2yearforthesecond offense,and3yearsforthethirdorsubsequentoffense.Yourdriving privilegesarerevokeduntiltheyhavebeenofficiallyreinstatedandthe reinstatementfeeispaid. Yourdriverlicenseandvehicleregistrationcanbesuspendedforfailureto paychildsupport Yourdriverlicensecanberevokedifyouareconvictedofanon-driving relateddrugoffense Havingsomethingattacehdtoorhangingfromtherearviewmirrorwhile drivingisagainsttheregulationsintheDistrictofColumbia

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Driver Information
Be In Shape to Drive Drivingisoneofthemostcomplexthingsthatpeopledoanditisnot always easytobeasafeuseroftheroadway.Drivingisalsooneofthefewthings peopledoregularlythatcaninjureorkillus. Beingasafedrivertakesalotofskill,experience,responsibility,andjudgment. Thistaskisevenmoredifficultwhenjustlearningtodrive.Themotoristsability todrivesafelydependsontheabilitytoseeclearly,notbeingoverlytired,not drivingwhileondrugs,beinggenerallyhealthy,andbeingemotionallyfitto drive. DC DMVThe Drive to Excellence TheDCDMViscommittedtoprovidingexcellentcustomerservice,promotinga safedrivingenvironmentandprotectingcustomerinterests. Driving Privilege DrivingamotorvehicleintheDistrictofColumbiaisaprivilegeandnotaright. Yourdriverlicensegrantsyoutheprivilegetooperateamotorvehicleonthe roadwayssafelyandresponsibly. Obtaining a False or Forged Identification Card, Driver License or Permit Thelawstatesthatifyouattempttosecureafalseorfraudulentidentification card,driverlicenseorpermit,orknowinglypossessafalseorfraudulent identificationcard,driverlicenseorpermit,youmaybesubjecttoafineor imprisonment. Road Signs Youmustbeabletoreadandexplainallhighwaysigns.Theknowledgetest consistsofseverallocalandhighwaysignsandtheDMVexaminerwillcheckto seeifattentiontothesignsispaidduringthedrivingtest. Traffic Laws Trafficlawsareintendedtopreventaccidentsandkeeptrafficmoving.Ifyou violatethelaw,youcancauseaccidents,slowtrafficorbeticketedand/orfined. Four Major Components of Driving 1. Looking and Seeing 2. Thinking and Deciding 3. Letting Others Know What You Are Going To Do 4. Making a Decision

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Looking and Seeing Youlookwithyoureyesbutyouseewithyourmind.Keepinganalertmind towhatisgoingonaroundyouwillprepareyoufortheimportantdecisions youmustmakewhenyoudrive. Thinking and Deciding Afteryouseewhatisimportant,youmustthinkaboutthemanddecidewhat todo.Ifyouareinterestedinyourownsafetyandthesafetyofothers,you willdecidewhattodoonthebasisoftheleastrisk.Noticethatwesaidthe leastrisk.Alldrivinginvolvessomerisk.Thesmartdriverquicklysizesup thesituation,realizesthatthereareseveraldifferentthingshe/shemightdo anddecidestodothethingthatinvolvestheleastrisk. Letting Others Know What You Are Going To Do Otherdriversandpedestriansontheroadmustknowwhatyouaregoingto doiftheyaretokeepoutofyourway.Youletthemknowthroughhand signals,turnsignals,headlights,brakelightsandbythepositionofyour vehicle. Making a Decision Whenyouhavedecidedwhatyouaregoingtodo,youmustdoitusingall yourdrivingexperienceandskills. Obeying Traffic Laws YoumustobeyallofDistrictofColumbiastrafficlaws.Youhavearesponsibility toobeyroadsigns,trafficsignals,lanemarkings,ordersofpoliceofficers,andin emergencysituationsthedirectionoffirefighters. General Laws Youmustknowthegenerallaws Youcommitamisdemeanororfelonywhenyoudisregardanytrafficlawor failtodosomethingrequiredbythelaw Youmustobeytheinstructionsofapoliceofficereventhoughtheymaybe contrarytolaws,signs,signals,andmarkings.Suchinstructionsmaybe necessarytokeeptrafficmovingsafely. Youmustnottrytoevadeatrafficsignalorroadsignbyleavingtheroad andtravelingacrossprivateproperty. Aggressive Driving Aggressivedrivingisaformofrecklessdriving.TheNationalHighwayTraffic SafetyAdministrationhasestimatedthataggressivedriverscause2/3ofallfatal crashesandareresponsiblefornearly35%ofallcrashes.

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Apersonmaybeguiltyofaggressivedrivingiftheydooneofthefollowing: PasstrafficlightswithsteadyREDindication; Overtakeandpassvehicles; Passonright; Changelanesswiftly; Followtooclosely; Failtoyieldright-of-way;or Exceedmaximumspeedlimit Whatcausesaggressivedriving? Crowdedroads Beinginahurry Roadwork Stressfromotherareasoflife Dangerousdrivingattitudes Selfishness Howtoavoidbecominganaggressivedriver: Planahead Obeythespeedlimit Identifyalternativeroutes Justbelate Beacourteousandpatientdriver Howtoprotectyourselffromaggressivedrivers: Getoutofthewayandletanaggressivedriverpass Dontchallengethem Avoideyecontact Alwaysbeacourteousdriver Helppreventaggressivedriving: ReportincidentsofaggressivedrivingtothePolice Setanexampleforyoungerpassengers Reckless Driving Apersonisguiltyofrecklessdrivingifhedrivesamotorvehicle: Withawillfuldisregardforthesafetyofpeopleorproperty;or Inamannerthatindicatesawillfuldisregardforthesafetyofpeopleor property Negligent Driving Apersonisguiltyofnegligentdrivingifheorshedrivesamotorvehicleina carelessorimprudentmannerthatendangersanypropertyorthelifeofany individual.

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Drag Races Youmustnotengageinanyvehiclerace,speedexhibition,orspeedcontest includingthosecommonlyknownasdragracesonanypublicstreet,road,or highway. Accidents Inaccordancewiththelaw,therearecertaindutiestobeperformedwhenyouare involvedinanaccident.Themaindutiesofanydriverinvolvedinanaccidentareto: Stop Remain: Asclosetothesceneaspossibleuntilyouhaveaidedanyinjured personandidentifiedyourself.Ifpossible,moveyourcarawayfromtheline oftraffic. Aid any injured person: Youmustrenderassistancetoanypersoninjuredin theaccident.Dependingupontheextentoftheinjury,assistanceinmost instancesisaccomplishedbycallingforanambulance.Normally,you shouldnotattempttomoveapersonwhoisunconsciousorseriouslyhurt. Identify yourself: Driversinvolvedinaccidentsmustgivetheirname, addressandtheregistrationnumberofthevehicletheyaredriving.Upon request,showyourdriverslicensetootherperson(s)involvedinthe accident.Ifnooneisinconditiontoreceivetheinformationandnopolice officerispresent,youmust,assoonaspossible,reportthisinformationto thenearestpolicedepartment. Provide insurance information: Youmustgivethenameandaddressofyour insurancecompany,thenameandaddressofthelocalagentorlocaloffice, andyourpolicynumberorotheridentifyingnumber. Leave written notice: Ifanunattendedvehicleorotherpropertyisdamaged, anattemptmustbemadetolocatetheowner.Iftheownercannotbelocated, awrittennoticegivingtheidentifyinginformationlistedabovemustbeleftin oronthedamagedvehicleorpropertyinaconspicuousandsecureplace. Make required report: Anymotorvehicleaccidentinwhichyouareinvolved shouldbereportedtoyourinsurancecompany. Duty of a Motorist Striking a Domestic Animal with a Motor Vehicle Ifyoushouldstrikeandinjureadomesticanimalwithamotorvehicle,you shouldimmediatelynotifythepolicedepartmenthavingjurisdictioninthearea wheretheaccidentoccurred.Thepolicewillcontacttheproperagencytoobtain medicalcarefortheanimal. Safe Driving Practices Keepyourmindonyourdriving,obeythelawsandbecourteoustoother highwayusers.Althoughyoumayobeythetrafficlaws,youstillcanbeinvolved inatrafficaccident.Otherdriversmaynotobeytrafficlaws,ortheymaynotbe alert,ortheirvehiclesmaybeinpoormechanicalcondition.Tobeasafedriver, youmustbealert,foreseedangerandmakeallowancesforthemistakesof others.Thissectionsuggestssafetypracticesthatwillhelpyoutoavoidaccidents or,whenunavoidable,toreducetheirseverity.
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Toinsureyoursafety,basicsafetyrulesareveryimportant: Lookovertheconditionoftheoutsideofthevehicleinspecttires,lookfor looseobjects,leaks,etc.; Adjusttheseat; Adjustmirrors; Properlyfastenseatbelts; Insertkeyandstartengine; Beforestartingoff,thinkhowadverseconditions,suchaslight,weather, roadandtrafficconditionswillaffectyourtrip;and Checkvehiclebrakelightsandsignalsbeforeyoudrive Turning Safeturningrequiresplanning: Makeupyourmindwellinadvanceofreachingtheturningpoint.Last minutedecisionsoftencauseaccidents. Moveintotheproperlanewellbeforeyouneedtomaketheturn.Thefaster thetrafficflows,thesooneryoushouldgetintotheproperlane. Lookbehindyouandtobothsides.Signalyourintentionasrequiredbylaw beforechanginglanes.(seegeneraldrivingrulesp.43) Slowdowntoareasonableturningspeedbutdosogradually.Theonly exceptioniswhenyouareleavinganinterstateorotherlimitedaccess highway(seeinterstateandotherlimited-accesshighways). Maketheturnaccordingtothelaw. Backing Backingamotorvehiclerequiresskillandgoodjudgment.Watchforchildren walking,runningorplayingontoycarsortricycles.Inmostconditions,itissafe tobackupprovidedyouturnyourheadandlookbackouttherearwindowand tobothsideviewmirrors.Dontdependontheonerearviewmirroralone.Never backupfastorfar;instead,findawaytoturnaround.Neverbackoutorintoan intersection;instead,turnintoasidestreetandturnaroundthereordrivearound theblock.Ifyouuseadrivewaytoturnaround,itissafertobackintoitanddrive outthanviceversa.Backoutofangledparkingspacescarefully. Use of the Horn Soundyourhornonlytowarnapedestrianorthedriverofanothervehicleof yourpresence.Thehornisnotintendedtotaketheplaceofbrakes.Neveruse thehorninapostedQuietZoneunlessinanemergency.Donotuseyourhorn toalertacyclistofyourapproachinanon-emergencysituation.Aloudhorncan causeacyclisttolosecontrol. Starting from a Garage or Driveway Watchfornearbyvehiclesorpedestrians. Movecarefullytojointrafficattheproperspeed. Whenyoumustbackout,besuretolookbehindyourcarfirst.Youmay needtoleaveyourcartobesurethereisnothinginyourway.
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Watchcarefullybehindthevehiclethroughthemirrorsandbyturningyour headtolookoutthewindowwhileyouarebackingup. Stopbeforeenteringthestreetandlookagainbeforeproceeding.

Hand Signals under Special Conditions Usehandsignalsinadditiontoyourturnsignalswhenthesunisshiningbrightly andwhenvehiclesimmediatelybehindyouobscureyourturnsignal. Crowding Inside the Vehicle Neverletpassengersorparcelscrowdyouwhileyouaredriving.Neverlet anythinginthevehicleobstructyourvisioninalldirections.Havingsomething attachedtoorhangingfromtherearviewmirrorwhiledrivingisagainstthe regulationsintheDistrictofColumbia. Pets Keeppetsawayfromyouasyoudrive.Donotletthemsitonyourlaporget freshairfromthedriverssidewindow. Loose Objects Looseobjects,particularlythoseonthefrontdashboardandtherearwindow shelf,canbecomeprojectilesinanaccident.Putlooseobjectsinthetrunkoron thefloor,sinceevenobjectsonseatscanflyupandstrikeyouoranother passenger.Afallingbagofgroceriesmaytakeyoureyesofftheroadoryour handsoffthesteeringwheel.Keepobjectsoffthefloorthatwouldinterferewith thebrakeorgaspedals. Driving Pass Parked Cars Whendrivingpassparkedcars,watchoutforpedestrians(especiallychildren), andbicyclistssteppingoutorrunningfrombetweencars.Watchoutforopening cardoors. Driving Conditions WhentoReduceSpeed Youmustslowdownwhen: Comingtoanintersection,railroadgradecrossing,curve,orthecrestofahill; Nearplaygroundsandschools,orwherechildrenareplaying; Travelinguponanynarroworwindingroadway; Thereisdangertopedestrians;and Weatherorhighwayconditions,oryourowncondition,requireslower speedsforsafety.Neverdrivesoslowlyastointerferewithothervehicles movingatnormalspeeds.Driverswhoblockorhinderothertrafficby drivingtooslowlycancauseaccidents.

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Wet Pavements Wetpavementsarefarmoreslipperythandry pavement.Whentheroadiswet,itismuch moredifficulttoholdtheroadoncurvesand ittakesalongerdistancetostop.Be especiallycarefulatthebeginningofalight rain;themixtureofoilandwateronthe pavementisparticularlydangerous.Theoils andothervehiclefluidshavenotbeen washedawayyetastheywouldafterarainofseveralhours.Similarly,watch outforwetleavesonpavementintheautumn. Hydroplaning and Flooding Atspeedsupto35milesperhour,mosttireswithtreadwillwipetheroad surfacethewayawindshieldwipercleansthewindshield.Asspeedincreases, thewipingactionofthetiresbecomeslesseffectiveandtiresstarttorideona layerofwaterjustaswithawaterski.Thisiscalledhydroplaning.Whenthis happens,youcannotbrake,accelerateorproperlyturn.Assoonasyoufeelany lossofcontrol,takeyourfootoffthegaspedalandholdthesteeringwheelfirmly inthedirectionyouintendtogo.Allowyourvehiclespeedtodecreaseuntilyou regaincompletecontrolofthevehicle. Floodingcanoccurduringheavyrainfall.Flashfloodscancomerapidlyand unexpectedly.Theycanoccurwithinafewminutesorhoursofexcessiverainfall. Donotdrivethroughfloodedareas.Ifyouseeafloodedroadwayahead,turn aroundandfindanotherroutetogettoyourdestination.Becautious,epeciallyat night,whenthevisibilityislimited.Sixinchesofwaterwillreachthebottomof vehicles,causinglossofcontrolorpossiblestalling.Twofeetofmovingwater cancarryawaymostvehiclesincludingsportsutilityvehiclesandpick-uptrucks. Evenifthewaterappearsshallowenoughtocross,donotattempttocrossa floodedroad.Watercanhidedips,orworse,floodwaterscandammage roadwaysbywashingawaytheunderlyingroadsurface.Ifthereisnoother route,proceedtohighergroundandwaitforthewaterstosubside. Following Distance Leaveasmuchspacebetweenyourvehicleandthe oneaheadasyoupossiblycantoallowforasudden stop.Mostrear-endcollisionsarecausedby followingtooclosely.Watchthecaraheadofyou whenitpassesareferencepoint,suchasasignor overpass.Thencountonethousandone,one thousandtwo,onethousandthree,onethousand four.Ifyoupassthesamespotbeforeyouare finishedcountingtoonethousandfour,youare followingtooclosely.Whenyouarefollowing vehicleswhichstopoften(buses,postofficevans) youshouldallowmorefollowingdistancethanusual.Whendrivinginbad
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weather,youshouldincreasethedistancebetweenyourvehicleandtheone aheadofyoutofourorfiveseconds. Remember dont cut trucks off. It takes much more time and distance for a truck to stop. Three to Four Second Following Distance Rule Stopping Distance Thedistanceinwhichyoucanstopyourvehicleisimportantinhelpingyouto chooseasafedrivingspeed.Thechartthatfollowscanbeusedasaroughguide, butyouractualstoppingdistancewilldependuponmanyfactors,including: Thelengthoftimeittakesadrivertoseeandrecognizethatthereisa dangeroussituation. Thelengthoftimeittakesfromtheperceptionofdangertothestartof braking-3/4second. Typeandconditionofthepavement. Percentageofgradeofroadway. Kindandconditionoftiretreads. Vehicledesignandconditionofshockabsorbers. Typeandconditionofbrakes. Directionandspeedofthewind. StoppingdistancesarebasedontestsmadebytheU.S.Departmentof Transportation.Thedriverreactiontimeisbasedonareactiontimeof3/4 second. Distracted Driver Syndrome

The Problem Drivingisariskyactivity.Eachyear,morethan40,000peoplearekilledinmotor vehicleaccidentsandoverthreemillionpeopleareinjured.Researchindicates thatinmorethan50percentofallaccidents,driverinattentionwasacontributing factor.Howdoesdriverdistractionaffectdrivingperformance?Drivinginstructors estimatethatadrivermakes200decisionsforeverymileofdriving.Ifyouare mentallysolvingbusinessorfamilyproblemswhiledriving,youareaddingto thetotalworkloadinyourbrain.Ifyoutakeyoureyesofftheroadforthreeto fourseconds,yourvehicletravelsthelengthofafootballfieldifyouaregoing55 milesperhour.

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Otherfactors,suchasfatigue,weatherandtrafficconditions,canincreasethe negativeimpactofdistractionsondrivingability.Weveallseenthempeople drivingdowntheroadreadingthenewspaper,puttingonmake-upor concentratingonacellphoneconversation.Thosearethemostobvious examplesofdriverdistraction.Whatmaysurprisemanypeopleisthenumberof otherthingswedoinourcarsthattakeattentionawayfromthevitaltaskof driving. Eating,drinkingbeverages,orsmoking. Changingtheradio,CD,ortape. Shaving,puttingonmake-up,orengaginginotherpersonalgroomingtasks. Engaginginintense,complicated,emotional,orlengthyconversationson cellphonesorwithpassengers. Readingaroadmap,newspaperortakingnotes. Focusingattentiononchildrenorpets,especiallythosewhoarebeingrowdy. Retrievingunsecuredcargoorobjects. Drivinganunfamiliarvehiclewithoutfirstadjustingthemirrorsandseat, selectingentertainmentoptionsandlocatingthelights,turnsignalsand windshieldwipers. Usingcellularphones.

Fatigue Drivingforlongdistancesmaymakeyoudrowsyorunawareofwhatis happening.Beingdrowsyisthefirststageoffallingasleep.Beingunawareof whatishappeningisknownashighwayhypnosis.Itiscausedbymonotony thesoundofthewind,thetiresandthesteadyhumoftheengine.Takethese precautionstoavoidhighwayhypnosis: Atthefirstsignofdrowsiness,dosomethingpositive.Dontjustsitthere andtrytofightit. Atthefirstrestorservicearea,pulloffthehighwayandeithertakeanap, stretchabit,takeabreak,or,ifpossible,changedrivers. Dontdependonstay-awakedrugs.Theyareapttomakeyourdriving evenmorehazardous. Keeptheinteriorofthecarascoolaspossible. Toovercomehighwayhypnosis,makeanefforttostayalert. Keepshiftingyoureyesfromoneareaoftheroadwaytoanother,nearand farleftandright.Avoidstaringstraightahead.
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Shiftyourpositionintheseat. Talktoyourcompanionorlistentotheradio. Varyyourvehiclesspeedslightlyfromtimetotime.

Danger Signs for Drowsy Drivers Youreyescloseorgooutoffocusbythemselves Youhavetroublekeepingyourheadup Youcantstopyawning Youhavewandering,disconnectedthoughts Youdontrememberdrivingthelastfewmiles Youmissedyourexit Youkeepdrivingoutofyourlane Yourspeedbecomesvariable Ifyoubecometiredorsleepywhiledriving,itisbesttorest,or,ifpossible, changedrivers.Beingtireddullsyourmindandslowsdownyourreactions, makingdrivinghazardous.Keepinmindthatlivesareatstake. Concentration Concentrationisessentialforsafedriving.Drivingisafull-timejob.Youshould beconstantlyawareoftheroadandtheothervehiclesaroundyou.Keepalert andyoumaybeabletoforeseeanaccidentandavoidit.Whileyouaredriving, donotadjusttheradio,read,applymakeup,shaveoruseacellphonewithouta hands-freedevice.Constantlycheckthepositionofvehiclesbehindyou,aswell asthosebesideandaheadofyou. Emotions Affect Your Driving Ifyouareupsetorangry,takesometimetocalmdownbeforedriving,orlet someoneelsedrive.Youwouldbebetteroffnotdrivingatallwhenyouare emotionallyupset.Expressingyouremotionswhiledrivingisdangerous. Cellular Phones IntheDistrictofColumbia,youmustbehands-freewhiledrivingwithacellularphone. The Solution to Distractions Suggestionsforhelpingyoumanagedistractionssafely: Secureeveryoneandeverythingbeforeputtingthevehicleintomotion. Pre-setclimatecontrols,theradioandthecassetteorCDplayer.Knowthe locationofturnsignals,wipersandlightsinthevehicle. Ifyouwillbetemptedtolookatthenewspaper,thebusinessreportorthe dayplanner,puttheminthetrunkofthevehicleuntilyouarriveatyour destination. Dontattendtopersonalgroomingbehindthewheel. Dontwaituntilyouaredrivingtoplanyourroute.Planbeforeyougo.Leavea littleearlierandyouwillarriveatyourdestinationsafelyandwithlessstress. Postponecomplexoremotionalconversationsonthephoneorwith passengersuntilyouarriveatyourdestination. Ifapassengerisdistractingyou,pulloverwhereitissafeandlegaltodoso.
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 Dontstartdrivinguntilthesituationisundercontrol. Whenyouarehungryorthirsty,takeabreak. Road Rage and Aggressive Driving

Itisanticipatedthatthedemandonourroadsystemwillincrease40percentby 2020andthatroadcapacitywillonlyincreaseby9percent.Todaysdriversare becomingincreasinglyfrustratedonroadsthatroutinelyhandledoublethe numberofcarsof20yearsago.Rushhourtraffic,theincreasingnumberof constructionsites(workzones)andtrafficaccidentsaddtothedriversfrustration. Thebiggestculpritsinclude: Tailgating Unsafelanechanging Speeding Runningredlightsandstopsigns SimpleRulestoReduceRoadRageandAggressiveDriving Alwaysallowextratraveltime Donotremainbehindthewheelformorethanthreehoursatatime Maintainanadequatedistancefromthevehicleinfrontofyousoyouwillbe abletostopintimetoavoidacollision Alwayssignalyourintentionwhenturningorchanginglanes Alwayscometoafullstopatredlightsandstopsigns.Donotrunyellowlights. Letotherdriversmergeintotrafficinanorderlyfashion Donotblockthepassinglane Obeypostedspeedlimits Concentrateonyourdrivingnotonyourcellphone,stereo,passengers, orotherdistractions Useyourhornsparingly,onlytoremindotherdriversofyourpresence Neverengageininappropriatebehaviorsuchasmakingfacesorrudeor obscenegestures Avoideyecontact Extendcommoncourtesytootherdriversatalltimes.Alldriversmustdotheir partinmakingdrivingasafer,lessstressfulandmorepleasantexperience.

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Special Driving Situations

Night Driving Nightdrivingismoredifficultthandaydrivinganditismoredangerous.Permile driven,thefatalaccidentrateatnightthroughoutthenationistwo-and-one-half timesashighasduringtheday.Atnight,thedriverdoesnotseeasfar,assoon, orasmuchandeverythinghasadifferentappearance.Theglareofoncoming headlightsgreatlyincreasesthedifficultyofseeingwhatsahead,especiallyfor olderdrivers.Theglarecausesthepupilsoftheeyestocontractandittakestime forthemtoreadjusttolessintenselight.Toavoidtheglarefromoncoming headlights,glancebackandforthbetweenthesideoftheroadandstraight ahead.Duringthisrecovery,youmaybedrivingasthoughblind. Youcanmakeyournightdrivingsaferby: Keepingyourspeedlowenoughtobeabletostopwithinthedistanceyou canseeahead. Whenapproachingothervehicles,donotstareattheirheadlights.Usequick glancesto: Learnthelanepositionofoncomingvehicles. Learnyourownposition. Becertainoftherightedgeofroad. Lookaheadforobjectsinyourpath. Keepyourwindshieldclean.Withacleanwindshield,theheadlights ofoncomingcarswontbotheryouasmuch. Donotwearsunglassesatnight. Stayawakeandalert.Fresh,coolairwillhelp. Usetheroadedgelineforaguide.Ifthereisnoroadedgeline,use thecenterlineforaguide. Watchcarefullyforhighwaysigns.Theyaremoredifficulttoseeatnight. Beespeciallywatchfulforpedestriansandstoppedvehiclesatnight. Donotstopontheroadwayforanyreason. Carryaredwarninglightorflaresforusewhenstopsalongsidethe roadwayareunavoidable. Cutdownonsmokingwhenyouaredrivingavehiclewiththewindows closed.

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Winter Driving Winterdrivingrequiresspecialprecautions. Usechains,snowtiresorradialtires.Chainsdothemosttoimprovetraction andstoppingoniceandinsnow.Yet,neitherchainsnorradialorsnowtires makeitsafeforyoutodriveoniceorsnow-coveredroadwaysatnormal speeds.Youmustslowdown. Chains,snowtiresorradialtiresmustbeusedondesignatedsnow emergencyrouteswhenasnowemergencyisdeclared. Keepwindowsandlightsclear.Removealliceandsnowandkeepitoff. Keepanicescraperinthevehicle. Getthefeeloftheroadway.Startoutveryslowly.Thentestyourbrakes gentlytofindouthowwellyoucanstop.Startslowingdownlongbefore youcometoanintersectionorturn. Keepasafedistance.Thespaceneededbetweenyouandthecarinfrontof youismuchgreateroniceandpackedsnow.Snowtires,radialtiresand evenchainsslideoniceandpackedsnow. Donotslamonthebrakes. Donotsteersharply,orchangespeedquickly. Keepanemergencykitinyourvehicle.Itshouldincludethefollowing: Flares Firstaidkit Blanket Kittylitterorsandfortractiononsnow/ice Smallshovel Keepyourgastankfilled Keepwindshieldfluidfull There is no such thing as a completely safe speed on ice and snow. Inwinterweather,everycityblockandeverystretchofhighwaymaybedifferent dependinguponsun,shade,theamountofsaltingbeingdoneandother conditions.Watchaheadfordangerspots.Blacktoproads[asphalthighways]can easilyhideathinlayeroficeproducedbymeltingandre-freezing(sometimes knownasblackice)andcancauseanaccidentifyouarenotawareofthedanger. Remember: Ramps and bridges freeze first before highways and roads. Also, plowed roads may refreeze at night or have icy patches from the daylight thawing of snow. Four-wheel drive vehicles slide on ice and snow too. If you are driving a four-wheel drive vehicle, dont assume that you can drive in ice and snow the way you would on dry pavement.
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Anti-Lock Brake Systems Ifyourvehiclebeginstoskidandisequippedwithananti-lockbrakesystem,do notpumpthebrakes.Instead,maintainsteadypressureonthebrakestoregain controlofyourvehiclefromaskid.(PleaseseeBrakingwithanAnti-LockBrake System.) Skid Prevention Avoidabruptchangesinspeedordirection.Driveasthoughyouhavean eggbetweenyourfootandthegasorbrakepedal. Practicestoppingandskidrecoveryinasafeareaonprivatepropertyatslow speedbeforeattemptingtodriveonpackedsnoworice. Slowdownwellinadvanceofthestoppingpoint. Donotbrakestronglyandlockthewheels.Ifthewheelsdontturn,you donthavecontroloverthevehicle.Pumpthebrakepedalsonvehiclesthat arenotequippedwithanti-lockbrakesystems. Whenroadconditionsarebad,leaveearlierthanyounormallywouldto avoidhavingtorush. Curves Becausecurvescauseslippingandskidding,becarefulofthem,especiallywhen tractionispoor.Bemoreconcernedaboutcurvesinwetweather,evenmore cautiousonsnowandmostcautiousonice.Slowdowntoasafespeedbefore enteringthecurve.Onacurvepostedfor35milesperhouringoodweather,a safespeedmaybeonly20milesperhourinwetweatherandonly5milesper hourorlessoniceorsnow. Recovery from a Skid Dontpanicanddontbrake. Immediatelysteerinthedirectionoftheskid.Ifyourrearwheelsstartgoing totheright,turnyourfrontwheelstotheright.Takeyourfootoffthegas pedal(accelerator).

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Driving in Fog Fogcanbethoughtofasacloudatgroundlevel.Itformswhenthetemperature dropstothedewpoint(thetemperatureatwhichairissaturated),andinvisible watervaporintheaircondensestoformsuspendedwaterdroplets.Fogcan reducevisibilityto1/4mileorless,creatinghazardousdrivingconditions. Whenitisfoggy,itisbestnottodriveatall,butifyoumust,thesesafety precautionswillhelp: Reduceyournormaldrivingspeed. Reducespeedstillfurtherwhenyouseeheadlightsortaillightsahead. Theheadlightsmaybeonavehiclebeingdrivendownthecenterofthe roadway.Thevehiclewiththetaillightsmaybestoppedorbarelymovingon oralongthesideoftheroadway. Bepreparedforanemergencystop. Ifthefogissothickyoucannotgoatleast10mph,pullcompletelyoffthe highwayorstopatarestarea,servicestationorotherparkingspace. Uselowbeamsonheadlightsor,ifyouhavethem,specialfoglights. Highbeamsoftenreflectbackintoyoureyes,blindingyou. Withnightdriving,usetheroadedgelinesortherightsideoftheroadfora guide.Youmaynotseehighwaysignsuntiltoolate.Yellowpavement markingsshouldneverbeonyourrightside,butalwaysonyourleftside. Yellowisusedtodivideopposingroadwaytrafficandindicatethelefttravel edgeoftheroadway.Whitepavementmarkingsdenotetherighttraveledge oftheroadway. Leaveearlyenoughtoavoidtheneedtohurry. Drive Defensively Donttrusttheotherdrivertodowhatyouthinkheorsheshoulddoorwhatyou woulddointhatpersonsplace.Forexample,ifthepersonsturnsignalis flashing,dontassumethatthedriverwillmakeaturn.Planaheadanddecide whattodoifthedriverdoesnotturninthedirectionshownbytheturnsignal. Dontassumethateverydriverwillstopwhenthereisastopsignoraredtraffic light.Somedriversdeliberatelyrunstopsignsandtrafficlights.Youshould constantlybethinkingofanescaperouteasyoudrive.Afterafewweeksof practice,thiswillbecomesecondnature.Ifasuddenemergencyarises,you willhaveaplanofactionready.Forinstance,ifyouseeanapproachingvehicle starttopassandyouthinkthatdrivermaynothaveroomtogetbackintothe properlane,slowdownandchecktheshoulderandnearbyarea.Thatway,you willknowwhereyoucangoifnecessary.Lookasfaraheadasyoucan.Inthis way,youmayseetroubledevelopinginfrontofthevehicleaheadofyouthat maycauseitsdrivertoswerveorstopsuddenly.Forexample,ifyounotice flashingredoryellowlightsonavehicleahead,youshouldlookforobjectsor peopleontheroad.Ifacollisionseemsinevitable,dontpanic.Trytosteeryour wayoutofit.Doanythingtokeepfromhittinganothervehicleorobjecthead-on; trytohitatanangle.Ifyouhaveachoice,runningyourvehicleintoaditchmay bepreferabletohittinganothervehicle.

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How to Avoid Being Hit from the Rear Rear-endcollisionsarethemostcommonkindofmotorvehicleaccidents.Asthe driverofthevehiclebeingfollowed,hereswhattodotolessenthechancesof beinghitfromtherear: Besureyourstoplightsarecleanandinworkingorder. Tokeepawareofwhatisgoingonbehindyou,checkyourrearviewmirror periodically. Yourbackwindowmustbecleanandnotfogged.Outsidemirrorsarehelpful. Signalwellinadvanceforstops,turnsandlanechanges. Slowdowngradually,notsuddenly. Keeppacewithtraffic. Ifavehiclefollowstooclosely,slowdownandletitpass. Interstate and Other Limited Access Highways Ifyouknowhowtouseinterstatehighwaysproperly,theywillgetyouwhereyou wanttogosooner,moreeasilyandmoresafely.However,youmustknowthe safetypracticesofthehighways. Before You Start Areyourtiresinconditionforhighspeeds?Doyouhaveadequateoiland coolingwater?Doesyourvehiclehaveanymechanicaldefectthatmaybe dangerous?Doyoufeelinconditiontomakethistrip?Doyouhaveenoughfuel? Haveyouhadenoughsleep?Markyourmaptoindicateentrancesandexitsyou expecttouse.Planaheadtoallowtimetochangesafelyintotheproperlane. Thiswillhelpyouhaveasafe,fastandpleasanttrip. Entering the Interstate Interstateandotherlimitedaccesshighwaysareusuallyreachedbyanentrance rampandaccelerationordecelerationlane.Theentrancerampgetsyougoingin thedesireddirectionandtheaccelerationlanegivesyoutheopportunitytoget uptothespeedofthetraffic.Whenenteringaninterstate,thesolidpaintedlines thatdividetheentranceandtheinterstateshouldnotbecrossed.Ifthereisa shortentrancetoaninterstate,wherethereisnoaccelerationlane,youshould speedupontheentranceonlyafteryouhavefoundagapinthetraffic.In general,youshouldstopbeforeenteringaninterstatewhenwaitingforabreakin thetraffic.Ifenteringaninterstatefromtheleftentrance,comparewhatyousee inyourmirrorswithwhatyouseewhenlookingoveryourshoulder. Leaving Getintotherighthandlanewellbeforereachingtheexit.Dontslowdownonthe mainhighway.Startslowingdownassoonasyougetintothedecelerationlane andcontinueslowingatthebeginningoftheexitramp.Slowdowntotheposted advisoryspeedfortheramporyoumayhavetroublegettingaroundcurves.If youexitatthewrongplaceonaninterstate,continueuntilyouareofftheexit rampandlookforawaytore-entertheinterstate.

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Lane Changing and Passing on an Interstate Highway Becauseofthesustainedhighspeedsonaninterstateandotherlimitedaccess highways,carefullanechangingandpassingareessential. HereAreaFewTipstoHelpYou: ItislegalinDistrictofColumbiatopassontheleftorontheright,butslow movingvehiclesmuststayintherightlane.Thus,mostofyourpassing shouldbeontheleft.Also,youcannotpassontheshoulderoftheroad. Safepassingdependsoncooperationbetweendrivers.Dontspeedupwhen beingpassed. Quickmovementsathighspeedscanbefatal.Dontreturntotheotherlane toosoonafterpassing. Alwayssignalalanechange. Checkyourblindspotsbyglancingoveryourshoulder. Checktheoutsidemirrororlookoveryourshouldertowardtheleftrearor rightrearbeforechangingintoanotherlane. Nevercruiseintheblindspotofthevehicleaheadofyou. Roundabouts Aroundaboutisacircularintersectionatwhichalltraffictravels counterclockwise,alwaystotheright,aroundacentralisland.Vehiclesentering fromeachlegoftheintersectionmustyieldtothetrafficalreadyinthe roundabout,whichiscomingfromtheleft.Vehiclesexittheroundaboutby makingasimplerightturnontothedesiredstreetorhighway. Approaching the Roundabout Whenyouareapproachingtheroundabout,decideasearlyaspossiblewhich exityouneedtotaketogetintothecorrectlane.Reduceyourspeedandif possible,adjustittomeetagapinthetrafficintheroundabout. Entering the Roundabout Uponreachingtheroundabout,yieldtothetrafficcomingfromtheleft.Watch outfortrafficalreadyintheroundabout,especiallycyclistsandmotorcyclists.Do notenteraroundaboutwhenanemergencyvehicleisapproachingonanother leg.Thiswillenabletrafficalreadyintheroundabouttoclearinfrontofthe emergencyvehicle. Traveling Within a Roundabout Alwayskeeptotherightofthecentralislandwithintheroundaboutandtravelin acounterclockwisedirectionaroundthecenterisland.Donotstopexceptto avoidacollision;youhavetherightofway. Wheretheroundaboutiswideenoughtoallowtwoormorevehiclestotravel side-by-side,donotovertakeothervehicles.Watchoutfortrafficcrossinginfront ofyouontheroundabout,especiallythosevehiclesintendingtoleaveatthenext exit.Whenanemergencyvehicleisapproaching,provideaclearpathtoturn throughtheroundabout.
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Exiting the Roundabout Maintainaslowspeeduponexitingaroundabout.Alwaysindicateyourexitby usingyourrightturnsignal.Onroundaboutshavingawideroadway,watchfor vehiclestoyourright,includingbicycles,whosepathsyoumaycrosswhile exiting.Makesuretheyintendtoyieldbeforeyouexit.Watchforandyieldto pedestrians.Donotaccelerateuntilyouarebeyondthepedestriancrossingpoint attheexit. Motorcyclists and Bicycles Givemotorcyclistsandbicyclistsplentyofroomandshowdueconsideration. Bicyclistsmayentertheapproachroadwayfromabicyclelane;theywilloften keeptotherightontheroundabout;theymayalsoindicatelefttoshowtheyare continuingaroundtheroundabout. Large Vehicles Donotovertakelargevehicles.Largevehicles(forexample,trucksandbuses) mayhavetoswingwideontheapproachtoorwithintheroundabout.Watchfor theirturnsignalsandgivethemplentyofroom,especiallysincetheymay obscureothervehicles.Largevehiclesmayneedtousethefullwidthofthe roadway,includingmountableapronsprovidedtonegotiatearoundabout.Their driversshouldbecarefulofallotherusersoftheroundaboutsand,priorto enteringtheroundabout,satisfythemselvesthatotherusersareawareofthem andwillyieldtothem. Pedestrians Pedestrianshavetheright-of-waywithinthecrosswalksattheroundabout; however,pedestriansmaynotsuddenlyleaveacurborothersafewaitingplace andwalkintothepathofavehicleifitissoclosethatitmaynotbeabletostop.

Multiple lane roundabout: Forroundaboutswithmultiplelanes,chooseyourentryorexitlanebasedon yourdestination.Forexample,to: Turnrightattheintersection,choosetheright-handlaneandexitinthe right-handlane.(Bluecar) Gostraightthroughtheintersection,chooseeitherlane,andexitinthelane youentered.(Redcar) Turnleft,choosetheleftlane,andexit.(Yellowcar)
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Stopping Stoppingonthetraveledportionofahighwayisprohibited.Stoppingonthe shoulderispermittedonlywhenyourcarwontrunorinotheremergencies. Whenthisoccurs,raisethehoodortieawhiteclothontheleftdoorhandleor radioantenna.Staywithyourvehicle,neverwalkalonganinterstateorother limitedaccesshighway. Backing Dontbackuponanyhighway,underanycircumstances. Emergencies Brake Failure Trypumpingthebrakepedal[non-ABSsystems].Ifthisdoesntrestore brakingability: Usetheemergency(parking)brake. Shifttoalowergear,ifpossible. Ifnecessary,rubsidesofthetiresagainstthesideofthecurb.Brakingwith Anti-LockBrakeSystems(ABS)Anti-LockBrakingSystems(ABS)are designedtopreventyourwheelsfromlockingupwhenbraking.Whenever thevehiclescomputerdetectsthatoneormorewheelsarelocking,ABS beginstopumpthebrakesforthedriveratamuchfasterratethanthedriver evercouldtoavoidlocking.WhentheABSengages,youwillheararumble fromthebrakesandthebrakepedalwillvibrateunderyourfoot.Allthe driverhastodoispressdownhardonthebrakepedal,holdit,andsteerthe vehicleinthedirectionthatyouwantittogo.TheABScomputeris controllingwhichwheelisbrakinginordertopreventaskid. Resist the temptation to take your foot off the brake when ABS is engaged. Maintain constant pressure on the brake pedal. Drivers should be aware that removing steady pressure from the brake pedal or pumping the brakes will disengage or turn off the ABS. DriversshouldpracticeusingABSandbecomefamiliarwithhowyourvehicle reactstosuddenoremergencybraking.Thebestplacetopracticeisanempty parkinglot. Wet Brakes Afterdrivingthroughdeepwater,youshouldtestyourbrakes.Theymaypullto onesideornotholdatall.Todrythebrakes,putthecarinlowgear,driveslowly andapplybrakeslightly.Testthebrakesevery200feet,continuinguntilbraking actionreturnstonormal.

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Windshield Wipers Fail Ifyourwindshieldwipersfailduringinclementweather,openthewindow,put yourheadoutthewindow,driveyourvehicleofftheroadwayandSTOP. Accelerator Pedal Sticks Slaptheacceleratorpedalhardwithyourfoot. Shifttoneutral. Applythebrakes. Pullofftheroadwayandstop. Steering Fails Ifyousuddenlylosesteeringcontrol,easeupontheaccelerator.Ifyourvehicle continuesthroughitsnaturalbalancetostayinyourlaneontheroadway,wait untilitslowsdownandthenapplythebrakesgentlytoavoidchangingdirection. Ifyourvehiclestartsofftheroadortowardapedestrianoranothervehicle,apply thebrakesquickly,usingmaximumpressure. Loss of Control Steering and Locking Device Neverturnyourvehiclesignitiontothelockpositionwhilethevehicleisstillin motion.Thiswillcausethesteeringtolockandifyoutrytoturnthesteering wheelyouwilllosecontrolofthevehicle. Headlights Fail Ifthehighwayislighted,getofftheroadwayontotheshoulderorotheravailable spaceasrapidlyandsafelyaspossible.Ifthehighwayisdark,tryyourparking lights,yourdirectionalsignals,oryouremergencyflashersandgetoffthe roadway.Ifalllightsfail,stayontheroadwayandslowdownenoughtopulloff theroadwaysafely. Fire In Vehicle Knowinghowtofightfiresisimportant.Fireshavebeenmadeworsebydrivers whodidntknowwhattodo.Herearesomeprocedurestofollowincaseoffire: Pull off the road Thefirststepistogetthevehicleofftheroadandstop.Indoingso: Parkinanopenarea,awayfrombuildings,trees,brush,othervehiclesor anythingthatmightcatchfire. Dontpullintoaservicestation! Useyourcellularphone,ifyouhaveone,tonotifythepoliceofyour problemandyourlocation.

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Keep the fire from spreading Beforetryingtoputoutthefire,makesurethatitdoesntspreadanyfurther. Withanengine fire,turnofftheengineassoonasyoucan.Dontopenthe hoodifyoucanavoidit.Shootthefireextinguisherthroughlouvers, radiator,orfromtheundersideofthevehicle. Foracargo fireinavanorboxtrailer,keepthedoorsshut,especiallyifyour cargocontainshazardousmaterials.Openingthevandoorswillsupplythe firewithoxygenandacceleratethefire. Extinguish the fire Herearesomerulestofollowinputtingoutafire. Knowhowthefireextinguisherworks.Studytheinstructionsprintedonthe extinguisherbefore youneedit. Whenusingtheextinguisher,stayasfarawayfromthefireaspossible. Aimatthesourceorbaseofthefire,notupintheflames. Positionyourselfupwind.Letthewindcarrythecontentsoftheextinguisher tothefireratherthancarryingtheflamestoyou. Continueuntilwhateverwasburninghascooled.Absenceofsmokeorflame doesnotmeanthefireiscompletelyoutorcannotrestart. Onlytrytoextinguishafireifyouknowwhatyouaredoinganditissafetodoso. Vehicle Approaching in Your Lane Ifyouseeavehiclecomingtowardyouinyourlane,pulltotheright,slowdown, soundyourhornandflashyourheadlights.Donotturnintothelanethevehicle hasleftastheotherdrivermaywakeup,realizetheirmistakeandturnback intotheirproperlane. Stalling on Railroad Tracks Lookbothwaysfortrains.Ifthereisatraincoming,getoutofthevehicleandrun alongthesideofthetrackstowardthetrain,toavoidbeingstruckbythedebris fromtheaccident. Running Off the Roadway Ifyourunofforareforcedofftheroad,theserulesmaysaveyourlife: Dontpanic. Takeyourfootofftheaccelerator. Dontjamonthebrakes.Brakecarefullyornotatall. Gripthesteeringwheeltightly,asunusualstressonthewheelmaytwistit fromyourhand. Donttrytogetbackontheroadwayuntilyouhavethevehiclecompletely undercontrol,(speedisreducedto15mphorless)andyouhavelooked fortrafficbehindyouandbesideyou.Thenturnthewheelssharplytoward theroadway.Besurenottogoacrossthecenterlineoftheroadorinto anotherlane.

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Rumble Strips Rumblestripsareshortsectionsofcorrugatedroadwaywhichalertyouwiththe noiseyourtiresmakewhenyoudriveoverthem.Rumblestripswarnofpossible hazardssuchasdangerousintersectionsorwhenoneisdrivingtooclosetothe roadwayedge. Tires Lookfortireproblems.Itisdangeroustodrivewithdefectivetires. Lookfor: Excessivewear.Youneedatleast4/32-inchtreaddepthineverymajor grooveonfrontwheels.Youneed2/32inchonotherwheels.Nofabric shouldshowthroughthetreadorsidewall. Cutsorotherdamage. Treadseparation. Dualtiresthatcomeincontactwitheachotherorpartsofthevehicle. Mismatchedtiresizes. Radialandbias-plytiresusedtogetheronthesameaxle. Cutorcrackedvalvestems. Re-grooved,recapped,orre-treadedtiresonthefrontwheelsofabusare notallowed. Wheel and Rim Problems Defectivewheelsorrimscouldcauseanaccident. Bentorcrackedrimscancauseatiretolosepressureorcomeoff. Rustaroundwheelnutsmaymeanthenutsareloosechecktightness. Afteratirehasbeenchanged,stopashortwhilelaterandrechecktightness ofthenuts. Missingclamps,spacers,studsorlugsmeandanger. Mismatched,bentorcrackedlockringsaredangerous. Wheelsorrimsthathavehadweldingrepairsarenotsafe. Blowouts Blowoutsareverymuchlikerunningofftheroadwayontoasoftshoulder.Ifyour tireblowsout: Dontapplythebrakes. Gripthesteeringwheeltightly. Signalaturntotherightandpullthevehiclesafelyontotheshoulder. Decelerateandlookforasafeplacetodriveofftheroad. Waituntilthevehicleisalmoststopped. Flooded Engine Pressthegaspedaltothefloorandholditdown. Turnthekeyintheignitionandkeepitthereforshortintervals(10-15 seconds). Whentheenginestarts,releasethegaspedal. Donotpumpthegaspedal;itwillmakethefloodingworse.
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Disabled Vehicle Getallfourwheelsofftheroadway,ifpossible. Turnontheparkinglightsoremergencyflashinglightsand,ifavailable,set outflares,blinkingredlightsorareflectivetriangle. Tieahandkerchieforwhiteclothtotheradioantennaortotheleftdoor handleand/orraisethehood. Right-of-Way Lawsgoverntheright-of-way,butneverputtheselawsaheadofsafety.The right-of-waymeanstherightofonevehicleorpedestriantoproceedinalawful manneronahighwayinpreferencetoanothervehicleorpedestrian.Ifyouhave theright-of-wayandothersyieldittoyou,proceedimmediately. Youmust,ofcourse,obeystopsigns;yieldsignsandtrafficsignalsat intersections. Ifyouentertheintersectionafteranothervehicle,youmustyieldtherightof-way. Ifyouareabouttoturnleftatanintersectionorintoanalley,privateroador driveway,youmustyieldtheright-of-waytootherpedestriansandvehicles untilitissafetoturn. Ifyouareenteringapublicstreetorhighwayfromaprivateroador driveway,youmuststopandyieldtoallapproachingvehiclesand pedestrians. Ifatrafficlightturnsgreenforyou,youmuststillyieldtopedestriansand vehiclesintheintersection.Beonthelookoutforredlightrunners. Authorized emergency vehicles, such as police cars, ambulances and fire engines, have the right-of-way when they are giving a signal, either audible (siren) or visual (flashing light). When you hear or see a vehicle approach, you should immediately drive to the curb and stop, remaining stopped until the emergency vehicle has passed. Do not follow any fire apparatus closer than 500 feet when it is responding to an emergency. Pedestrians Right-of-Way Allpedestrianshavetheright-of-wayatstreetcrossingsintownsandcities, exceptwheretrafficofficersortrafficcontroldevicescontroltraffic.Pedestriansin acrosswalk,whethermarkedorunmarked,havetheright-of-wayexceptwhen theyenterthecrosswalkonaredlightoragainstthedirectionofatrafficofficer. Pedestrian Signals Atsomeparticularlybusyintersections,pedestriansignalsmaybeusedin combinationwithnormaltrafficsignals.Driversmustobeythenormaltraffic signals.PedestriansmustobeytheWALKandDONTWALKsignals.

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Crossing at Crosswalks Thedriverofavehicleshallcometoacompletestopwhenapedestriancrossing theroadwayinacrosswalkis: Onthehalfoftheroadwayonwhichthevehicleistraveling;or Approaching so closely from an adjacent lane on the other half of the roadway as to be in danger. Wheneveranyvehicleisstoppedatamarkedor unmarkedcrosswalkatanintersectiontopermitapedestriantocrossthe roadway,thedriverofanyothervehicleapproachingfromtherearshallnot overtakeandpassthestoppedvehicles.Apedestrianmaynotsuddenly leaveacurborotherplaceofsafetyandwalkorrunintothepathofa vehiclewhichissoclosethatitisimpossibletoyield. Crossing at Locations Other than Crosswalks Thoughitisnotrecommended,ifapedestriancrossesaroadwayoutsideofa crosswalk,thevehiclemustyieldtheright-of-waytoanypedestrian.Thoughthe pedestriandoesnothavetheright-of-wayintheseinstances,thedrivermust alwaysyieldtopedestriansintheseinstances. Crossing at Special Pedestrian Crossings Ifapedestriancrossesaroadwayatapointwhereapedestriantunnelor overheadisprovided,thepedestrianshallyieldtheright-of-waytovehicles approachingontheroadway.Althoughthepedestrianmaynothavetheright-ofway,thedriveralwayshastheresponsibilitytoyieldtopedestriansinthe intersection. Crossing between Adjacent Intersections Betweenadjacentintersections,atwhichatrafficcontrolsignalisinoperation,a pedestrianmaycrossaroadwayonlyinamarkedcrosswalkorafteryieldingthe right-of-waytoanyvehicleapproachingontheroadway. Individuals with Disabilities Driversshouldbeespeciallyalertforandyieldtheright-of-waytopedestrians whoaredeaf,orhavephysicaldisabilitiesthatrequiretheuseofcanes,crutches, walkers,guidedogs/serviceanimals,wheelchairs,ormotorizedscooters.These individualsmayhavedifficultydetectingoncomingtrafficandmayneedextra timetocrosstheroad.Driversshouldexerciseextremecareandbepreparedto stopwhenapproachingchildrenorobviouslyconfusedorincapacitated individuals. A five-sided sign is used to warn of school crossings. Diamond-shaped signs warn of pedestrian crossings. Sharing the Highway with Others Themainpurposeoftrafficlawsandrulesoftheroadistoenablemany, roadwayusers;motorvehicles,bicyclesandpedestrianstosharetheroadways equallyandfairlyatalltimes.Roadwaysafetyisbaseduponsharingtheroad withothers.
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Sharing the Road with Large Trucks Maneuverability Trucksaredesignedprimarilytocarrymanyproductstoandfromtownsand cities;theyarenotdesignedtobeasmaneuverableascars.Truckshavelonger stoppingandacceleratingdistances,awiderturningradius,andweighmore.On multi-lanehighways,tractor-trailersgenerallystayinthecenterlanetohelpthe flowoflocaltrafficonandoffthehighway.Stayinginthemiddlelanealso increasesthetruckdriversoptionsifheorshehastoswitchlanesinorderto avoidadangeroussituationoraaccident. Passing Whenpassingatruck,firstchecktoyourfrontandrear,andmoveintothe passinglaneonlyifitisclearandyouareinalegalpassingzone.Letthetruck driverknowyouarepassingbyblinkingyourheadlights,especiallyatnight.The driverwillmakeiteasierforyoubystayingtothefarsideofthelane.Onalevel highway,ittakesonlythreetofivesecondslongertopassatruckthanacar.On anupgrade,atruckoftenlosesspeed,soitiseasiertopassthanacar.Ona downgrade,thetrucksmomentumwillcauseittogofaster,soyoumayneedto increaseyourspeed.Completeyourpassasquicklyaspossible,anddontstay alongsidetheothervehicle.Ifthedriverblinksthelightsafteryoupass,itmaybe asignalthatitiscleartopullbackin.Besuretomovebackonlywhenyoucan seethefrontofthetruckinyourrearviewmirror.Afteryoupassatruck, maintainyourspeed.Manyauto/truckaccidentsarecausedbyautosmakinga quicklanechangeinfrontofatruck,thensuddenlyslowingorstoppingbecause oftrafficcongestion,notallowingthetruckdrivertimetoreadjustforasafe spaceallowance. Following a Truck Ifyourefollowingatruck,stayoutofitsblindspots,upto20feetinfrontof thecab,oneithersideofthetractortrailer,particularlyalongthesidesofthecab, andupto200feetintherear.Staytotherearofthetruckandclosetothetractor ontherightside.Positionyourvehiclesothetruckdrivercanseeitintheside mirrors,thenyouwillhaveagoodviewoftheroadaheadandthetruckdriver cangiveyouplentyofwarningforastoporaturn.Youwillhavemoretimeto reactandmakeasafestop.Whenyoufollowatruckatnight,alwaysdimyour headlights.Brightlightsfromavehiclebehindwillblindthetruckdriverwhen theyreflectoffonthetruckslargesidemirrors.Ifyouarestoppedbehindatruck onanupgrade,leavespaceinfrontofyouincasethetruckdriftsbackslightly whenitstartstomove.Also,keeptotheleftinyourlanesothedrivercansee thatyourestoppedbehindthetruck. If you cannot see a trucks mirrors, the truck driver cannot see you!

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Do Not Hang Out In the No-Zone/Side No-Zones Trucksandbuseshaveblindspotsonbothsides.Ifyoucannotseethedrivers faceontheside-viewmirror,heorshecannotseeyou.Ifthetruckchanges lanes,youcouldbeintrouble. Rear No-Zones: Avoidtailgating.Unlikecars,trucksandbuseshavehugeno zonesdirectlybehindthem.Thetruckorbusdrivercannotseeyourcarback there.Ifthetruckorbusbrakessuddenly,youhavenoplacetogo. Front No-Zones: Donotcutinfronttoosoonafterpassingatruckorbus.Truck andbusdriversneednearlytwicethetimeandroomtostopascars.Lookforthe entirefrontofthetruckinyourrearviewmirrorbeforeyoupullinfront,andthen donotslowdown. Backing up No-Zones: Nevercrossbehindatruckthatisbackingup.Hundredsof motoristsarekilledorinjuredeachyearbyignoringtrucksthatarebackingup. Truckdriversdonothavearearviewmirrorandmaynotseeyoucuttingin behindthem. Truck Stopping Distance Truckstakelongertostop.Acartravelingat60milesperhourcanstopinabout 366feet.Atrucktravelingatthesamespeedtakesmorethan400feettostop. Right and Left Turns Paycloseattentiontotruckturnsignals.Theycannotseecarssqueezedin betweenthemandthecurb.Truckdriversmustmakewiderightorleftturnsso thattherearofthetruckorrearofthetractorortrailercanclearthecornerorany otherstandingobstructions.Sometimes,spacefromotherlanesisusedtoclear corners.Toavoidaaccident,donotpassuntiltheturningactioniscomplete. Bad Weather Followingorpassingaheavytruck(orbeingpassedbyone)inrainorsnow createsvisibilityproblems.Splashorsprayfromatruckswheelsandtrailercan reducevisibilitytonearlyzero.Wheneverdrivinginwetweather,besureyour vehicleswindshieldwipersareworkingandthereisfluidinthewasherreservoir. Besureyourheadlightsareon. Some of the Most Common Mistakes to Avoid When Driving Around Trucks: Do not cut off a truck in traffic or on the highway to reach your exit or turn. Cuttingintotheopenspaceinfrontofatruckremovesthetruck driverscushionofsafety.Takeamomenttoslowdownandexitbehinda truckitwillonlytakeafewextraseconds. Dont linger alongside a truck when passing. Alwayspassatractor-trailer completelyandalwaysontheleftside.Ifyoulingerwhenpassingany vehicle,yourpositionmakesitimpossibleforthetruckertotakeevasive actionifanobstacleappearsintheroadahead.
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 Following too close or tailgating. Tailgatingatruckorcarisdangerous becauseyoutakeawayyourowncushionofsafetyifthevehicleinfrontof youstopsshort.Whenfollowingbehindatruck,ifyoucantseethetruck driversoutsidemirrors,thereisnowaythetruckdrivercanseeyou.Ifthe vehicleyouarefollowinghitssomethingintheroad,youwillhavenotime toreactbeforeithitsthefrontofyourcar. Never underestimate the size and speed of an approaching tractor-trailer. Becauseofitslargesize,atractor-traileroftenappearstobetravelingata slowerspeedthanitis.Asubstantialnumberofcar-truckcollisionstake placeatintersectionsbecausethedriverofthecardoesnotrealizehow closethetruckisorhowquicklyitisapproaching. Stopping for School Vehicles Whenaschoolvehicleisstoppingorhasstoppedontheroadway,andis operatingthealternatingflashingredlights,allvehiclesmuststopatleast20feet fromthefrontorrearoftheschoolvehicle.Noonecanproceeduntilthe alternatingflashingredlightshavebeenturnedoff.Driversshouldcontinueto exercisecautiononcetheflashinglightshavebeenturnedoff.Driversofother vehiclesarenotrequiredtostopwhentheyareonadividedhighwayandthe schoolvehicleisontheothersideofthedividedhighway. Sharing the Road with Motorcyclists Almosthalfofallfatalmotorcycleaccidentsinvolvecars.Incollisionswith motorcycles,driversoftensaythattheyneversawthemotorcycle.Driversofcars mustalwaysbealertformotorcycles,astheirsizemakesthemverydifficultto see.Alwaysremainalertandcheckyourblindspotfrequentlytomakesurethata motorcycleisnotpassingyou.Youneedtobeespeciallyalertformotorcycles whenturningatintersectionsandwhenpullingoutfromasideroadordriveway. Amotorcycleisentitledtousetheentirelane.Becausethemotorcycleisvery maneuverable,theoperatormaymovefromsidetosidewithinthelanetoavoid obstacles.Allowampleroomforthemotorcyclewhenpassingandrememberit isagainstthelawtoovertakeorpassamotorcyclewithinthesamelane.Be especiallycarefulwhenfollowingamotorcycle.Maintainasafefollowing distanceatalltimes,asthemotorcyclecanstopmorequicklythancars. Sharing the Road with Bicycles Bicycle Right-of-Way BicyclesaretreatedasvehiclesinDistrictofColumbia.Bicyclistshaverightsand dutieslikethoseofamotorvehicle.Motoristsmustyieldtheright-of-wayto bicyclistsatintersectionswhenpassingandwhenturning.Mostbicyclesdonot haveturnsignalsandtheiroperatorsusehandandarmsignalstoalertyouof theirintentions.

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Following a Bicyclist Asyouapproachabicyclist,slowdown.Avoidtheuseofyourhorn.Bicyclists canusuallyhearanapproachingvehicleandloudnoisescanstartlethebicycle operator,causinganaccident.Donotfollowabicycleclosely.Bicyclescanstop andmaneuverquicklyandabicyclistcanswerveorchangespeedtoavoidaroad hazard.Youngbicyclists,inparticular,aremorelikelytomakesurprisingchanges indirection. Passing a Bicyclist Whenpassingabicyclist,waituntilitissafeandallowadequateclearance (usuallyaboutthreefeetfromthesideofyourvehicle)andreturntoyourlane whenyoucanclearlyseethebicyclistinyourrearviewmirror.Donotuseyour horntoalertoralarmtherider.Ifyouareunabletosafelypass,reduceyour speed,followthebicycleandwaitforasafeopportunitytopass.Abicycleshould beoperatedasclosetotherightsideoftheroadaspossible.However,cyclists areexpectedtouseturnlanes.Mergesafelywithbicycletrafficwhenturning.Do notmakerightturnsacrossthepathofbicycletraffic.Itiscommonforan experiencedcyclisttoreachspeedsof20-30milesperhourandbecloserthan youthink. Mopeds Mopedsareconsideredtobethesameasbicycles.Bothmustobeytherules, regulationsandlawstowhichotherbicyclistsandmotoristsarerequiredto adhere.Apersonoperatingamopedmusthaveavaliddriverslicense.

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Driving Rules
Keep to the Right Youshouldkeeptotheright,exceptwhenyourvehicleisabouttoovertakeand passanothervehicleorcyclist,ortomakealeftturn.Onatwo-laneorother narrowhighway,youmustgranttheapproachingvehicleone-halfofthepaved orimprovedportionoftheroad. Signaling Youmustuseaturnsignal,armorhandsignal,orboth,continuouslyforatleast 100feetbeforeturning.Youshouldsignalforamuchgreaterdistanceanda longertimeintervalwhentravelingatahighspeed.Thisisparticularlyimportant whenchanginglanesonallhighways.Whenmakingaturnjustpastan intersection,signalonceyouareintheintersection. Passing Itispreferabletopassontheleft.However,intheDistrictofColumbia,itislegal topassoneithertheleftorrightonone-wayroads,providedthereisroomfor morethanonelineoftraffic.Itisalsolegaltopassoneithertheleftorrighton highwayswithfourormorelanes. When You Must Not Pass on Two-Lane Highways Youmustnotpass: Wherethesolidyellowlineisonyoursideofthecenteroftheroadway. Wheretherearetwosolidyellowlines. Whenpassingwillinterferewiththesafeoperationofoncomingvehicles. Whenapproachingthetopofahilloronacurveandthereisnotsufficient clearviewahead. Whencrossingorwithin100feetofanintersection. Whencrossingorwithin100feetofarailroadcrossing. Whentheviewisobstructeduponapproachingwithin100feetofany bridge,viaductortunnel. Ontheshoulderofthehighwayeithertotherightortheleft. Whenbeingpassedbyanothervehicle,youmustnotincreaseyourspeed. Theendofano-passingzonedoesnotmeanthatitissafetopass,only thatitislawfultopasswhensafe. Overtaking and Passing on a Two-Lane Highway Whenyouovertakeanyvehicleonatwo-lanehighway,passontheleft.Beforeyou crossthecenterline,becertainthereistimetopassandgetbackintotherightlane beforemeetingavehiclecomingintheoppositedirectionandbeforeano-passing zonebegins.Whileyouarepassing,ifitappearsthatyouwillnothavetimeto completethepassbeforemeetingoncomingtraffic,slowdownandreturntothelane behindthevehicleyouwerepassing.Turnonyourleftorrightsignal,dependingon whichlaneyouareentering,toinformthedriverbehindyouandthedriverahead. Donotuseyourhornwhenpassingacyclist.Whenpassingavehicle,youshould
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returntotherightlanewhenyouseebothheadlightsofthepassedvehicleinyour rearviewmirror.Whenpassingacyclist,allowaminimumofthreefeetclearance.If youaredrivingthevehiclebeingovertaken,givewaytotherightinfavoroftheovertakingvehicle.Donotincreaseyourspeeduntilthepassingiscompleted.Youmay passontherightonlywhenthevehiclebeingovertakenismakingorisaboutto makealeftturn.However,youmuststayonthetraveledportionoftheroad.You cannotdriveontheshoulderoftheroadtopassanothervehicle. Lane Driving Whenaroadismarkedinlanes: Youshouldstayinonelane.Youmustnotdrivepartlyinonelaneandpartly inanother. Youmustnotmovefromonelanetoanotherunlessyoucandososafely. Youshouldsignalyourintentiontochangelanesnolessthan300feet beforeyoudoso.Itisreferabletosignalsoonertoenabledriversaheadand behindyoutotakeappropriateaction. Whenyouaredrivingmoreslowlythanthetrafficflowonahighwaythat hastwoormorelanesinyourdirection,youshouldmovetoandstayinthe rightlane. Ifyouseeavehiclestoppedontheshoulderwithitshoodup,youshould slowdownandmovetotheleftpartofyourlane. Turns Right Turns Getintothelanefurthermosttotherightwellaheadoftheturn. Signalyourintentiontoturnforatleast100feet. Yieldtopedestriansincrosswalks. Bealertforvehiclesaheadthatarealsoturningright. Yieldtobicycliststravelingbetweenyouandthesideoftheroad. Left Left Turn: Two-Lane, Two-Way to Two-Lane, Two-Way Signalyourintentiontoturnforatleast100feet. Yieldtooncomingtrafficincludingbicycles. Yieldtopedestriansincrosswalks. Dontcutthecorner. Turn: Four-Lane, Two-Way to Four-Lane, Two-Way Getintotheleftlaneonyoursideofthehighwaywellaheadoftheturn. Signalyourintentiontoturnforatleast100feet. Yieldtooncomingtrafficincludingbicycles. Yieldtopedestriansincrosswalks. Turnintotheleftlanegoingyourway. Dontcutthecornerorturnsowidethatyougetintotherightlanegoing yourway.

Left Turn: Two-Way to One-Way Signalyourintentiontoturnforatleast100feet.

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 Left Left

Yieldtoalltrafficincludingbicycles. Yieldtopedestriansincrosswalks. Turnsharplyintotheleftlane. Dontcutthecornerorturnsowideyougetintotherightlane. Turn: One-Way to Two-Way Getintotheleftlanewellaheadoftheturn. Signalyourintentiontoturnforatleast100feet. Yieldtotrafficincludingbicycles. Yieldtopedestriansincrosswalks. Dontstarttheturnattheedgeoftheintersection;insteaddriveintothe intersectionandturnsharplyintothelaneshown. ItisillegaltomakealeftturnonredintheDistrictofColumbia. Turn: One-Way to One-Way Getintothelanefurthermosttotheleftwellaheadoftheturn. Signalyourintentiontoturnforatleast100feet. Yieldtopedestriansincrosswalks. Turnsharplyintothefirstlaneontheleftsideofaone-wayroad. ItisillegaltomakealeftturnonredintheDistrictofColumbia.

Using Your Headlights Alwaysturnonheadlightswhenthewindshieldwipersareon.Usehighbeamsin opencountrytoseepersonsorvehiclesahead.Uselowbeamswhen approachingorcloselyfollowingothervehicles.Lowbeamsshouldalsobeused withstreetlightsandinfog. Youmustturnonyourheadlightsone-halfhouraftersunsetandone-half hourbeforesunrise. Youmustturnonyourheadlightsatothertimeswhenyoucannotsee personsorvehiclesonthehighwayclearlyatadistanceof500feetorless. Youmustusehighbeamswheneverneededtoseepersonsorvehiclesaheadof youexceptthat: Youmustchangetolowbeamsatleast500feetbeforemeetingoncoming vehicles. Youmustchangetolowbeamswhenfollowingavehicleatadistanceof 300feetorless. Neverdrivewiththeparkinglightsonbecauseparkinglightsdenotea parkedcar. Energy Saving Tips Bydrivingcarefully,youwillgetbettergasmileageandsavemoneyonfuel. Accelerategradually. Drivesmoothlyandatmoderatespeeds. Anticipatestopstominimizehardbraking. Avoidunnecessarydriving. Combinetripsandcarpoolwhenpossible
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Parking Rules
Whenparkingandleavingyourvehicleonahighwayorastreet,youmuststop theengine,locktheignition,removethekeyandsettheparkingbrake.Itisalso advisabletoraisethewindowsandlockthedoors.

Parallel Parking Whenparkingonatwo-wayroadway,youmustparkparalleltoandwithin12 inchesofthecurb. Whenyoutakethetestforyourdriverslicense,youmayhavetoshowthe examinerthatyoucanparkinaparallelparkingspace6feetwideand25feet long.Thisisatimedexercise. Thestepstotaketoparallelparkare: Checkfortrafficinyourrearviewmirror.Ifacarbehindyouisfollowingtoo closely,donotstopsuddenly.Continuedrivingandfindanotherspace. Stoppingsuddenlywithacarbehindyoumayresultinarearendcollision. Putonyourturnsignaltowarnotherdriversthatyouintendtopark.Ifthe driverfollowingyoustops,heshouldstopseverallengthsbehindyou. Makesurethespaceislargeenoughforyourcar. Pullupuntilyouareabouttwoorthreefeetfromthecarinfrontofyour parkingspace.Backbumpersshouldbeabouteven. Backthecarslowlywhileturningthesteeringwheelsharplytotheright. Beginstraighteningthefrontwheelswhenyourdriversseatisinlinewith therearbumperofthecaraheadofyourparkingspace. Continuetobackslowly,andturnthesteeringwheelsharplytotheleftwhen yourcarclearsthecarinfrontofyou. Whenyouthinkyourvehicleisparallelwiththecurb,turnthesteeringwheel totherighttostraightenthewheels. Stopbeforetouchingthevehiclebehind. ShifttoDrive,andcenterthecarintheparkingspace.Youshouldbewithin 12inchesfromthecurb. Parking on a Hill Whenparkingyourvehicleonadownhillgrade,youmustturnyourfrontwheels towardthecurbortheedgeoftheroad.Whenparkingyourvehicleonanuphill gradewithacurb,youmustturnyourfrontwheelsawayfromcurbandbringthe nearsidefrontwheelintocontactwiththecurb.Whenparkingyourvehicleonan uphillgradewithnocurb,youmustturnyourfrontwheelstowardtheedgeofthe road.Ifyourvehiclehasanautomatictransmission,itshouldbeplacedinpark.If youhaveamanualtransmission,leavethevehicleingearandsettheparkingbrake.
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Parking on highways: Youmustneverparkonthepavedortraveledpartof anyhighwayoutsideofabusinessorresidentialdistrictunlessyourvehicle isdisabledandcannotbemoved.Pulltotherightasfaraspossible. Parking lights: Whenyouparkavehicleontheshoulderorsideofany highwayfromsunsettosunriseorwhenlightisinsufficienttoseepeopleor objects1000feetaway,youmustturnonyourparkinglights(or4-way flashersifthevehicleissoequipped).Turnsignallightsshouldnotflashon eithersideofaparkedvehicle. Opening the door of a parked vehicle: Neveropenthedoorofavehiclethat willimpedetheflowoftrafficorendangeranypersonorvehicle.Instead, usethedooronthecurbside. Moving a vehicle from a parked position: Youmustsignal,yieldtheright-ofwayandpullintothestreetwhenitissafetodoso. Double parking a vehicle: Doubleparkingavehicleisprohibitedbecauseit blockstrafficandcausesaccidents. Stopping Stop Means Cease Movement and No Rolling Stops Wherethereisastopsign,youmustmakeafullstopbeforethestopline,if thereisone.Ifnot,youmuststopbeforeenteringthecrosswalk. Wherethereisaflashingredtrafficsignal,youmustmakeafullstop. Wherethereisasteadyredtrafficsignal,unlessasignprohibitingaturnis inplace,youmaycautiouslyentertheintersectionandmakearightturn afterfirstmakingafullstopandyieldingtheright-of-waytopedestrians, bicyclistandothertrafficlawfullyusingtheintersection. Wherethereisayieldsignandvehiclesorpedestrianskeepyoufromusing theroadwaybeyondthesign,youshouldcometoafullstopandproceed whenthewayisclear. Whenemergingfromanalley,driveway,privateroad,orbuildingacrossa sidewalkorintoastreetorhighway,youmuststopandyieldtopedestrians andothervehicles. Beforeenteringanintersectionwhentheroadwaybeyondtheintersectionis blockedwithtraffic,youshouldstopandcrosstheintersectionwhenitisno longerblocked. Atarailroadcrossingwithloweredgatesand/orflashingredlights,you muststop. Stopping, Standing, Parking Prohibited Exceptwhennecessarytoavoidaconflictwithothertraffic,orincompliancewith thedirectionofapoliceofficerorofficialtrafficcontroldevice,donotstopa vehicle: Infrontofapublicdriveway. Onasidewalk. Withinanintersection. Onacrosswalk. Betweenasafetyzoneandtheadjacentcurb,orwithin30feetofpointson thecurbimmediatelyoppositetheendsofasafetyzoneunlesstheState HighwayAdministrationorlocalauthorityindicateadifferentlengthbysigns ormarkings.
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Alongsideoroppositeanystreetexcavationorobstructionwherestopping, standingorparkingwouldobstructtraffic. Uponanybridgeorotherelevatedstructureuponahighwayorwithina highwaytunnel. Atanyplaceanofficialsignprohibitsstopping. Inadirectionthatistheoppositefromtheflowoftraffic.

Donotstandorparkavehicle,whetheroccupiedornot,exceptverybrieflyto pickupordischargepassengers: Infrontoforwithin5feetofaprivatedriveway,publicdrivewayoralley. Within10feetofafirehydrant. Within25feetinfrontofanyflashingsignal,stopsign,ortrafficcontrol signallocatedatthesideofaroadway. Within20feetoftheentrancetoanyfirestationdrivewayoronthesideofa streetoppositetheentrancetoanyfirestationwithin75feetofthat entrance,whenproperlypostedwithasign. Onacurveorthebrowofahillweresolidlinesindicatinganopassingzone appearsonthesurfaceoftheroad. Atanyplaceanofficalsignprohibitsstanding. Ontheroadwaysideofanyvehiclestoppedorparkedattheedgeorcurbof astreet. Infrontofanybarricadeorsignthathasbeenplacedforthepurposeof closingthestreet. Donotparkavehicle,whetheroccupiedornot,excepttemporarilywhileloading orunloadingmerchandiseorpassengers: Within50feetofthenearestrailofarailroadcrossing. Atanyplacewhereanofficialsignprohibitsparking. Unlessyouareanindividualwithadisability,parkinginaspaceorzone properlymarkedasrestrictedfortheuseofindividualswithdisabilities.

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Traffic Rules
Turnabout Attimesitmaybenecessarytoturnyourcararoundinclosequarters;for example,duringyourdrivingtestorattheendofadead-endstreet. Todothis: Startfromtheextremerightsideoftheroad.Lookforothertrafficandif clear,proceedforwardslowlywhileturningthesteeringwheeltotheleft. Stopwithinseveralinchesoftheleftcurbortheedgeofthestreet. Thenproceedbackwardslowlywhileturningthesteeringwheeltotheright. Stopwithinseveralinchesoftherightcurbortheedgeofthestreet. Proceedforwardslowlywhileturningthesteeringwheeltotheleft.This shouldcompleteyourturnabout.Ifnot,repeattheprocedures. Speed Restrictions DistrictofColumbiatrafficlawsprovidebothageneralspeedrestrictionand specificspeedlimits.Youmustobeyboth.Nooneshoulddriveonahighwayata speedgreaterthanisreasonableundertheexistingconditions,takinginto accounttheactualandpotentialhazards.Ineveryevent,speedshouldbe controlledinordertoavoidcollidingwithanyperson,vehicleorother conveyanceonorenteringthehighway.Nooneshoulddriveatsuchaslow speedtheyimpedethenormalandreasonablemovementoftrafficexceptwhen areducedspeedisnecessaryforthesafeoperationofthevehicleorin compliancewiththelaw.Neverexceedthepostedspeedlimit.Uptothelimit,it issafesttodriveattheaveragespeedatwhichtrafficismoving.Studieshave shownthatthemoreyoudepartfromtheaveragetrafficspeed,fasterorslower, thegreateryourchancesareofhavinganaccident. Moreaccidentsarecausedbyfactorsotherthanspeed,butspeedincreasesthe severityandextentofdamagesandinjuries.Considerthefollowingfacts: Deathiseighttimesmoreprobableinanaccidentat60milesperhourthan at20milesperhour. Theimportantspeedinahead-oncollisionisthesumofthespeedofboth vehicles.Fortwovehicles,eachgoing50milesperhour,thesumis100 milesperhour. Hittingasolidstationaryobjectat60milesperhourisequaltofallingoffa 10-storybuilding.

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Speed Limit Laws/unless otherwise posted DistrictofColumbiacitystreetsis25milesperhour DistrictofColumbiaalleyis15milesperhour DistrictofColumbiaSchoolZoneis15milesperhour OnOrdinaryHighways3050milesperhour OnDividedHighways3055milesperhour OnInterstateHighways5575milesperhour Speed Signs Therearetwokindsofspeedsigns: Speed Limit Signs Speedlimitsignshaveblacklettersandnumeralsonawhiterectangular backgroundandarethelegalallowablelimits. Advisory (Recommended) Speed Signs Advisoryspeedsignshaveblacklettersonayellowororangebackground andoftenareshownunderawarningsign.Advisoryspeedsignsareposted alongportionsofhighwaystowarnyouthatconditionsmayoftenmakeit unsafetodrivefaster.Althoughanadvisoryspeedsigndoesnothavethe forceoflaw,ifyouexceeditandhaveaaccident,itmaybeconcludedthat youviolatedthegeneralspeedrestrictionandaresubjecttoaticket. Other Traffic Laws Safety Zones Neverdrivethroughasafetyzone,whichisanareainaroadwaymarkedby signsforpedestriansonly.Alwaysproceedcautiouslywheneverpeopleare standing,walking,sittingorbicyclingclosetoalineoftraffic. Coasting Neverdrivewiththegearsinneutralortheclutchpedaldepressedlongerthanis neededtoshiftgears.Ifyouneedtoreactquickly,youmaynotbeabletogetthe vehicleingear. School Crossing Guards Youmustfollowthedirectionofanyauthorizedcrossingguard.School-crossing guards,havetheauthoritytostop,controlandguidevehiculartraffic.Theyare stationedatlocationsadjacenttoschoolsoratanyotherlocationsdeemed necessary. U-Turn YoucannotmakeaU-turnonacurveorahillwherethevehiclecannotbeseen atleast500feetawaybythedriverofanothervehicleproceedingineither direction.U-turnsareprohibitedintheDistrictofColumbiaatintersections controlledbytrafficlightsorpoliceofficer,oronacrosswalkadjacenttosuchan intersection. Wearing of Headsets, Earphones, and Earplugs Prohibited Apersonmaynotwearearplugs,aheadset,orearphonesattachedtoaradio,
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tapeplayer,CDplayerorotheraudiodevicewhiledrivingamotorvehicle.Useof earphonesorearplugsforcellularphonesareacceptable.Hearingaiddevicesare acceptable. Vehicle Equipment Since1965,theU.S.Governmenthasrequiredthatallmotorvehiclesofferedfor saleintheUnitedStatesbeequippedwithvarioussafetyequipmentand emissioncontroldevicestoreduceaccidentsandcontrolairpollution.Under federalandDistrictofColumbiamotorvehiclelaws,itisunlawfulforanyoneto: Removeoralteranysafetydeviceorequipmentwhichhasbeenplaced uponanymotorvehicle,trailer,semi-trailer,orpoletrailerincompliance withanylaw,rule,regulationorrequirementoftheUnitedStatesorof DistrictofColumbia. Remove,alterorotherwiserenderinoperableanyexhaustsystememission controldevice(i.e.,catalyticconverter),gasolinetankfillerinlet,orcrankcase ventilationdevicewhichhasbeeninstalledbyamanufacturerofmotor vehiclesproducedasa1968orlatermodel,ifthemotorvehicleisfactory equippedwiththesedevicesasrequiredbyfederallaworbyruleof regulation. Seat Belt Law/Click It or Ticket TheDistricthasoneofthestrongest,mostcomprehensiveseatbeltlawsinthe nation.Afterthelawwasenactedin1997,seatbeltuseincreased24%.Injuries wereprevented.Livesweresaved. Ittakesafewsecondstofastenaseatbelt.It'ssosimple.Yetitcanbethemost significantactionyoucantaketoprotectyourlifeandthoseyoucareabout. Bucklingupdramaticallyincreasesyourchanceofsurvivingacrash.Andit'syour bestweaponagainstadrunk,tired,oraggressivedriver. Seat Belts Must Be Worn TheDistrictofColumbialawrequiresthatthedriverandallpassengerswearseat beltsinpassengercars,trucks,tractors,multi-purposevehiclesorpassenger buses.Apersonmaynotoperateanyofthesevehiclesunlesstheoperatorand eachoccupantiswearingaseatbelt. You Will Be Pulled Over Unlikemanyotherstates,Districtlawallowspolicetostopavehiclesolely becauseitsdriversandpassengersarenotproperlybuckledup. $50 Fine and 2 Points That'sthepenaltyfornothavingyourseatbeltproperlybuckledatalltimesfor driversandallpassengers,infrontandbackseatswithfewexceptions.Drivers areresponsibleforseatbeltcomplianceforallpassengers. Persons with Physical Disabilities Ifaphysicianlicensedtopracticemedicinedeterminesandcertifiesinwriting
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thattheuseofaseatbeltbyapersonwouldpreventappropriaterestraintdueto apersonsphysicaldisabilityorothermedicalreason,theseatbeltprovisionsdo notapplytothatperson.Thephysicianscertificatemuststatethenatureofthe physicaldisabilityandthereasonthatrestraintbyaseatbeltisinappropriate. Thecertificatemustbecarriedinthevehicle.Apersonwhoviolatesthe provisionsissubjecttothepenaltiesofthelaw. Head Restraints Headrestraintsareinstalledtoprotectfromspinalinjury,whiplash,whichcan occurwhenavehicleisstuckfromtherear.Beforestartingtodrivethevehicle, adjusttheheadrestraintonyourseattoapositiondirectlybehindyourhead. Thispositionvarieswitheachdriver,soitsimportantthattheheadrestraintbe adjustedtoprovideyouwithmaximumprotection.Somevehicleshavehigh-back seatsthatcannotbeadjusted. Child Safety Seats IntheDistrictofColumbia,theoperatorofamotorvehiclemaynottransportany childoflessthan3yearsofageunlessthechildisproperlyrestrainedinachild restraintseatinthebackseat. Air Bags Airbagsareimportantsafetydevices.Theyworkbestwhendriversand passengersareproperlysecuredbylapandshoulderbeltsandaresittingasfar backaspossible.Mostairbagsaredesignedtoinflateinamoderate-to-severe frontalaccident.Someaccidentsatlowerspeedsmayresultininjuries,but generallynottheseriousinjuriesthatairbagsaredesignedtoprevent.Lapand shoulderbeltsshouldalwaysbeused,eveninvehicleswithairbags. Toincreasethelifesavingcapabilitiesofairbags: Alwayswearsafetybeltsproperly,usinglapandshoulderbeltswhere available Pregnantwomenshouldplacethelapportionofthesafetybeltunderthe abdomenaslowaspossibleonthehipsandacrosstheupperthighs. Sitasfarawayfromthesteeringwheelaspractical.Trytomaintain10-12 inchesfromthesteeringwheelhubtothechest. Childrenage12andundershouldridebuckledupinarearseatinachild safetyseatorseatbeltappropriatefortheirageandsize. Infantsshouldneverrideinthefrontseatofavehiclewithapassengerside airbag. Ifitisimpossibleforyoutofollowthesesafetytips,itmightbebetterforthe airbagstobeturnedoff.Peoplewhofallintooneofthefollowingrisk groupsshouldconsiderinstallinganairbagon-offswitch. Thosewhomusttransportinfantsridinginrear-facinginfantseatsinthe frontpassengerseat. Thosewhomusttransportchildrenundertheageof12inthefront passengerseat. Driverswhocannotchangetheircustomarydrivingpositionandkeep10 inchesbetweenthecenterofthesteeringwheelandthecenteroftheir breastbone.
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Thoseindividualswhosedoctorsrecommendthat,duetotheirmedical condition,theairbagsposeaspecialriskthatoutweighstheriskofhitting theirhead,neck,orchestinanaccidentiftheairbagisturnedoff.

Work Zones Aworkzoneisanareaalongahighwaywhereconstruction,maintenance,or utilityworkisoccurring.Becauseworkzonesoftenareunexpectedand sometimeshinderthesmoothflowoftraffic,theycanpresentachallengetoeven themostskilleddrivers.Itisimportantforthedriversownsafetyandthesafety ofpedestriansandworkersthatdriversusegreatcarewhenapproachingand passingthesesites.Specialworkzonetrafficsignsandotherdevicesaresetup inadvanceofwheretheworkactuallyistakingplaceandcontinuebeyondthe workarea.Thezonemaybeeitherstationary(abridgeisbeingwidened)ormay beamobileoperationthatmovesdowntheroadslowlyorfromtimetotime pavementstripingorpatching. Usually,temporarydevicessuchasfixedorportablesigns,changeablemessage signs,arrowpanels,pavementmarkings,and/orchannelingdevices(cones, drums,barricades,barriers,etc.)areinstalledtoguidetrafficsafelythroughthe zone.TrafficwarningsignsinworkzonesusuallyareORANGE. Whenapproachingordrivingthroughaworkzonestayalertforchangingtraffic patternsandslowingorstoppedtraffic.Stoppedtrafficmaybehiddenarounda curveoroverahill.Paycloseattentiontotrafficsignsandotherdevices,suchas cones,drums,barricades,barriers,ormarkings,thatareplacedtosafelyguide youthroughtheworkzone.Obeythedirectionsofthepoliceandflaggers. Whenyouseesignsindicatinglaneclosuresahead,preparetomovefrom theclosedlane. Watchforslowerspeedlimits. Observewhatotherdriversaredoingandavoidsuddenmoves.Donot weavefromlanetolane.Brakegraduallytogivedriversbehindyouample timetoslowdown.Keepupwiththeflowoftraffic. Bealertforunusualpavementsurfaceconditions,suchasroughsurfaces, metalplates,unevenpavementbetweenlanes,anddrop-offsatthe pavementedge.Theycanmakeitmoredifficultforyoutocontrolyour vehicle.Gradual,controlledmovementsarebestunderthesecircumstances. Maintainareasonablespeedandspacingbetweenvehicles.Youmayhave nowheretogoifyouaretravelingtoofastorfollowingtoocloselyandthe vehicleinfrontofyousuddenlyslowsorstops. Bepatientandconsiderateofworkersandotherroadusers.Attimes,traffic inworkzonesmustbestopped.Thisusuallyhappenswhentrafficfrom oppositedirectionsmusttaketurnsusingasinglelane,whenworkersor equipmentmustenterthelaneoftraffic,orwheresomeworktaskmightbe dangeroustopassingvehicles.Then,temporarytrafficsignalsmightbe installedorpolicestationedtodirecttraffic.Moreoften,trainedandcertified flaggerswithSTOP/SLOWpaddlesareusedtostop,slow,and/ordirect trafficthroughworkzones.
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54

Regulatory Signs Thesesignstelldriversofthespeedlimitandotherlawsandregulations.Speed limitsmaybereducedinworkareas. Warning Signs Warningsignsareusedtoalertdriverstounusualorpotentiallyhazardous conditionsinornearworkzones.Mostsignsusedinhighwayandstreetwork areasareorangeanddiamond-shaped. Channeling Devices Barricades,conesanddrumsarethemostcommonlyuseddevicestoguide driverssafelythroughworkareas.Atnighttheymaybeequippedwithwarning lightsforimprovedvisibility. Changeable Message Signs Theseelectronicsigns,whichcandisplayavarietyofmessagespertainingto roadconditions,trafficproblems,emergencysituations,specialevents,etc.,are oftenusedtoalertmotoriststospecialconditionswithinworkzones. Arrow Panels Arrowpanelsareusedbothduringthedayandatnighttogiveadvancewarning anddirectionalinformationtotelldriverswhereitisnecessarytomoveinto anotherlanetotherightorleft. Traffic Signals Trafficsignalsapplytoeveryonewhoiswalking,drivingorridingabicycleona streetorhighway.Failingtoobeythesignalsmessageisamajorcauseof accidents.Thedriverofavehicleapproachinganintersectioncontrolledbya trafficcontroldevicemaynotdriveacrossprivateproperty,suchasgasstations, storeparkinglotsetc.,orleavetheroadwayforthepurposeofavoidingthe instructionsofatrafficcontroldevice. Trafficsignalsareusuallyred,yellowandgreenfromtoptobottom,orleftto right.Atsomeintersections,therearesinglered,yelloworgreenlights.Some trafficsignalsaresteady,othersflash.Somearecircular,andsomearearrows. Thelawrequiresthatifthetrafficlightsorcontrolsareoutofserviceor malfunctioningwhenyouapproachanintersection,youmustcometoastopas youwouldforastopsign.Youmustthenproceedaccordingtotherulesofright ofway,unlessyouaredirectedtoproceedbyatrafficofficer.

Signals, Signs and Markings

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Steady Red Signal Stop.Cometoacompletestopbeforereachingtheintersection,atthestopline, ifthereisone.Ifnot,youmuststopbeforeenteringthecrosswalkandremain stoppedaslongasthesignalisred.Youmayturnrightataredsignalafter comingtoacompletestop,unlesstherearesignspostedattheintersection, whichreadsNoTurnonRed.Whenturningonaredsignal,youmustyieldthe right-of-waytopedestrians,bicyclistsandallothertraffic.Itisillegalinthe DistrictofColumbiatomakealeftturnonred. Steady Yellow Signal Thismeansthatthesignalischangingfromgreentored.Itspurposeisto providetimeforapproachingtraffictostopsafelyandtoclearothervehicles fromtheintersectionbeforethelightturnsred. Steady Green Signal Proceedwithcautionafteryouhavecheckedfirsttoseethatothervehicleshave clearedtheintersection.Whenitissafetoproceed,youmayenterthe intersectiontogostraightaheadorturnunlessasignoradditionalsignal prohibitstheturn.Youmustyieldtopedestriansandvehiclesalreadyinthe intersection. Steady Red Arrow Signal Stop.Cometoacompletestopbeforereachingtheintersection,stoplineor crosswalkforthedirectionindicatedbythearrow.Remainstoppedaslongasthe arrowsignalisred. Steady Yellow Arrow Signal Likethesteadyyellowsignal,theyellowarrowmeansthatthesignalischanging fromgreentored.Itspurposeistoprovidetimeforapproachingtraffictostop safelyandtoclearothervehiclesfromtheintersectionbeforethelightturnsred. Steady Green Arrow Signal Proceedwithcautioninthedirectionthearrowpoints.Rememberthatyoumust yieldtoallpedestriansandvehiclesalreadyintheintersection. Flashing Red Signal Youmustcometoacompletestop,yieldtoallothertrafficandtopedestrians. Proceedwhenthewayisclear.

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Flashing Red Signal at Railroad Crossing Flashingredsignals,whichmaybeaccompaniedbybells,warnyouthatatrain iscoming.Youshouldstopandwaitforittogobyandchecktomakesure anothertrainisnotapproachingonanothertrack. WhenapproachingarailroadcrossingthatdoesNOThaveanywaringsystem (suchasflashinglightsorgates),it'simportanttoslowdown,lookandlistenfor anysignofanoncomingtrainandthenstopbeforethetracksifthereisone coming.Trainsarealwaysmovingmuchfasterthantheyappearfromadistance sodriversshouldnevertrytobeatoneout.Markingsontheroad,consistingofa white"X"andtheletters"RR,"alertyouthatyouareabouttocrossrailroadtracks andneedtowatchfortrains,whichcan'tstopquickly. Flashing Yellow Signal Youmustslowdownandproceedwithcaution. Multiple Signals Thesignalsareusedtoallowtraffictomakeleftturnswithagreenlight. Lane Use Signals Thesignalsareusedtocontroltrafficflowbyreversinglanesdirectionduring differenthoursoftheday.Thelanesandtheirdirectionsmaybemarkedwith signsandsignals.YoumustneverdriveinalaneunderaredXsignal.Youare permittedtodriveinalaneunderagreenarrowsignal.AsteadyyellowX signalmeansadrivershouldmoveoutofthelaneassoonassafelypossible.A flashingyellowXsignalmeansthatadriverispermittedtousethelanefora leftturn.Itislikelythatyouwillbesharingthelanewithleft-turningvehicles comingfromtheoppositedirection.

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Identifysignsbyshapesandcolorsaswellasbythewords,numbers,orthe symbolsonthem. SIGN COLORS Thecolorofaroadwaysigncantellyouatfirstglancewhatkindofinformationit hastooffer. Red Stop,yield,donotenter,orwrongway

Identifying Signs by Shapes and Colors

Yellow Generalwarningofwhattoexpectahead

White Regularsign,suchasspeedlimit

Orange Constructionandmaintenanceworkareawarning

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Green Guideinformation,suchasdistanceordirection

Blue Motoristservices

Brown Recreationandculturalinterestareas

SIGN SHAPES Theshapeofatrafficsigncantellyouasmuchaboutthesignsmessageasits color.Inpoorvisibilityconditions,suchasheavyfog,youmaybeabletomake outonlytheshapeofasign. Octagon: Stop Theoctagonal(eight-sided)shapealwaysmeansstop.Youmustcometoa completestopatthesign,stopline,pedestriancrosswalkorbeforeenteringan intersection.

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Triangle: Yield Slowdown,orstopifnecessary,andgivetherightofwaytovehiclescrossing yourpath.

Diamond: Warning Thesesignswarnyouofspecialconditionsorhazardsahead.Youmayhaveto slowdown,sobeready.

Rectangle: Regulatory or Guide Verticalsignsaregenerallyusedtogiveinstructionsortellyouthelaw.Inthe horizontalposition,thesignsmaygivedirectionsorinformation.

Pentagon: School and School Crossing Thepentagon(five-sided)shapewarnsyouofschoolzonesandmarksschool crossings.

Round: Railroad Warning Blackonyellowisusedonlytowarnthatthereisarailroadcrossingahead.

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8-Sided Sign, White Letters on Red TheStopsignistheonly8-sidedsignyouwillseeonthehighway.Whenyoucome toastopsign,youmustmakeacompletestopatthestopline.Ifthereisnostopline, stopatthecrosswalk.Ifthereisnocrosswalk,stopbeforeenteringtheintersection. Beforestarting,youmustyieldtheright-of-waytoanyvehicleorpedestrian.

Regulatory Signs

3-Sided Sign, Red Letters on White Youwillseenoothersignofthisshapeonthehighway.Slowdownasyou approachayieldsign.Looktotheleftandtheright.Yieldtopedestriansand vehicles.Youmustyieldtheright-of-waytoanyvehicleorpedestrian.Onceyou haveyieldedtovehiclesorpedestrians,youmaynotproceeduntilyoucandoso safely.

Rectangular (4-Sided) Signs, Black on White Thesesignsareusedtoregulatetraffic.Thisparticularsigntellsyouthe maximumspeedlimitforthestretchofhighwaywhereitisposted.

Other Regulatory Signs Therearemanyotherregulatorysigns.Regulatorysignsrestrictparking,people, vehicles,weightsandtypesofvehicles,etc..

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Overhead Lane Use Signs Thesesignsareusedwhereturningmovementsarerequiredorwhere unconventionalturningmovementsarepermittedfromspecificlanesatan intersection.

High Occupancy Vehicle Thissignmeansthelaneorlanesindicatedarereservedforbusesandvehicles withtheminimumnumberofoccupantsspecifiedonthesign.

Sharp Right Turn Thereisasharpturntotherightintheroadahead.

Right Curve Thereisacurvetotherightahead.

Sharp Right and Left Turns Theroadaheadturnssharplyright,thenleft.

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Warning Traffic Signs Mostwarningsignsareblackonyellowandmostarediamondshaped.Slow downandwatchforothersignsandsignalsthatmayfollow.

Stop Sign Ahead Slowdownandbereadytostopatthestopsignahead.

4-Way Stop ThissignmeanstherearefourSTOPsignsattheintersection.Trafficfromall directionsmuststop.Thefirstdrivertostopisthefirstdrivertogo.Otherdrivers mustwaittheirturn.Youalsomaysee3-WAY,5-WAYorALL-WAYsigns.

Signal Ahead Slowdownandbereadytostopatthesignalahead.

Yield Sign Ahead Slowdownandbepreparedtostopattheyieldsignoradjustyourspeedtothe flowofthetraffic.

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Winding Road Theroadaheadiswindingwithaseriesofcurvesorturns.Adjustyourspeed.

Side Road Asideroadentersthehighwayfromtheright.Adjustyourspeedsoyoucansee anyvehiclesenteringorexitingfromthesideroad.

Crossroad Anotherroadcrossesthehighwayahead.Bealertforcrosstrafficandregulatory signsorsignals.

No Passing Pennant Thepennant-shaped,no-passingsignsupplementstheregulatoryDONOTPASS sign.Thepennantislocatedontheleftsideofaroadwayandpointstobeginning ofano-passingzone.

Exit Advisory Speed Themaximumsafespeedforanentranceorexit

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Merge Mergingtrafficfromtherightisjustahead

The 5-Sided Sign is used to Warn of Schools and School Crossings DiamondSignWarnsofPedestrianCrossing.SlowDown,PreparetoStop,if necessary.

T Intersection Theroadwayendsahead.Slowdownandpreparetostoporyieldbeforeturning.

Advisory Speed Thisisthemaximumsafespeedforacertainstretchofhighwayandisposted underotherwarningsigns.Slowdowntotheadvisoryspeedshown.

Y Intersection Youmustbeareitherrightorleftahead.Slowdownandstayalerttotheflowof traffic.

Divided Highway Begins

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Keep to the right

Merge Left

The right lane ends ahead

Divided Highway Ends Ahead

Steep Hill Ahead

Bicycle Crossing/Bike Path

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Drive with caution

Roadway Slippery When Wet, Reduce Speed Thefirsthalfhourofrainisthemosthazardous.

Route Markers

Animal Crossing Theanimalpicturedonthesigniscommoninthisarea:watchforthisspecies crossingtheroadparticularlyduringtwilightandnight-timehours.

Turn Signals and Emergency Signals Youmustusehandsignalsordirectionalsignalstoshowthatyouareaboutto turn.Turnsignalsarerequiredwhenchanginglanesorovertakingavehicle.Itis againstthelawtouseyourdirectionalsignalstotelldriversbehindyouthatthey canpass.Four-wayemergencyflashersshouldonlybeusedwhileyourvehicleis legallystoppedordisabledonthehighwayorshoulder.

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Pesdestrian Crossing

Slow Moving Vehicle

Two-way Traffic

No Right Turn

No U-turn

Do Not Enter

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Theinterstatesystemhasroutemarkersintheshapeofashield.Thetopcarries thelegendINTERSTATEinwhitelettersonaredbackground.Thebottomisblue withtheroutenumberinlargewhiteletters.

UnitedStatesNumberedRoutes(otherthaninterstateroutes)aremarkedwitha signofblacknumbersonawhitebackgroundofthefamiliarU.S.shield.

StateRoutesaremarkedwithasignofblacklettersonawhiterectangular background.

DC Route DC295,alsoknownastheAnacostiaFreeway,isafreewayintheDistrictof Columbia,andcurrentlytheonlynumberedrouteintheDistrictthatisnotan InterstateHighwayorU.S.Highway.

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