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U.S. Agricultural TradeUpdate
Economic Research Service November 20, 1998U.S. Department of Agriculture
 
Monthly Supplement to 
Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United States 
.Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board 
Trade Surplus
0.0000.5001.0001.5002.0002.5003.0003.500Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug
$ billion
19981997
Exports
3.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.5Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug
$ billion
19971998
Imports
2.6002.8003.0003.2003.4003.600Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug
$ billion
19971998
Summary--
Fiscal 1998 exports slowedmore than had been expected, declining 6percent from fiscal 1997 to $53.7 billion.Imports, however, rose to $37 billion, a gainof more than 3 percent over 1997.September exports of $3.5 billion, fell 6percent from August 1998 and 23 percentfrom September 1997. At $2.9 billion,September 1998 imports, however, were 2percent over August and just over lastSeptember. The $16.7 billion export surplusfor fiscal 1998 is the smallest since the $15billion surplus in fiscal 1991.
Exports--
Bulk commodity exports in fiscal1998 dropped 14 percent to $20 billion.Most of the decline occurred in cornexports, which fell sharply in both volumeand value. Lower prices also reduced thevalue of other bulk commodity exports,principally wheat, soybeans, and cotton.Fiscal 1998
corn 
exports reached only $4.3billion and 37.7 million tons, declines of 30and 19 percent, respectively. Lower prices,substantially reduced demand, andincreased export competition all played arole.
Wheat 
export volume increased this year.Fiscal 1998 exports reached 25.8 milliontons, a gain of 5 percent over fiscal 1997.However, stronger competition and lowerprices reduced export value 9 percent to$3.8 billion.Exports of
soybeans 
in fiscal 1998 fell 3percent in quantity and 12 percent in valueto 23.3 million tons and $6.1 billion. Strongcompetition from South America helpedconstrain U.S. exports.U. S.
cotton 
exports declined in both valueand volume. At 1.6 million tons, volumeslipped less than 1 percent from fiscal 1997.But lower prices pushed value down 7percent to $2.5 billion.Lower exports of
high-value products (HVP)
in September pulled fiscal 1998 HVPexports down to $33.7 billion, just under the$34 billion in fiscal 1997. Hides and skinsshow the sharpest decline, down 20 percentfor the year to $1.4 billion, mostly a result ofslowed shipments to South Korea.However, a number of commodities showedgains. Vegetable oils, oilseed meals, andred meats showed the largest gains.Soybean oil led vegetable oil growth, rising71 percent to $882 million on greater salesto China and Hong Kong. Soybean mealexports rose 13 percent to $1.9 billion, asthe European Union (EU) increased itspurchases. Vegetable exports reached $4.2billion, a 2-percent gain, and red meats alsorose 2 percent to $4.5 billion.
Imports--
Growth of imports in fiscal 1998was led by vegetables and fruits. But gainsalso were strong in cocoa, wine, maltbeverages, and red meats. At $3.6 billion,coffee remained the largest import; but thevalue of coffee imports declined in fiscal1998, as prices fell throughout the year.Tomatoes, potatoes, and peppers ledvegetable imports, which rose 27 percent to$2.6 billion. U.S. tomato import growth waslargest from Mexico, which also accountedfor about half the growth in U.S. pepperimports. U.S. potato imports came fromCanada. Fruit imports rose slightly to $2.1billion; cocoa imports gained 20 percent,wine 16 percent, and malt beverages 14percent in 1998. Beef and veal led the redmeats, rising to $1.8 billion, a 13-percentgain, mostly from Canada. (Carol Whitton202-694-5287)
Major U.S. agricultural exportdestinations and import sourcesunchanged in fiscal 1998--
Despite thelower exports this year to several keymarkets, including Japan, the EU, SouthKorea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, andRussia, the same countries as in fiscal1997 accounted for the 10 largest U.S.agricultural export destinations. Fiscal 1998U.S. exports to three of the top 10, Canada,Mexico, and Egypt, increased. Chinadropped to eighth largest, while Hong Kongmoved up to seventh rank.Similarly, the 10 largest sources of U.S.agricultural imports remain the same as infiscal 1997. However, Colombia moved upfrom sixth last year to fourth this year,pushing Indonesia and Brazil down to fifthand sixth, respectively. New Zealandsurpassed Thailand for eighth position.Next Update: December 22, 1998
Summary--
Fiscal 1998 exports slowedmore than had been expected, declining 6
Exports--
Bulk commodity exports in fiscal1998 dropped 14 percent to $20 billion.
Imports--
Growth of imports in fiscal 1998was led by vegetables and fruits. But gains
Major U.S. agricultural exportdestinations and import sourcesunchanged in fiscal 1998--
Despite thelower exports this year to several key
 
Table 1--U.S. aricultural exorts: Quantit and value b commoditOctober-SeptemberSeptemberQuantity and unitThousand unitsThousand dollarsThousand unitsThousand dollars1996/971997/981996/971997/981996/971997/981996/971997/98Total aricultural exorts (NA)0057,365,11653,730,198004,489,2773,467,258Animals & animal rods (NA)0011,292,01011,067,62400957,643776,127Animals live - ex oultr (NA)00507,943537,7840045,48819,057Cattle & calves - live (NO)257266160,196162,957261616,3598,229Horses, mules, burros-live (NO)4559252,233270,6884318,4755,739Swine - live (NO)481299,01019,3613176951,776Shee, live (NO)9851,10941,14347,437144105,900450Other live animals (NA)0045,36137,341004,0592,863Meats & meat rods (MT)1,8232,0644,438,0744,507,334184159396,946335,819Beef & veal (MT)6527082,390,8892,380,9036260222,205183,302Beef & veal - fr or froz (MT)6376912,331,2722,310,7116158217,686175,726Beef - re or res MT141759618701931245207576Horsemeat-fr chill froz MT141246432383171125413625Lamb mutton or oat-frchfrzMT326707642200652293Pork MT300395999752106681425308356273046Pork - fr or froz MT26535089998294944522267508962620Pork - re or res MT36459977111736934847310426Variet meats edible offals MT45051163851267177139385166254566Other meats - fr or re MT40443535578034310756303632420988Poultr & oultr rods NA002867933270735100240095169765Poultr - live NA567045829011414011698861895442109128817Bab chicks NO4776148316999441000314552460989207513Other live oultr (NA)8,9439,97414,19616,9581,6378331,9921,304Poultr meats (MT)2,5532,6632,516,1072,347,147228147209,456140,041Chickens - fr or froz (MT)2,2002,3432,007,0521,865,347192121160,095104,414Turkes - fr or froz (MT)235203278,698226,539291532,04217,027Other oultr - fr or froz (MT)569,13511,33201921854Poultr meats - re or res(MT)113111221,222243,92971016,39717,746Feathers & downs, crude (MT)3324,08419,173001,4951,101Es (NA)00213,602224,0420018,23219,806Dair rods (NA)00868,740925,0580080,34279,330Eva & condensed milk (MT)1096,6517,81410585278Nonfat dr milk (MT)478982,113152,8546109,81417,092Butter & anhd milkfat (MT)10719,56213,532101,796354Cheese (MT)3637115,996121,3184310,9898,795Whe, fluid or dried (NA)00132,602113,922009,5399,533Other dair rods (NA)00511,816515,6180047,61943,278Fats, oils, & reases (MT)1,0561,365542,873655,2069912447,91255,161Lard (MT)707240,56736,229754,6052,704Tallow - inedible (MT)731993350,960461,011649529,67340,750Other animal fats & oils (MT)255300151,345157,966272413,63511,708Hides & skins, incl furs (NA)001,693,2011,358,33500115,16887,965Bovine hides - whole (NO)20,76118,9921,232,469969,3251,5221,46985,42770,972Other cattle hides - ieces (NA)00155,82893,7010011,9046,944Calf skins, whole (PC)2,0011,84442,13136,27963591,1101,096Horse hides, whole (PC)1441013,9132,633539652Shee and lamb skins (PC)0027,76024,289003,387462Other hides & skins, ex furs (NA)10,74212,23164,26971,0411,0326895,7544,284Furskins NA001668311610650074904155Mink elts NO3600299096293826311367546612392Other furskins NA0070538784340028291763Wool & mohair MT421655411910001292605Sausae casins MT131756117611841246545022Bull semen NA0067710675550061644860Misc animal rods - other NA00232866235907001958218543Grains & feeds MT950918728916367522139608208813731514070161027436Wheat unmilled MT24526257914117399375884031942456503029300519Wheat flour MT51146514073611678262581344211325Bulur wheat MT83186554200011Other wheat rods (MT)667960,34677,107665,6036,297Rice-add, milled, arb. (MT)2,5603,310959,3221,131,63214020048,57569,735Feed rains & rods (MT)53,79644,5647,166,4975,187,4634,4033,623521,127351,966Feed rains (MT)53,08543,9606,928,3074,990,0454,3513,569500,092334,390Barle (MT)1,2131,066168,321141,51530411336,13811,314Corn (MT)46,63837,6976,114,3844,261,4663,6003,180414,899295,890Grain sorhums (MT)5,2075,164641,923582,77444427448,70826,908Oats (MT)26323,5064,13422339278Re (MT)121721570080Feed rain rods (MT)711604238,190197,418525421,03517,575Pocorn (MT)9810077,05668,463584,4835,179Blended food rods (MT)30728794,05277,58130269,5117,365Other rain rods (MT)9249871,061,9861,121,206718090,72495,652Feeds & fodders, ex oilcake (MT)12,29511,7042,688,2632,421,204901858210,521179,387Corn b-roducts (MT)6,0005,704870,758691,43744042757,82346,947Alfalfa meal & cubes (MT)27626548,56743,71721233,9633,819Beet ul (MT)63853787,70166,29743427,0645,255Citrus ul ellets (MT)77766373,95543,48721299256Other feeds & fodders (MT)4,6044,5341,607,2821,576,265394365141,373123,110Fruits & re, ex uice (MT)3,2783,0822,759,9352,564,874227226233,736219,064Fruits - fr (MT)2,8332,5802,083,7661,857,835180178163,522153,436Fruits - fr - citrus (MT)1,2241,173708,053658,304312922,82517,124Graefruit - fresh (MT)484387240,408189,788834,1741,870Lemons & limes - fresh (MT)124117123,10186,385548,0623,215Oranes & tanerines - fresh (MT)613667342,412380,828182210,53811,9422
 
Table 1--U.S. aricultural exorts: Quantit and value b commoditOctober-SeptemberSeptemberQuantity and unitThousand unitsThousand dollarsThousand unitsThousand dollars1996/971997/981996/971997/981996/971997/981996/971997/98Other citrus - fresh (MT)212,1331,302005197Fruits - fr - noncitrus (MT)1,6091,4071,375,7131,199,531149149140,697136,311Ales - fresh (MT)690539412,371327,896272818,45317,300Berries - fresh (MT)6964122,494118,2225613,06112,821Cherries - fresh (MT)3938140,144114,03511798741Graes - fresh (MT)234217309,727279,173644970,97257,827Melons - fresh (MT)22021179,28980,71612235,2508,339Peaches - fresh (MT)1038092,73774,5409178,18314,925Pears - fresh (MT)12615776,05286,97315118,3826,700Plums - fresh (MT)724961,22449,16411119,12212,206Other noncitrus - fresh (MT)565281,67468,811446,4775,453Fruits - dried MT20322538475439001823224122835085Raisins - dried MT11512120395420007612112230017633Prunes - dried MT6871138398133659671285412545Other dried fruits MT213342403562834460734907Fruits - canned ex uice MT12514413438914354212141427213556Fruits - froz ex uice MT505063353670205562927418Other fruits - re or res MT6683936731064586784229569Fruit uices incl froz HL10455106586582906529837918694786354933Ale uice HL5113745905646626292827233750Grae uice HL8728116795165693957268865492Graefruit uice HL8047055552347173468434003955Orane uice (HL)5,6425,541305,310295,71540344921,14626,616Other fruit uices (HL)2,6263,227170,450197,77721823613,70815,121Wine (HL)1,9442,497368,160485,83319121738,75743,503Nuts & re (MT)5525511,501,4011,411,6616931207,73794,126Almonds (shelled basis) (MT)188203879,746772,7573716149,57362,380Filberts (MT)112020,74536,71600534398Peanuts, shelled or re (MT)220194221,415198,436181018,08510,579Pistachios (MT)193485,322141,5662110,5784,130Walnuts, shelled/unshelled (MT)8164195,234153,7919320,5857,484Pecans, shelled or unshelled (MT)111244,50155,474114,5396,362Other nuts, shelled or re (MT)222454,43952,921113,8422,794Veetables & re (NA)004,081,0114,167,91200309,064295,011Veetables - fresh (MT)1,7761,7551,000,4871,050,101959456,30750,554Asaraus - fresh (MT)151550,68845,43500864694Broccoli - fresh (MT)13012792,21590,866665,0544,981Carrots - fresh (MT)10011349,08758,136351,9812,708Cabbae - fresh (MT)434416,83020,79712358693Celer - fresh (MT)11712248,96148,460552,4302,052Cauliflower - fresh (MT)887757,82855,481442,8462,631Corn, sweet - fresh (MT)484221,46618,86310540289Cucumbers - fresh (MT)342316,59012,70511608405Garlic - fresh (MT)8713,07710,663112,0861,807Lettuce - fresh (MT)294304146,612173,69415178,6448,519Mushrooms - fresh (MT)6623,56017,971104,905789Onions and shallots - fresh (MT)21621972,46581,04219215,5665,827Peers - fresh (MT)625652,24056,805221,4731,503Potatoes - fresh MT2992967975388267141143603155Tomatoes - fresh MT15413412378312231712979247258Other fresh veetables MT1591721353331486018966707240Veetables - froz MT58063846334748833846523475840736Corn sweet frozen MT657756212630117652984998Potatoes - frozen MT41244430297631649431362208326492Other frozen veetables MT10211710415810883381073789246Veetables - canned MT46243737450035096435322815425221Pulses MT46461626191331899431521580722218Dried beans MT34545220742325967221391174017834Dried eas MT68115276493841651118073138Dried lentils (MT)524926,84220,906532,2591,247Hos, incl ho ext (MT)1110100,46289,133108,2224,166Other ve - re or res (NA)001,880,3021,870,38200165,816152,116Oilseeds & rods (MT)33,80835,96611,287,88510,983,7691,7521,369688,495439,405Oilcake & meal (MT)6,6718,6661,794,5301,974,75535929690,31651,040Bran, hulls, leum. ve. (MT)56236157,93229,67332453,3233,365Corn oilcake & meal (MT)1223515,8703,8551611,74580Sobean meal (MT)5,7838,1031,688,5621,914,40529122982,64843,725Other oilcake & meal (MT)20416832,16626,82320222,6003,868Oilseeds (MT)24,73524,2517,875,1626,817,7061,212879468,575240,252Raeseed (MT)9318829,17849,24410672,66615,917Safflower seeds (MT)483731,38615,097151,6132,002Sobeans (MT)24,02723,2876,950,0196,116,7651,159758335,366168,911Sunflowerseeds (MT)10314183,91796,342886,8335,913Peanuts, incl oilstock (MT)523744,68032,900514,2871,293Other oilseeds (MT)25341880,633117,70516285,0937,444Protein substances (MT)159144655,349389,6541312112,71738,772Veetable oils (MT)2,4023,0491,618,1932,191,308181193129,604148,114Sobean oil (MT)9241,396515,575881,449694940,56131,400Cottonseed oil (MT)1099468,28861,554443,2572,546Sunflower oil (MT)322370174,200240,6269105,6896,251Corn oil (MT)448507291,011374,976555035,95340,750Peanut oil (MT)656,6556,00800425351Raeseed oil (MT)13315875,15599,5089265,06814,958Safflower oil (MT)383846,36446,040343,7195,0303
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