DISPLACEMENT METHOD OF ANALYSIS:

SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATIONS

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General Case
Stiffness Coefficients
Stiffness Coefficients Derivation
Fixed-End Moments
Pin-Supported End Span
Typical Problems
Analysis of Beams
Analysis of Frames: No Sidesway
Analysis of Frames: Sidesway

Slope Deflection Equations

P

Cj

settlement = j

Mij

Mji

Degrees of Freedom
M

1 DOF:

2 DOF: ,

P
B

Stiffness

kAA

kBA

A
L
k AA =

4 EI
L

k BA =

2 EI
L

kBB

kAB

1
L
k BB =

4 EI
L

k AB =

2 EI
L

Fixed-End Forces
Fixed-End Moments: Loads
P
L/2

PL
8

L/2

PL
8

L
P
2

P
2

w
wL2
12
wL
2

wL2
12
wL
2

General Case

Cj

settlement = j

Mij

Mji

Mij

Mji

i
L

4 EI
2 EI
i +
j = M
ij
L
L

Mji =

2 EI
4 EI
i +
j
L
L

i
(MFij)

+
(MFji)
settlement = j

+
P
(MFij)Load

M ij = (

settlement = j

w
(MFji)Load

4 EI
2 EI
2 EI
4 EI
) i + (
) j + ( M F ij ) + ( M F ij ) Load , M ji = (
) i + (
) j + ( M F ji ) + ( M F ji ) Load 8
L
L
L
L

Equilibrium Equations
i

Cj

Cj M

Mji
Mji

jk

Mjk
j

+ M j = 0 : M ji M jk + C j = 0

Stiffness Coefficients
Mij

Mji

kii =

4 EI
L

k ji =

2 EI
L

k jj =

4 EI
L

kij =

2 EI
L

+
1

10

Matrix Formulation

M ij = (

4 EI
2 EI
) i + (
) j + ( M F ij )
L
L

M ji = (

2 EI
4 EI
) i + (
) j + ( M F ji )
L
L

M ij (4 EI / L) ( 2 EI / L) iI M ij F
M =
+ M F
EI
L
EI
L
(
2
/
)
(
4
/
)
j ji
ji

kii
k ji

[k ] =

kij
k jj

Stiffness Matrix
11

Mij

Mji

[ M ] = [ K ][ ] + [ FEM ]

([ M ] [ FEM ]) = [ K ][ ]

[ ] = [ K ]1[ M ] [ FEM ]

Mij

Mji

Fixed-end moment
Stiffness matrix matrix

+
(MFij)

(MFji)

[D] = [K]-1([Q] - [FEM])

+
(MFij)Load

(MFji)Load

Displacement
matrix

Force matrix

12

Stiffness Coefficients Derivation: Fixed-End Support

Mj

Mi

Real beam
i

Mi + M j
L

Mi + M j

L/3

M jL
2 EI

Mj
EI

Conjugate beam
Mi
EI

MiL
2 EI

M j L 2L
MiL L
)( ) + (
)( ) = 0
2 EI 3
2 EI 3
M i = 2 M j (1)

+ M 'i = 0 : (

+ Fy = 0 : i (

M L
MiL
) + ( j ) = 0 (2)
2 EI
2 EI

From (1) and (2);

4 EI
) i
L
2 EI
) i
Mj =(
L
Mi = (

13

Stiffness Coefficients Derivation: Pinned-End Support

Mi

i
i

L
Mi
L

2L
3

Mi
EI

i
+ M ' j = 0 : (

MiL
2 EI

M i L 2L
)( ) i L = 0
2 EI 3
ML
i = ( i )
3EI

i = 1 = (

Real beam

Mi
L

Conjugate beam

j
+ Fy = 0 : (

MiL
ML
) ( i ) + j = 0
3EI
2 EI

j =(
MiL
3EI
) Mi =
L
3EI

MiL
)
6 EI
14

Fixed end moment : Point Load

P Real beam

Conjugate beam
A

M
EI

M
EI

M
EI

ML
2 EI

ML
2 EI

P
PL2
16 EI

PL
4 EI

M
EI

PL2
16 EI

PL
ML ML 2 PL2
+ Fy = 0 :

+
= 0, M =
2 EI 2 EI 16 EI
8 15

P
PL
8

PL
8

L
P
2

P
2

P/2

PL/8

P/2

-PL/8

-PL/8
-

-PL/8

-PL/16
-

-PL/16
PL/4
+

-PL/8

PL PL PL PL
+
=
+
16
16
4
8

16

Uniform load
w

Real beam

Conjugate beam
A

B
M
EI

M
EI

M
EI

ML
2 EI

ML
2 EI

wL3
24 EI

wL2
8 EI

M
EI

wL3
24 EI

wL2
ML ML 2 wL3
+ Fy = 0 :

+
= 0, M =
2 EI 2 EI 24 EI
12 17

Settlements
Mi = Mj

Real beam

Mj

Conjugate beam

L
Mi + M j

M
EI

M
EI

Mi + M j
L
M
EI

ML
2 EI

ML
2 EI

M
EI

+ M B = 0 : (

ML L
ML 2 L
)( ) + (
)( ) = 0,
2 EI 3
2 EI 3
M=

6 EI
L2

18

Pin-Supported End Span: Simple Case

P

w
B

2 EI
4 EI
A +
B
L
L

4 EI
2 EI
A +
B
L
L

A
A

+
P

B
w
(FEM)BA

(FEM)AB
A
B
= 0 = (4 EI / L) A + (2 EI / L) B + ( FEM ) AB

(1)

M BA = 0 = (2 EI / L) A + (4 EI / L) B + ( FEM ) BA

( 2)

M AB

2(2) (1) : 2 M BA = (6 EI / L) B + 2( FEM ) BA ( FEM ) BA

M BA = (3EI / L) B + ( FEM ) BA

( FEM ) BA
2

19

Pin-Supported End Span: With End Couple and Settlement

P

MA

2 EI
4 EI
A +
B
L
L

4 EI
2 EI
A +
B
L
L

A
A

B
(MF BA)load

(MF AB)load
(MF

AB)

A
A

B
B

(MF BA)

4 EI
2 EI
F
F
A +
B + ( M AB
) load + ( M AB
) (1)
L
L
2 EI
4 EI
F
F
A +
B + ( M BA
)load + ( M BA
) (2)
M BA =
L
L
2(2) (1)
3EI
1
1
M
F
F
F
: M BA =
)load ( M AB
)load ] + ( M BA
) + A
B + [( M BA
2
2
2
2
L

M AB = M A =

E lim inate A by

20

Fixed-End Moments
Fixed-End Moments: Loads
P
PL
8

L/2

L/2

PL
8

L/2

PL 1
PL
3PL
+ ( )[(
)] =
8
2
8
16

P
L/2

wL2
12

wL2
12

wL2 1
wL2
wL2
)] =
+ ( )[(
12
2
12
8

21

Typical Problem

CB
w

P1

P2
C

A
B

L1

PL
8

PL
8

L2
wL2
12

L
0
PL
4 EI
2 EI
M AB =
A +
B + 0 + 1 1
8
L1
L1
0 EI
PL
2 EI
4
M BA =
A +
B + 0 1 1
8
L1
L1
0
2
P2 L2 wL2
4 EI
2 EI
M BC =
B +
C + 0 +
+
L2
L2
8
12
0
2
P2 L2 wL2
2 EI
4 EI
B +
C + 0 +

M CB =
8
12
L2
L2

wL2
12

22

CB
w

P1

P2
C

A
B

L1

L2

CB M
BC

MBA

M BA =
M BC

PL
2 EI
4 EI
A +
B + 0 1 1
8
L1
L1

P L wL
4 EI
2 EI
=
B +
C + 0 + 2 2 + 2
L2
L2
8
12

+ M B = 0 : C B M BA M BC = 0 Solve for B

23

P1
MAB

CB
w

MBA

A
L1

P2

MBC
L2

C M
CB

Substitute B in MAB, MBA, MBC, MCB

0
PL
4 EI
2 EI
A +
B + 0 + 1 1
M AB =
L1
L1
8
0 EI
PL
2 EI
4
M BA =
A +
B + 0 1 1
8
L1
L1
0
2
4 EI
2 EI
P2 L2 wL2
B +
C + 0 +
+
M BC =
8
12
L2
L2
0
2
P2 L2 wL2
2 EI
4 EI
B +
C + 0 +

M CB =
L2
L2
8
12

24

P1
MAB
A

Ay

CB
w

MBA
B

L1

P2
MCB

MBC
L2

Cy

By = ByL + ByR

P1
MAB

A
Ay

L1

MBA

ByL

P2

MBC
ByR

L2

C
MCB

Cy

25

Example of Beams

26

Example 1
Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and qualitative
deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.

10 kN

6 kN/m
C

A
4m

4m

6m

27

10 kN

6 kN/m
C

A
4m
PL
8

4m

6m
wL2
30

PL
8

wL2
20

FEM
MBA

MBC

[M] = [K][Q] + [FEM]

0

4 EI
2 EI
(10)(8)
A +
B +
8
8
8
0
2 EI
4 EI
(10)(8)
M BA =
A +
B
8
8
8
0
4 EI
2 EI
(6)(6 2 )
B +
C +
M BC =
6
6
30
0
2 EI
4 EI
(6)(6) 2
B +
C
M CB =
6
6
20
M AB =

+ M B = 0 : M BA M BC = 0
4 EI 4 EI
(6)(6 2 )
+
=0
(
) B 10 +
8
6
30
2.4
B =
EI
Substitute B in the moment equations:

MAB = 10.6 kNm,

MBC = 8.8 kNm

MBA = - 8.8 kNm,

MCB = -10 kNm 28

10 kN
8.8 kNm
10.6 kNm

6 kN/m
C

8.8 kNm
4m

4m

MAB = 10.6 kNm,

MBC = 8.8 kNm

MBA = - 8.8 kNm,

MCB= -10 kNm

10 kNm

6m

2m
18 kN

10 kN

6 kN/m
10.6 kNm

8.8 kNm B
10 kNm
8.8 kNm

Ay = 5.23 kN

ByL = 4.78 kN

ByR = 5.8 kN

Cy = 12.2 kN

29

10 kN
10.6 kNm

6 kN/m
C

A
4m

5.23 kN

4m

6m

10 kNm

12.2 kN

4.78 + 5.8 = 10.58 kN

V (kN)

5.8

5.23
+

x (m)

- 4.78

10.3
M
(kNm)

-10.6

Deflected shape

-12.2
+
-8.8

2.4
B =
EI

x (m)
-10
x (m)
30

Example 2
Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and qualitative
deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.
10 kN

6 kN/m
C

A
4m

4m

6m

31

10 kN

6 kN/m
C

A
4m
PL
8

4m

6m
wL2
30

PL
8

wL2
20

FEM
10
[M] = [K][Q] + [FEM]
0 4 EI
2 EI
(10)(8)
A +
B +
M AB =
(1)
8
8
8 10
2 EI
4 EI
(10)(8)
A +
B
(2)
M BA =
8
8
8
4 EI
2 EI 0 (6)(6 2 )
B +
C +
(3)
M BC =
6
6
30
2 EI
4 EI 0 (6)(6) 2
B +
C
(4)
M CB =
6
6
20
6 EI
2(2) (1) : 2 M BA =
B 30
8
3EI
B 15 (5)
M BA =
8

32

MBA

MBC
B

M BC

4 EI
(6)(6 2 )
=
B +
6
30

M CB =

2 EI
(6)(6)
B
6
20

(3)

Substitute A and B in (5), (3) and (4):

MBA = - 12.19 kNm

(4)

3EI
B 15 (5)
8
+ M B = 0 : M BA M BC = 0
M BA =

MBC = 12.19 kNm

MCB = - 8.30 kNm

3EI 4 EI
(6)(6 2 )
+
= 0 (6 )
(
) B 15 +
8
6
30
7.488
B =
EI

4 EI
2 EI
A +
B 10
8
8
23.74
A =
EI

Substitute B in (1) : 0 =

33

10 kN
12.19 kNm
A
4m

4m

6 kN/m
C

12.19 kNm
6m

8.30 kNm

MBA = - 12.19 kNm, MBC = 12.19 kNm, MCB = - 8.30 kNm

2m
10 kN
A

18 kN
B

B
12.19 kNm

6 kN/m
C

8.30 kNm

12.19 kNm
Ay = 3.48 kN

ByL = 6.52 kN

ByR = 6.65 kN

Cy = 11.35 kN

34

10 kN

6 kN/m
C

A
3.48 kN

4m

4m

6m

11.35 kN

6.52 + 6.65 = 13.17 kN

V (kN)

6.65

3.48

x (m)
- 6.52

-11.35

14
M
(kNm)

x (m)
-12.2

Deflected shape
23.74
A =
EI

B =

7.49
EI

-8.3
x (m)
35

Example 3
Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and qualitative
deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.

10 kN

4 kN/m
C

A
2EI
4m

B
4m

3EI
6m

36

10 kN

4 kN/m
C

A
2EI
(10)(8)/8
(10)(8)/8
4m
4m

0
M AB

3EI
B (4)(62)/12
6m

(4)(62)/12

10
4(2 EI )
2(2 EI )
(10)(8)
=
A +
B +
(1)
8
8
8 10

M BA =

2(2 EI )
4(2 EI )
(10)(8)
A +
B
8
8
15 8

(2)

2(2) (1)
3(2 EI )
(3 / 2)(10)(8)
: M BA =
B
( 2a )
2
8
8
12
4(3EI )
(4)(6 2 )
B +
(3)
M BC =
6
12

37

10 kN

4 kN/m
C

A
3EI
2EI
(3/2)(10)(8)/8 B (4)(62)/12
4m
6m
4m

(4)(62)/12

15
3(2 EI )
(3 / 2)(10)(8)
M BA =
B
( 2a )
8
8
12
2
4(3EI )
(4)(6 )
B +
(3)
M BC =
6
12
M BA M BC = 0 : 2.75EI B = 12 + 15 = 3

B = 1.091 / EI
3(2 EI ) 1.091
(
) 15 = 14.18 kN m
8
EI
4(3EI ) 1.091
(
) 12 = 14.18 kN m
=
6
EI
2(3EI )
=
B 12 = 10.91 kN m
6

M BA =
M BC
M CB

38

10 kN
A

2EI 14.18
4m

4 kN/m
C 10.91
B

14.18

3EI

6m

4m

MBA = - 14.18 kNm, MBC = 14.18 kNm, MCB = -10.91 kNm

10 kN
A

24 kN
B

4 kN/m

14.18 kNm
140.18 kNm

10.91 kNm
C

Ay = 3.23 kN

ByL = 6.73 kN

ByR = 12.55 kN

Cy = 11.46 kN

39

10 kN

4 kN/m
C 10.91 kNm

A
2EI

3.23 kN
4m

V (kN)

3.23

3EI
11.46 kN

6m

4m

6.77 + 12.55 = 19.32 kN

12.55
2.86
+
-6.73

x (m)
-11.46

12.91
M
(kNm)

5.53
+

+
-

-10.91
-14.18

Deflected shape

x (m)

B = 1.091/EI

x (m)

40

Example 4
Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and qualitative
deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.

10 kN 12 kNm

4 kN/m
C

A
2EI
4m

B
4m

3EI
6m

41

10 kN 12 kNm

4 kN/m
C

2EI
3EI
2
1.5PL/8 = 15 B wL /12 = 12 wL2/12 = 12
4m
6m
4m

M BA =

3(2 EI )
B 15 (1)
8

M BC =

4(3EI )
B + 12 (2)
6

2(3EI )
B 12 (3)
6
12 kNm
M
MBA
BA

M CB =

B MBC MBC
Jo int B : M BA M BC 12 = 0

-3.273/EI
4(2 EI )
2(3EI )
(10)(8)
A +
B +
M AB =
8
8
8
7.21
A =
EI
3.273
M BA = 0.75 EI (
) 15 = 17.45 kN m
EI
3.273
M BC = 2 EI (
) + 12 = 5.45 kN m
EI
3.273
M CB = EI (
) 12 = 15.27 kN m
EI
0

(0.75 EI 15) (2 EI B + 12) 12 = 0

B =

3.273
EI

42

3.273
) 15 = 17.45 kN m
EI
3.273
M BC = 2 EI (
) + 12 = 5.45 kN m
EI
3.273
M CB = EI (
) 12 = 15.27 kN m
EI
M BA = 0.75EI (

24 kN

10 kN

4 kN/m
A

5.45 kNm

2.82 kN

17.45 kNm
7.18 kN

10.36 kN

10 kN 12 kNm

2.82 kN

B
17.54 kN

13.64 kN

4 kN/m
C

15.27 kNm

15.27 kNm

13.64 kN
43

10 kN 12 kNm

4 kN/m
C 15.27 kNm

A
2.82 kN
4m

3EI

2EI

7.21
EI
3.273
B =
EI

B
17.54 kN
6m

4m

13.64 kN A =

10.36
V (kN)

2.82

3.41 m

-7.18
M
(kNm)

-13.64

11.28

7.98

+
-

x (m)
-

-5.45

-15.27

-17.45
Deflected shape
7.21
A =
EI

x (m)

x (m)

B =

3.273
EI

44

Example 5
Draw the quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and qualitative
deflected curve for the beam shown. Support B settles 10 mm, and EI is
constant. Take E = 200 GPa, I = 200x106 mm4.

10 kN

12 kNm

6 kN/m
B
C

A
3EI

2EI
4m

4m

10 mm

6m

45

10 kN

12 kNm

6 kN/m
B
C

A
3EI

2EI
6 EI
L2

4m

4m

6 EI
L2

[FEM]
PL
8

6 EI
L2

6m

6 EI
L2

PL
8

10 mm

wL
30

C
wL2
30

[FEM]load
-12
4(2 EI )
2(2 EI )
6(2 EI )(0.01) (10)(8)
M AB =
A +
B +
+
(1)
8
8
82
8
2(2 EI )
4(2 EI )
6(2 EI )(0.01) (10)(8)
M BA =
A +
B +

( 2)
8
8
82
8
0
4(3EI )
2(3EI )
6(3EI )(0.01) (6)(6 2 )
M BC =
B +
C
+
(3)
2
6
6
6
30
0
2(3EI )
4(3EI )
6(3EI )(0.01) (6)(6) 2
M CB =
B +
C

(4)
2
6
6
6
30

46

10 kN

12 kNm

6 kN/m
B
C

A
3EI

2EI
4m

4m

10 mm

6m

4(2 EI )
2(2 EI )
6(2 EI )(0.01) (10)(8)
A +
B +
+
(1)
8
8
82
8
2(2 EI )
4(2 EI )
6(2 EI )(0.01) (10)(8)
=
A +
B +

( 2)
8
8
82
8

M AB =
M BA

Substitute EI = (200x106 kPa)(200x10-6 m4) = 200x200 kN m2 :

4(2 EI )
2(2 EI )
A +
B + 75 + 10 (1)
8
8
2(2 EI )
4(2 EI )
=
A +
B + 75 10 (2)
8
8
16.5

M AB =
M BA

2(2) (1)
3(2 EI )
: M BA =
B + 75 (75 / 2) 10 (10 / 2) 12 / 2 (2a )
8
2
47

10 kN

12 kNm

6 kN/m
B
C

A
3EI

2EI
4m

4m

10 mm

6m

MBA = (3/4)(2EI)B + 16.5

MBC = (4/6)(3EI)B - 192.8
+ MB = 0: - MBA - MBC = 0
MBA

MBC
B

(3/4 + 2)EIB + 16.5 - 192.8 = 0

B = 64.109/ EI
Substitute B in (1):

A = -129.06/EI

Substitute A and B in (5), (3), (4):

MBA = 64.58 kNm,
MBC = -64.58 kNm
MCB = -146.69 kNm
48

10 kN

12 kNm

6 kN/m
B

146.69 kNm

A
64.58 kNm
4m

4m

64.58 kNm
6m

MBA = 64.58 kNm,

MBC = -64.58 kNm
2m

MCB = -146.69 kNm

12 kNm

18 kN

10 kN

64.58 kNm
B

146.69 kNm
B

Ay = 11.57 kN

ByL = -1.57 kN

6 kN/m

64.58 kNm

ByR = -29.21 kN

C
Cy = 47.21 kN

49

10 kN

12 kNm

6 kN/m
C

A
2EI

11.57 kN

3EI

4m

47.21 kN

6m

4m

A = -129.06/EI
B = 64.109/ EI

1.57 + 29.21 = 30.78 kN

11.57
+

V (kN)

1.57

x (m)
-

-29.21

M
(kNm)

12

58.29

146.69 kNm

-47.21

64.58

x (m)
-146.69

Deflected shape

x (m)
A = -129.06/EI

10 mm

B = 64.109/ EI

50

Example 6
For the beam shown, support A settles 10 mm downward, use the slope-deflection
method to
(a)Determine all the slopes at supports
(b)Determine all the reactions at supports
(c)Draw its quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and qualitative
deflected shape. (3 points)
Take E= 200 GPa, I = 50(106) mm4.

6 kN/m
B
2EI
3m

1.5EI

12 kNm
A

10 mm

3m

51

6 kN/m
B

2EI
3m
6(32 )
= 4.5
12
6(1.5 200 50)(0.01)
32
= 100 kN m

12 kNm
A

1.5EI

10 mm

3m
6 kN/m
4.5
C
C

MFw

A
0.01 m

MF

100 kN m

M CB =

4(2 EI )
C
3

M CA =

4(1.5EI )
2(1.5 EI )
C +
A + 4.5 + 100 (2)
3
3

12

M AC =

(1)

2(1.5EI )
4(1.5 EI )
C +
A 4.5 + 100 (3)
3
3

2(2) (2)
3(1.5EI )
3(4.5) 100 12
: M CA =
C +
+
+
3
2
2
2
2

( 2a )
52

6 kN/m
B
2EI
3m

1.5EI

12 kNm
A

10 mm

3m

4(2 EI )
C (1)
3
3(1.5 EI )
3(4.5) 100 12
=
C +
+
+
3
2
2
2

M CB =
M CA

MCB

MCA

( 2a )

Equilibrium equation:
M CB + M CA = 0

(8 + 4.5) EI
3(4.5) 100 12

+
+
+ =0
C
C
3
2
2
2
15.06
C =
= 0.0015 rad
EI
2(1.5 EI ) 15.06 4(1.5 EI )
Substitute C in eq.(3)
12 =
(
)+
A 4.5 + 100 (3)
EI
3
3
34.22
A =
= 0.0034 rad
EI

53

6 kN/m
B

2EI

12 kNm

1.5EI

3m

10 mm

3m

15.06
34.22
= 0.0015 rad A =
= 0.0034 rad
EI
EI
2(2 EI )
2( 2 EI ) 15.06
=
C =
(
) = 20.08 kN m
3
3
EI
4(2 EI )
4(2 EI ) 15.06
=
C =
(
) = 40.16 kN m
3
3
EI

C =
M BC
M CB

20.08 kNm
B
20.08 kN

40.16 kNm

40.16 + 20.08
= 20.08 kN
3
18 kN

6 kN/m
40.16 kNm

C
26.39 kN

12 kNm

8.39 kN

54

12 kNm

6 kN/m

C = 0.0015 rad

A = 0.0034 rad

2EI
3m
B

40.16 kNm

C
20.08 kN
40.16 kNm

V (kN)

6 kN/m

C
26.39 kN
26.39

12 kNm

Deflected shape

-20.08
20.08

12
-40.16

C = 0.0015 rad

8.39 kN
8.39
x (m)

+
M (kNm)

10 mm

3m

20.08 kNm
20.08 kN

1.5EI

x (m)

x (m)
A = 0.0034 rad

55

Example 7

For the beam shown, support A settles 10 mm downward, use the

slope-deflection method to
(a)Determine all the slopes at supports
(b)Determine all the reactions at supports
(c)Draw its quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and qualitative
deflected shape.
Take E= 200 GPa, I = 50(106) mm4.

6 kN/m
B
2EI
3m

1.5EI

12 kNm
A

10 mm

3m

56

12 kNm

6 kN/m
B

2EI
3m

C
B

6( 2 EI ) C 4 EI C
=
2
3
3

M BC
M CB
M CA =

2(2 EI )
4 EI
=
C
C
3
3
4(2 EI )
4 EI
=
C
C
3
3

1.5EI

10 mm

3m
EI C

C
C

4 EI C
3

6 kN/m
4.5

100
(1)

(2)

0.01 m

6(1.5 EI ) C
= EI C
2
3

6(32 )
= 4.5
12
6(1.5 200 50)(0.01)
32
= 100 kN m

4(1.5 EI )
2(1.5EI )
C +
A + EI C + 4.5 + 100 (3)
3
3

12
2(1.5 EI )
4(1.5 EI )
M AC =
C +
A + EI C 4.5 + 100 (4)
3
3
2(3) (4)
3(1.5 EI )
EI
3(4.5) 100 12
: M CA =
C + C +
+
+
(3a)
2
3
2
2
2
2

57

12 kNm

6 kN/m
B

2EI
3m

1.5EI
3m

18 kN

Equilibrium equation:

6 kN/m
MBC

B
By

C
(C y ) CB = (

MCB

MCA

M BC + M CB
(C y ) CA
)
3
MCB
MCA

(Cy)CB

10 mm

12 kNm

Ay
M + 12 + 18(1.5) M CA + 39
= CA
=
3
3
M C = 0 : M CB + M CA = 0 (1*)

C y = 0 : (C y ) CB + (C y ) CA = 0 (2*)

(Cy)CA

Substitute in (1*) 4.167 EI C 0.8333EI C = 62.15 (5)

Substitute in ( 2*) 2.5 EI C + 3.167 EI C = 101.75 (6)
From (5) and (6) C = 25.51 / EI = 0.00255 rad

C = 52.27 / EI = 5.227 mm

58

6 kN/m
B
2EI

3m

1.5EI

12 kNm
A

10 mm

3m

Solve equation

C =

25.51
= 0.00255 rad
EI

Substitute C and C in (1), (2) and (3a)

M BC = 35.68 kN m

52.27
C =
= 5.227 mm
EI

M CB = 1.67 kN m

Substitute C and C in (4)

A =

M CA = 1.67 kN m

2.86
= 0.000286 rad
EI

6 kN/m
35.68 kNm

B y = 18 5.55
= 12.45 kN

2EI
3m

1.5EI
3m

12 kNm
A

18(4.5) 12 35.68
6
= 5.55 kN

Ay =

59

6 kN/m
35.68 kNm

2EI

12.45 kN

3m

12 kNm
A

1.5EI

10 mm
5.55 kN

3m

V (kN) 12.45
C = 0.00255 rad
+

0.925 m
x (m)

C = 5.227 mm

-5.55

A = 0.000286 rad
M (kNm)

1.67

14.57
+

12

x (m)

-35.68
Deflected shape

C = 5.227 mm

C = 0.00255 rad

x (m)

A = 0.000286 rad

60

Example of Frame: No Sidesway

61

Example 6
For the frame shown, use the slope-deflection method to
(a) Determine the end moments of each member and reactions at supports
(b) Draw the quantitative bending moment diagram, and also draw the
qualitative deflected shape of the entire frame.
10 kN

12 kN/m
C

3m

B
3EI

40 kN
3m

2EI

A
1m

6m

62

10 kN

36/2 = 18

12 kN/m

Equilibrium equations

C
B

3m
40 kN
3m

A
1m

2EI 2
36
(wL /12 ) =36
PL/8 = 30
3EI
PL/8 = 30
6m

Slope-Deflection Equations
M AB =

M BA =
M BC

10
MBC
MBA
10 M BA M BC = 0 (1*)

Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*)

10 3EI B + 30 54 = 0

14 4.667
=
(3EI )
EI

2(3EI )
B + 30 (1)
6

B =

4(3EI )
B 30 (2)
6

Substitute B =

3( 2 EI )
B + 36 + 18 (3)
=
6

4.667
in (1) to (3)
EI

M AB = 25.33 kN m
M BA = 39.33 kN m
M BC = 49.33 kN m

63

10 kN

12 kN/m

20.58

C
3m

49.33
39.33
3EI

40 kN
3m

25.33

A
1m

2EI

10

-39.3

-49.33

MAB = 25.33 kNm

27.7

MBA = -39.33 kNm

-25.33

MBC = 49.33 kNm

6m

Bending moment diagram

12 kN/m

B
B

49.33
39.33

27.78 kN

B = -4.667/EI

40 kN
A

17.67 kN
25.33

Deflected curve

64

Example 7
Draw the quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams and qualitative
deflected curve for the frame shown. E = 200 GPa.
25 kN

5 kN/m

B
240(106) mm4
5m

180(106)

120(106) mm4

60(106) mm4

D
3m

3m

4m

65

25 kN
PL/8 = 18.75
18.75
B
240(106) mm4 C
5m

5 kN/m
180(106)
6.667+ 3.333

120(106) mm4

60(106) mm4

D
3m

3m

0
4(2 EI )
2(2 EI )
M AB =
A +
B
5
5
0
2(2 EI )
4(2 EI )
M BA =
A +
B
5
5
4( 4 EI )
2(4 EI )
M BC =
B +
C + 18.75
6
6
2(4 EI )
4(4 EI )
M CB =
B +
C 18.75
6
6
3( EI )
C
M CD =
5
3(3EI )
M CE =
C + 10
4

E
(wL2/12 ) = 6.667

4m
M BA + M BC = 0
8 16
8
( + ) EI B + ( ) EI C = 18.75 (1)
5 6
6
M CB + M CD + M CE = 0
16 3 9
8
( ) EI B + ( + + ) EI C = 8.75 (2)
6 5 4
6
From (1) and (2) : B =

5.29
EI

C =

2.86
EI
66

Substitute B = -1.11/EI, c = -20.59/EI below

4(2 EI ) 0 2(2 EI )
M AB =
A +
B
5
5
0
2(2 EI )
4(2 EI )
M BA =
A +
B
5
5
4( 4 EI )
2(4 EI )
M BC =
B +
C + 18.75
6
6
2(4 EI )
4(4 EI )
B +
C 18.75
M CB =
6
6
3( EI )
C
M CD =
5
3(3EI )
C + 10
M CE =
4

MAB = 4.23 kNm

MBA = 8.46 kNm
MBC = 8.46 kNm
MCB = 18.18 kNm
MCD = 1.72 kNm
MCE = 16.44 kNm

67

MAB = -4.23 kNm, MBA = -8.46 kNm, MBC = 8.46 kNm, MCB = -18.18 kNm,
MCD = 1.72 kNm, MCE = 16.44 kNm
20 kN

25 kN

16.44 kNm
3m
3m C
C
2.54 kN B
2.54 kN 2.54-0.34
=2.2 kN
8.46 kNm
18.18 kNm
(20(2)+16.44)/4
(25(3)+8.46-18.18)/6
14.12 kN
= 14.11 kN
= 10.88 kN
10.88 kN
B

8.46 kNm
(8.46 + 4.23)/5
= 2.54 kN

5m

E 2.2 kN
5.89 kN

14.12+14.11=28.23 kN
1.72 kNm
(1.72)/5 = 0.34 kN
B

5m
2.54 kN

0.34 kN

4.23 kNm
10.88 kN

28.23 kN

68

24.18
1.29 m 2.33 m

14.11

10.88

1.18 m

-2.54

2.82 m

-14.12

-2.54

0.78 m

-8.46

-5.89 -8.46 +

-18.18

0.34

4.23

Shear diagram
0.78 m

3.46

1.72

1.18 m

-16.44

1.67m
Moment diagram

1.29 m 2.33 m

B = 5.29/EI

1.18 m

C = 2.86/EI
1.67m
Deflected curve

69

Example of Frames: Sidesway

70

Example 8
Determine the moments at each joint of the frame and draw the quantitative
bending moment diagrams and qualitative deflected curve . The joints at A and
D are fixed and joint C is assumed pin-connected. EI is constant for each member
3m
1m

B
10 kN

3m
A

71

 Overview
Unknowns

B
1m
10 kN

B and
Boundary Conditions

3m
MAB
Ax
3m

A
Ay

A = D = 0

MDC
D D

Equilibrium Conditions

- Joint B

Dy

B
MBA

MBC

M B = 0 : M BA + M BC = 0 (1*)

- Entire Frame
+

Fx = 0 : 10 Ax Dx = 0 (2*)

72

(0.375EI)

1m

B
10 kN
(5.625)load

MAB

C
(0.375EI)

10 kN

4m

4m

3m
(1.875)load

(0.375EI)

(1/2)(0.375EI)
(0.375EI)

Ax

Dx

3m

MBA

Slope-Deflection Equations
0.375EI
5.625
2
2( EI )
10(3)(1 ) 6 EI
M AB =
B +
+ 2
(1)
4
42
4
5.625
0.375EI
2
4( EI )
10(3 )(1) 6 EI
M BA =
B
+ 2
(2)
4
42
4

M BC =

3( EI )
B
3

(3)

1
M DC = 0.375EI 0.375EI = 0.1875EI (4)
2

MDC

+ M B = 0 :
( M AB + M BA )
4
Ax = 0.375EI B + 0.1875EI + 1.563 (5)
Ax =

+ M C = 0 :
Dx =

M DC
= 0.0468EI (6)
4

73

Equilibrium Conditions:
M BA + M BC = 0 (1*)

10 Ax Dx = 0 (2*)

Solve equation
Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*)
2EI B + 0.375EI = 5.625 ----(7)

Slope-Deflection Equations:
Substitute (5) and (6) in (2*)
2( EI )
M AB =
B + 5.625 + 0.375EI (1)
0.375EI B 0.235EI = 8.437 (8)
4
4( EI )
M BA =
B 5.625 + 0.375EI (2) From (7) and (8) can solve;
4
5.6
44.8
3( EI )

=
B
M BC =
B (3)
EI
EI
3
5.6
44.8
M DC = 0.1875EI (4)
Substitute B =
and =
in (1)to (6)
EI
EI
Horizontal reaction at supports:
Ax = 0.375EI B + 0.1875EI + 1.563 (5)
Dx = 0.0468EI (6)

MAB = 15.88 kNm

MBA = 5.6 kNm
MBC = -5.6 kNm
MDC = 8.42 kNm
Ax = 7.9 kN
Dx = 2.1 kN

74

B
1m
10 kN

MAB = 15.88 kNm, MBA = 5.6 kNm,

MBC = -5.6 kNm, MDC = 8.42 kNm,
Ax = 7.9 kN, Dx = 2.1 kN,

5.6

3m
8.42
D 2.1 kN

15.88
7.9 kN
3m

5.6

7.8

= 44.8/EI
C

= 44.8/EI

5.6

15.88

8.42

Bending moment diagram

B = -5.6/EI

D
Deflected curve

75

Example 9
From the frame shown use the slope-deflection method to:
(a) Determine the end moments of each member and reactions at supports
(b) Draw the quantitative bending moment diagram, and also draw the
qualitative deflected shape of the entire frame.
B

C
2 EI

10 kN
2m

pin

4m

2.5 EI

EI

D
4m

3m

76

 Overview
B 2EI
B

10 kN
2m
A

EI
MAB
Ax
Ay

4m

CD

C
BC

2.5EI

Unknowns

B and
MDC

Boundary Conditions

Dx

D
3m

4m

A = D = 0

Dy

Equilibrium Conditions
- Joint B
B
MBA

MBC

M B = 0 : M BA + M BC = 0 (1*)

- Entire Frame
+

Fx = 0 : 10 Ax Dx = 0 (2*)

77

 Slope-Deflection Equation
C
B
CD
BC
5
B 2EI C
10 kN
36.87
4m
2.5EI
EI
2m
PL/8 = 5
D
A
4m
3m
0.375EI
B

= / cos 36.87 = 1.25

C
CD
BC = tan 36.87 = 0.75
36.87

2( EI )
B + 0.375EI + 5 (1)
4
(6)(2.5EI)(1.25)/(5)2 = 0.75EI
4( EI )
M
=
B + 0.375EI 5 (2)
C
BA
4
CD= 1.25
3(2 EI )
C
M BC =
B 0.2813EI (3)
4
M AB =

M DC = 0.375EI (4)

D
0.75EI

6EI/(4)

2=

0.375EI

0.5625EI
B

B
(1/2) 0.5625EI

C
C

(1/2) 0.75EI

(6)(2EI)(0.75)/(4) 2 = 0.5625EI
BC= 0.75
78

 Horizontal reactions
B

2 EI

pin
C

10 kN
2m

4m

2.5 EI

EI

D
4m

3m
MBC

MBA

B
10 kN

C
MBC

MBC

4
C

Ax = (MBA+ MAB-20)/4 -----(5)

MAB
D

Dx= (MDC-(3/4)MBC)/4 ---(6)

MDC

MBC/4

79

Equilibrium Conditions:
M BA + M BC = 0 (1*)

10 Ax Dx = 0 (2*)
Slope-Deflection Equation:

Solve equations
Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*)
2.5EI B + 0.0938 EI 5 = 0 (7)

Substitute (5) and (6) in (2*)

2( EI )
6 EI
0.0938EI B + 0.334EI 5 = 0 (8)
B + 5 + 2
(1)
4
4
From (7) and (8) can solve;
6 EI
4( EI )
M BA =
B 5 + 2
(2)
4
4
1.45
14.56

=
B
3(2 EI )
3(2 EI )(0.75)
EI
EI
M BC =
B

(
3
)
2
4
4
1.45
14.56
3(2.5EI )(1.25)
Substitute B =
and =
in (1)to (6)
M DC =

(
4
)
EI
EI
52
Horizontal reactions at supports:
MAB = 15.88 kNm
MBA = 5.6 kNm
( M BA + M AB 20)
(5)
Ax =
MBC = -5.6 kNm
4
MDC = 8.42 kNm
3
Ax = 7.9 kN
M DC M BC
4
Dx =
(6)
Dx = 2.1 kN
4
80
M AB =

1.91

1.91
B
2 EI

pin
C

10 kN
2m

MAB = 11.19 kNm

MBA = 1.91 kNm
MBC = -1.91 kNm

2.5 EI
EI
11.19 kNm
8.27 kN
0.478 kN
4m

5.46

4m
1.73

MDC = 5.46 kNm

Ax = 8.28 kNm
Dx = 1.72 kNm

0.478 kN

3m

B
1.91

1.91

5.35
A

B=1.45/EI

B=1.45/EI
11.19

5.46
D

Bending-moment diagram

D
Deflected shape

81

Example 10
From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams, and
qualitative deflected curve.
3m

20 kN/m
B

pin
C

3EI
3m

2EI
4m

4EI
A
D

82

 Overview
Unknowns

3m

20 kN/m

B
3EI
2EI

B and

Boundary Conditions
4EI

A = D = 0

4m

Equilibrium Conditions
- Joint B

A
[FEM]load

3m

MBA

MBC

M B = 0 : M BA + M BC = 0 (1*)

- Entire Frame
+

Fx = 0 : 60 Ax Dx = 0 (2*)

83

 Slope-Deflection Equation
B

20 kN/m

3m

6(2EI)/(3)
= 1.333EI

3EI
= 15

wL2/12
2EI

4EI

6(2EI)/(3) 2
= 1.333EI
A

A
[FEM]load

M BA

1.5EI

4m

wL2/12 = 15

M AB

3m

(1/2)(1.5EI)

6(4EI)/(4) 2
= 1.5EI

[FEM]

D
4(2 EI )
2(2 EI )
=
A +
B + 15 + 1.333EI = 1.333EI B + 15 + 1.333EI ----------(1)
3
3
0
2( 2 EI )
4(2 EI )
=
A +
B 15 + 1.333EI = 2.667 EI B 15 + 1.333EI ----------(2)
3
3
3(3EI )
B = 3EI B ----------(3)
3
0
3( 4 EI )
=
D + 0.75 EI = 0.75 EI ----------(4)
4

M BC =
M DC

84

 Horizontal reactions
MAB
C
B
1.5 m

+ M B = 0 :

60 kN

4m
1.5 m

M BA + M AB + 60(1.5)
3
Ax = 1.333EI B + 0.889 EI + 30 (5)
Ax =

A
Ax
MBA

Dx
MDC

+ MC = 0:
Dx =

M DC
= 0.188EI (6)
4

85

Equilibrium Conditions
M BA + M BC = 0 (1*)

60 Ax Dx = 0 (2*)
Equation of moment
M AB = 1.333EI B + 15 + 1.333EI (1)
M BA = 2.667 EI B 15 + 1.333EI (2)
M BC = 3EI B

(3)

M DC = 0.75 EI ( 4)

Horizontal reaction at support

Ax = 1.333EI B + 0.889 EI + 30 (5)

Dx = 0.188EI (6)

Solve equation
Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*)
5.667 EI B + 1.333EI = 15 (7)

Substitute (5) and (6) in (2*)

1.333EI B 1.077 EI = 30 (8)

From (7) and (8), solve equations;

B =

5.51
EI

34.67
EI

34.67
5.51
and =
EI
EI
M AB = 53.87 kN m
M BA = 16.52 kN m
M BC = 16.52 kN m

Substitute B =

in (1)to (6)

M DC = 26.0 kN m

Ax = 53.48 kN
Dx = 6.52 kN

86

3m

20 kN/m

C
3m

M AB = 53.87 kN m
M BA = 16.52 kN m
M BC = 16.52 kN m

53.87 kNm 4m

M DC = 26.0 kN m

16.52 kNm

Ax = 53.48 kN

53.48 kN
A

5.55 kN

26 kNm

Dx = 6.52 kN

6.52 kN

5.55 kN
16.52
16.52

53.87
A
Moment diagram

26.
D

A
Deflected shape
D

87