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CHNG 1 TNG QUAN V TRM TRN B TNG TI 1.1. Khi nim v b tng ti B tng l loi vt liu nhn to c to ra bng cch to hnh v lm rn hn hp c la chn hp l ca xi mng, nc, ct liu (ct, , dm, si,..) v ph gia. 1.1.1. Cc thnh phn v b tng

a) Xi mng Xi mng kt hp vi nc to thnh h xi mng xen gia cc ht ct liu, ng thi to ra tnh linh ng ca b tng (c o bng st nn) Mc ca xi mng c chn phi ln hn mc ca b tng cn sn xut, s phn b gia cc ht ct liu v tnh cht ca n nh hng n cng ca b tng. Bnh thng h xi mng lp y phn rng gia cc ht ct liu v y chng ra xa nhau mt cht (vi c li bng 243 ln ng knh ht xi mng) Trong trng hp ny pht huy c vai tr ca ct liu nn cng ca b tng kh cao v yu cu ct liu cao hn cng b tng khong 1.5 ln. Khi b tng cha lng h xi mng ln, cc ht ct liu b y ra xa nhau hn n mc hu nh khng c tc dng tng h nhau. Khi cng ca , xi mng v cng ca vng tip xc ng vai tr quyt nh n cng b tng nn yu cu ct liu thp hn. Ty yu cu ca loi b tng c th dng cc loi xi mng khc nhau, c th xng xi mng pooclng, xi mng pooclng bn sunfat, xi mng puzlan v cc ha cht kt dnh khc tha mn yu cu ca chng trnh. b) Ct Ct lm b tng c th l ct thin nhin hay ct nhn to c ht t

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(0,14 5) mm theo tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN), t (0,15 4,75) mm theo tiu chun M. Lng ct khi trn vi xi mng v nc, ph gia phi c tnh ton hp l, nu nhiu ct qu th tn xi mng khng kinh t v nu t ct qu th cng b tng gim.

c) dm Si c mt trn, nhn, rng v din tch mt ngoi nh nn cn t nc, tn xi mng m vn d m, d nhng lc dnh bm vi va xi mng nh nn cng b tng si thp hn b tng dm. Ngc li dm p v c nhiu gc cnh, din tch mt ngoi ln v khng nhn nn lc dnh bm vi va xi mng ln to ra c b tng c cng cao hn. Tuy nhin mc ca xi mng dm phi cao hn hay bng mc ca b tng to ra hay b tng cn sn xut. d) Nc Nc trn b tng (ra ct liu, nho trn v sinh bung my, bo dng b tng) phi m bo khng nh hng xu n thi gian ng kt v thi gian rn chc ca xi mng v khng n mn thp. Nc sinh hot c th sng c. Lng nc nho trn l yu t quan trng quyt nh tnh cng tc ca hn hp b tng. Lng nc dng trong nh trn bao gm lng nc to h xi mng v lng nc do ct liu. Lng nc trong b tng xc nh tnh cht ca hn hp b tng. Khi lng nc qu t, di tc dng ca lc ht phn t nc ch hp th trn b mt vt rn m cha to ra lu ng ca hn hp, lng nc tng n mt gii hn no s xut hin nc t do, mng nc trn mt vt rn dy thm, ni ma st gim xung, lu ng tng thm,lng nc ng vi lc b tng c lu ng ln nht m khng b phn tng gi l kh nng gi nc ca hn hp. e) Ph gia Ph gia l cc cht v c hoc ha hc khi cho vo b tng s ci thin tnh cht ca hn hp b tng hoc b tng ct thp. C nhiu

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loi ph gia cho b tng ci thin tnh do, cng thi gian rn chc hoc tng chng thm. Thng thng ph gia thng c hai loi: Loi rn v nhanh v loi hot ng mt. Ph gia rn nhanh thng l loi mui gc CaCl2 hay mui Silic. Do l cht xc tc v tng nhanh qu trnh thy ha ca C3S v C2S m ph gia CaCl2 c kh nng rt ngn qu trnh rn chc ca b tng trong iu kin t nhin m khng lm gim cng b tng tui 28 ngy. Hin nay ngi ta s dng lo ph gia a chc nng, l hn hp ca ph gia rn nhanh v ph gia hot ng b mt hoc cc ph gia tng bn nc Thnh phn vt liu ca b tng ng vai tr quyt nh n cht lng hay quyt nh n cng chu lc cng nh mc ca b tng. T thc nghim ngi ta xc nh c mc ca b tng ng vi tng loi vt liu nht nh vi mt t l xc nh, ngc li t mc ca b tng ngi ta d dng tra c t l thnh phn trong b tng. 1.1.2. Phn loi b tng B tng c rt nhiu loi, ty theo tng yu cu tiu chun khc nhau ngi ta chia lm cc loi khc nhau nh sau: + Theo cng B tng thng c cng t 150400 daN/cm2 B tng cht lng cao c cng t 5001400daN/cm2 + Theo loi cht kt dnh B tng xi mng, b tng silicat, b tng thch cao, b tng polime, b tng c bit. + Theo loi ct liu B tng ct liu c bit, b tng ct liu rng, b tng ct liu c bit, b tng ct kim loi. + Theo khi lng th tch

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+ theo phm vi s dng B tng thng c dng trong kt cu b tng ct thp (mng, ct, dm, sn). B tng thy cng dng xy dng p. B tng c bit, b tng chu nhit, b tng chng phng x. 1.1.3. Mt s tnh cht c th ca b tng Cng ca b tng. Cng ca b tng l cng rn ca b tng chng li cc lc t ngoi khng b ph hoi. Cng ca b tng phn nh kh nng chu lc ca n. Cng ca b tng ph thuc v tnh cht ca xi mng, t l nc v xi mng, phng php b tng v iu kin ng cng. c trng c bn ca cng b tng l mc hay cn gi l s liu . Mc b tng k hiu l M, l cng chu nn tnh theo (N/cm2) ca mu b tng tiu chun hnh khi lp phng, kch thc cnh 15cm, tui 28 ngy c dng h v th nghim theo iu kin chun (to 20oC) m khng kh W =90100%. Tnh co n ca b tng Trong qu trnh rn chc, b tng thng pht sinh bin dng th tch n ra trong nc v co li trong khng kh. V gi tr tuyt i co ln hn n 10 ln mt gii hn no , co n c th lm tt hn cu trc ca b tng cn hin tng co ngt lun ko theo hu qu xu. B tng b co ngt do nhiu nguyn nhn: Trc ht l do s mt nc hoc xi mng, qu trnh Cacbon ha Hydroxit trong xi mng. Hin tng gim th tch tuyt i ca xi mng nc. Co ngt l nguyn nhn gy nt, gim cng , chng thm v n nh ca b tng, v b tng ct thp trong mi trng xm thc. V vy i vi nhng cng trnh c chiu di ln, trnh nt ngi ta phn on to thnh cc khe co gin. Tnh chng thm

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Tnh chng thm ca b tng c trng bi thm thu ca nc qua kt cu b tng. cht ca b tng nh hng quyt nh n tnh chng thm ca n. tng cng tnh chng thm phi nng cao cht ca b tng bng cch m k, la chn tt thnh phn cp phi ht ca ct liu, gim t l nc, xi mng v tr s ti thiu. Ngoi ra tng tnh chng thm ngi ta cn trn b tng vi mt s cht ph gia. Qu trnh ng cng ca b tng Ph thc vo qu trnh ng cng ca xi mng, thi gian ng kt bt u khng sm hn 45 pht... V vy sau khi trn b tng xong cn phi ngay trnh hin tng va xi mng b ng cng trc khi thi gian t lc b tng ra khi my trn n lc xong 1 lp b tng (khng c tnh ph gia) khng qu 90 khi xi mng pooclang khng qu 110, khi dng xi mng pooclang x, tro ni la, xi mng puzolan. Thi gian vn chuyn b tng ( k t lc b tng ra khi my trn ) n c vo khun v khng lu nn qu lm cho va b tng b phn tng. 1.1.4. ng dng c th ca b tng Nhng cng trnh xy dng khc nhau cn c nhng loi b tng khc nhau thch ng vi mi trng xung quanh. V d nh b tng dng xy dng nh cao tng cn cht lng cao, kh nng chu nn tt, b tng dng c cc tr cu cn phi c cht ph gia chng ng v phi c bn cao trong mi trng nc. Do b tng s c nhng loi khc nhau ty thuc vo mc ch s dng. Loi b tng c xc nh da vo t l pha trn cc thnh phn. Xc nh thnh phn ct, Xc nh loi xi mng. Xc nh t l nc, ph gia. V vy iu khin mt h thng trn thc t cn phi kt hp nhiu vn t c kh, k thut xy dng n iu khin t ng

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1.2. Tng quan v trm trn b tng ti

Hnh 1.1 Trm trn b tng 60 m3/h

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1.2.1.

Phn loi trm trn b tng ti

Da theo nng sut, ngi ta chia cc ni sn xut b tng thnh ba loi nh sau: Trm b tng nng sut nh (1030 m3 /h) Trm trn b tng nng sut trung bnh (3060 m3 /h) Nh my sn sut b tng nng sut ln (60120 m3/h) C 2 dng trm trn: a) Trm c nh Trm phc v cho cng tc xy dng mt vng lnh th ng thi cung cp b tng phc v trong phm vi bn knh lm vic hiu qu. Thit b ca trm c b tr theo dng thp, mt cng on c ngha l vt liu c a ln cao mt ln, thao tc cng ngh c tin hnh. Thng vt liu c a ln cao t (1820) m so vi mt t, cha trong cc phu xi mng (cha trong sil) Trong qu trnh dch chuyn xung chng c i qua cn nh lng sau a vo my trn. im cui cng ca ca x b tng phi cao hn ming ca nhn ca thit b nhn b tng. Trong dy chuyn c th lp t bt c loi my trn b tng no ch cn chng m bo mi tng quan v nng sut vi cc thit b khc. phc v cho cng tc b tng yu cu khi lng ln, tp trung, ng x vn hnh thun li, c ly vn chuyn di 30km th s dng trm ny l kinh t nht. Trong trng hp va c cc cng trnh tp trung yu cu khi lng ln, va c cc im xy dng phn tn c trng cho cc th Vit Nam cn s dng s hn hp, va cp hn hp kh cho cc cng trnh nh, phn tn ng x lu thng km. Nu cung cp b tng th phi dng t trn cn cung cp hn hp kh th vic trn s tin hnh trn ng vn chuyn hay ti ni b tng.

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b) Trm tho lp di chuyn c Dng ny c th tho lp di chuyn d dng, di ng phc v mt s vng hay cng trnh ln trong mt thi gian nht nh. Thit b cng ngh ca trm thng c b tr dng hai hay nhiu cng on, ngha l vt liu c a ln cao nh cc thit b t nht l hai ln. Thng trong giai on ny phn nh lng ring v phn trn ring, gia hai phn c ni vi nhau bng thit b vn chuyn (gu vn chuyn, bng ti xe, xe vn chuyn). Vt liu c a ln cao ln u nh my xc, gu xc bng chuyn vo cc phu ring bit sau l qu trnh nh lng. Tip theo vt liu c a ln cao ln na vo my trn. Cng nh dng trn, trong dy chuyn c th lp bt c loi my trn no min l m bo mi tng quan v nng sut v ch lm vic ca cc thit b khc. Ca x phi cao hn ca nhn b tng ca thit b vn chuyn (nu thp cao hn phi a ln cao mt ln na). So vi dng c nh loi ny c cao nh hn nhiu (t 7m10m) nhng li chim mt bng kh ln. Phn din tch dnh cho khu vc nh lng, phn din tch dnh cho trn b tng v phn ni gia hai khu vc dnh cho vn chuyn. Trn thc t, tng mt bng cho loi tr ny nh hn v chng c sn lng nh hn nn bi cha cng nh hn. Khi xy dng cc cng trnh phn tn b tng, ng xu, lu thng xe khng tt thng s dng cc trm trn di ng hoc cung cp kh trn cc t trn. Vic trn c tin hnh trn ng vn chuyn hay ti ni b tng. 1.2.2. Cu to ca trm trn b tng ti Mt trm trn b tng gm 3 b phn chnh: Bi cha ct liu, h thng my trn b tng v h thng cung cp in. a) Bi cha ct liu

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Bi cha ct liu l mt khong t trng dng cha ct liu (ct, to nh) y ct, to, nh c cht thnh ng ring bit Yu cu i vi bi cha ct liu phi rng v thun tin cho vic chuyn ch cng nh ly ct liu b) H thng my trn b tng H thng my trn b tng bao gm h thng thng cha lin kt vi h thng nh lng dng xc nh chnh xc t l cc loi nguyn vt liu cu to nn b tng. Bng ti dng a ct liu vo thng trn v gm my bm nc, my bm ph gia, sil cha xi mng, vt ti xi mng, thng trn b tng, h thng kh nn Gia cc b phn c cc thit b nng, vn chuyn v phu cha trung gian c) H thng cung cp in. Trm trn b tng s dng nhiu ng c c cng sut ln v vy trm trn b tng cn c mt h thng cung cp in ph hp cung cp cho cc ng c v nhiu thit k khc. 1.2.3. Nguyn l hot ng trm trn b tng ti T cc nguyn vt liu xy dng sn xut ra sn phm cui cng l b tng ta cn thc hin cc cng vic sau: Ct liu c ring bit bi cha ct liu. Ct liu c my xc lt a ln y cc thng phu ring r, ch x xung bng ti vn chuyn ln cc thng cn ct liu, xi mng a ln sil cha xi mng trn cao. Nc c bm ln y cc thng cha ch cn nh lng. a) Kim tra cc iu kin lm vic bt u mt qu trnh hot ng mi, trnh trng hp c qu trnh hot ng trc (chng hn nh s c) . Trong thng cn nc, cn ph gia, cn xi mng, thng trn vn cha x ht nguyn liu. Ti bn iu khin ngi vn hnh n nt Reset : M ca x b tng M ca x thng cn ct M ca x thng cn

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M ca x thng cn xi mng M ca x thng cn nc, ph gia. Lc ny mi cho php h thng lm vic . Sau khi qu trnh chun b xong. T my tnh ngi vn hnh nhp cc thng s ca mc b tng nh: khi lng ct, 1, 2, xi mng, nc, ph gia, s m v cc d liu qun l hnh chnh nh tn li xe, bin s xe, ngy, gi xut hnh Sau ti t iu khin ngi vn hnh chn ch cho my l t ng hay bng tay. Nu l ch t dng ngi vn hnh nhn Auto, nu l ch bng tay th nhn nt Manual b) Ch iu khin t ng ch iu khin t ng ngi vn hnh ch nhn nt Start trn bn iu khin. ng c trn b tng cho chy ch khng ti. My s t ng cn o cc khi lng nguyn vt liu, y thc hin phng php cn ring l. M van x ct, ct c x xung bng ti a ln thng cn. ng thi cng x a ln thng cn. Trong qu trnh cn ct liu ng thi cn lun xi mng, nc v ph gia. Xi mng t sil cha a vo thng cn nh vt ti, khi khi lngxi mng bng khi lng t th dng ng c vt ti. Nc, ph gia c bm ln a vo thng cn cho n khi bng khi lng t th dng ng c bm nc v ph gia. Khi iu kin thng trn rng, ca x thng trn ng, th ct liu v xi mng c a vo thng trn b tng bt u qu trnh trn kh. Sau thi gian trn kh l 30s th x nc v ph gia vo trn, bt u thi gian trn t l 30s (thi gian trn mt m khong 60s) th ca x thng trn m ra, b tng c x v xe chuyn dng. Sau thi gian x khong 10s, ng ca x b tng li. Kt thc mt m trn chun b cho m trn mi th trong qu trnh trn b tng v sau khi x nguyn liu: ct, , nc, xi mng v ph gia tip tc c vn chuyn ln thng cn ngha l khi s m trn cha bng s m t th sau khi x ct liu v xi mng xong s tip tc quay li thc hin

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cn ct liu xi mng. Khi x nc v ph gia xong cng t ng quay li cn nc, ph gia. Khi cn th dng li ch m tip theo. Khi s m bng s m t th dng ht qu trnh cn li. c) Ch iu khin bng tay ch iu khin bng tay, ngi vn hnh gt cng tc cn vt liu xung OFF, quan st s liu cn bng thit b hin th trn bn iu khin hoc quan st trn mn hnh phn mm. Nhn nt chy ng c trn. a tay gt sang ch hot ng bng tay, gt chuyn mch ng m ca x sang v tr Stop, khi cn iu khin, gt chuyn mch sang v tr ng hoc m ca x ng, m ca x. Nhn nt cp ct cp, , ng thi cp lun xi mng, nc, ph gia. Ngi vn hnh theo di s cn hin th trn my tnh, khi nhn vo mt ln na cc nt dng qu trnh cp. Khi ct liu c cp a chng vo thng trn. Lc ny nhn nt x ct liu ng thi nhn nt x xi mng. Do ng c trn lun chy trong qu trnh hot ng nn sau khi x xong ct liu, xi mng coi nh my ang trn b tng kh, thi gian trn t c bt u tnh khi x nc v ph gia. Sau khi trn t m b tng c hon thnh, ngi vn hnh ch vic nhn nt x b tng. Khng chuyn mch ng m ca x v tr t ng v khi c th b tng s b x ttheo ch t ng trong khhi cha cn nc hoc xi mng. 1.3. Yu cu chung v trm trn Ngy nay khoa hc pht trin cc ngnh cng nghip ha c p dng k thut tin tin p ng c nhu cu ca thi i v vy yu cu ca trm trn b tng ti l phi p ng nhanh v lng b tng cng nh phi c kh nng linh hot to ra nhiu mac b tong p ng nhu cu cho khch hng. gii quyt c vn ny i hi ngi thit k phi tm hiu su v cng ngh, phi bit an xen linh hot cc cng vic cn lm sao

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cho trong cng mt lc my trn b tng c th lm vic c nhiu nht. V d: Trong thi gian cn ct liu my cng cp v cn lun xi mng, nc, ph gia. Thng cc cng vic cp cn ny c thc hin trong lc my ang trn kh hoc trn t b tng. Ngoi ra b tng trn c nhiu hn, nhm gim nhiu thi gian trn, ta x ht ct liu v xi mng cng mt lc my trn kh sau x nc v ph gia ri trn t lm nh vy nguyn vt liu c phn b u hn. Do thi gian trn mt m b tng trn thc t l t 25s 60s. c th trn c nhiu loi b tng cht lng cao vi mc xi mng thp hn. Cn c cc bng biu v s liu b tng sn sng, chnh xc s dng khi my tnh truyn s liu b hng m bo trm trn c th hot ng c lin tc. Theo quy chun xy dng, sai s cho php khi nh lng vt liu khng vt qu 1% (theo trng lng) i vi nc v xi mng khng qu 2% (theo trng lng) i vi ct v dm hoc si. p ng c yu cu trn i hi cng ngh v thit b hin i vi h s tin cy rt cao. V vy, hot ng ca h thng nh lng vt liu quyt nh cht lng ca b tng thnh phm. t cc cm bin trng lng ti cc v tr thch hp thu c c ng gi tr trng lng nguyn liu, hn ch ti a sai s cho c h thng. Kt hp b iu khin kh lp trnh PLC v my tnh iu khin ton b qu trnh cng ngh sn xut b tng ti thng phm.

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1.3.1. Yu cu cng ngh ca xe kp ko liu Cu to l mt thng rng c ming hng ct liu, c ca x ct liu, di chuyn ln xung trn hai thanh ray v c mt ti ko liu ln Hot ng: chu k hot ng xe kp nm v tr ch ct liu t boong ke ri xung, khi khi lng vt liu n c ti ko ln v tr ct liu vo ci trn nu lc ca x b tng ng, ng c cn ang lm vic v s m trn cn tip tc. Nu trong qu trnh ko ln ti v tr ct liu chu k trn ca m cha kt thc mi c php i ln ct liu vo ci trn. Sau khi ht ct liu n li i xung v tr ch ct liu + yu cu chuyn ng: Dng khi: i x ct liu t boog ke Ch kt thc chu k trn ca m trc Ch ht ct liu vo ci trn i ln khi: Khng c lnh dng i Trng lng ct liu trong thng i xung khi: ht ct liu vo ci trn + Yu cu v ng c - Lm vic ch ngn hn lp li - C o chiu quay - Khi ng trong ch y ti - Khng cn n nh tc trong sut qu trnh lm vic - ng c c P = 7,5 Kw, n = 1450 v/ph 1.3.2. Yu cu cng ngh ca vt ti ng Cu to gm mt trc vt v tn nm trong mt ng kim loi. N c ko quay bng ng c khng ng b. Khi quay n ko vt liu nm trong cc khoang trng i theo. Vt ti ng ch lm vic khi ta cp xi mng cho sil cha + Yu cu v chuyn ng Khng o chiu quay Khng n nh tc Ch hot ng khi cp xi mng ln sil cha

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Hot ng trong ch di hn + Yu cu v ng c

ng c c cng sut P = 7,5Kw, n = 1450 vng/ pht Hot ng ch di hn Khng o chiu quay Khng n nh tc trong qu trnh lm vic

1.3.3. Yu cu cng ngh ca vt ti xin Cu to ging vt ti ng + Hot ng : khi c hiu lnh iu khin, ng c quay ko vt ti quay, c s a dn xi mng ln thng cn. y l chuyn ng khng o chiu quay, khng cn n nh tc , dng chnh xc + Yu cu i vi ng c ko vt ti xin ng c c cng sut P = 11Kw, n = 1450 vng/pht Hot ng ch ngn hn lp li Khng o chiu quay Khng n nh tc trong qu trnh lm vic

1.3.4. Yu cu cng ngh ca my nn kh My nn kh to ra ngun kh c p sut cao cp cho cc pittong ng m ca x ct liu, x nc, c xi mng v b tng. Trong trm trn my nn kh cn phi lm vic trc c ci trn. My s t dng hot ng khi p sut trong bnh t yu cu + Yu cu v ng c ca my nn kh - Khng n nh tc - Ch quay theo mt chiu - Lm vic ch ngn hn lp li ng c c thng s P = 2 Kw, n = 1450 vng/ pht

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1.3.5. Yu cu cng ngh bm nc Bm nc cp nc t b cha ln thng cn nc. y l hot ng khng o chiu quay v c dng chnh xc. + Yu cu v ng c ko my b nc Khng n nh tc Ch quay theo mt chiu Lm vic ch ngn hn lp li

- ng c c thng s P = 3 Kw, n = 1450 vng/ pht 1.3.6. Yu cu cng ngh ca ca x liu Cc ca x ct liu c ng m nh lc ca cc pittng kh nn. Qu trnh ng m ny phi tht chnh xc v thi gian thc. Nu sai, khi lng vt liu cho vo trn s sai v ta khng khng ch c mc b tng cng nh khi lng mt m trn.

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CHNG 2 LA CHN PHNG N IU KHIN 2.1. Mt s yu cu trong trm trn b tng 2.1.1. Yu cu trm iu khin b tng ti a) Yu cu v iu khin H thng iu khin phi c nhim v m bo nng sut v cht lng ra b tng. H thng iu khin c nhim v chnh l iu khin cc cn nh lng cp cho thng trn b tng theo mt t l nh trc ph thuc v tng loi mc v iu khin cc qu trnh ng m ca x cc van trn theo trnh t logic nht nh v thi gian hp l sao cho b tng t cht lng cao nht. H thng iu khin phi c trch nhim kim tra trng thi ton trm trn gm cc ng c v cng tc hnh trnh, cc ha tr nh lng, kp thi a ra cc thng bo v s c gip ngi vn hnh d theo di cc thng tin cn thit. Ngoi ra h thng iu khin cn thc hin in phiu xut kho cho mi xe, lu tr s liu, tnh ton s liu thng k tng ngy, tun hay thng phc v cho cng tc qun l. b) Cc thnh phn ca b iu khin m bo yu cu cho iu khin trm trn Gm hai cp: Cp qun l Cp ny do mt my tnh m nhn v pht huy c th mnh ca n trong vic qun l my tnh, cho php ngi vn hnh vo s liu cn thit cho mt xe ly b tng t ngy thng, s xe ly b tng, s m, khi lng thnh phn, b tng cung cp i u, cc tham s v lnh khi ng c gi xung cp iu khin theo ng truyn s liu. Trong qu trnh trn my tnh lun lun nhn c thng tin v trng thi ng c v cc van. Trng thi ny lp tc c th hin trn s m phng cng nh thng bo nu c. V vy m mi s c, thay i ca trm u c th hin gn nh tc th trn mn hnh m

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phng sau khi cn cho mi xe, my in t in ha n v lu tr s liu. Ngoi ra my tnh cn c th c s liu t cc cp iu khin. Cp iu khin C nhim v tc ng trc tip n cc van ng c v van chp hnh m bo v cht lng v s lng b tng ng thi c th lin lc c vi cp qun l. Trong qu trnh thit k k iu khin cho trm trn b tng t ng th ngi ta dng h iu khin lp trnh cho PLC c th ly t cp qun l cng c th ly trc tip thng qua b TD200. PLC v TD200 gp li l mt my tnh cng nghip c th tin hnh lp trnh hot ng v lin lc vi cc cp qun l. Trong qu trnh trn, cp iu khin lun trao i thng tin v cc trng thi tc thi ton trm vi my tnh gm cc u cn, cc van x, cc cng tc hnh trnh, cc tn hiu bo mc. Ngoi ra cc s liu thc t ca cc u cn, cc u o nhit , s m, cc tham s c th ca mt xe, nh mc khi lng ca tng thnh phn phn phi liu, tng khi lng cc thnh phn cng c hin th trn mn hnh TD. 2.1.2. X l s c x l s c bt ng xy ra trong qu trnh hot ng t ng ca my ta c hai cch: Nhn vo nt dng tng lp tc h thng s ngng hot ng. Gt tay gt t ch t ng sang ch bng tay lp tc h thng ngng hot ng t ng trao quyn cho ngi iu khin. Vi ch hot ng bng tay h thng trng thi m, ta c th ch cp ct, xi mng, nc to thnh va cht xy dng. Hay ch cn trn kh b tng ri x nc vo thng xe cha xe trn t b tng chuyn tr nhm gim thi gian trn v m bo cht lng b tng ti chn cng trnh.

2.1.3.

Cu trc h iu khin trm trn b tng ti

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H thng iu khin trm trn bao gm cc phn sau: H thng my tnh gim st trung tm (Dng PC) 1. 2. 3. 4. H thng iu khin trc tip vi trm trn ( Dng PC) Tn hiu ra ca h thng Phn hin th H thng cn

5. Tn hiu ca cc cng tc hnh trnh, cc cng tc chn ch , tn hiu cn a) H thng my tnh gim st trung tm H thng my tnh gim st trung tm vi phn iu khin gim st c chc nng. Nhp v truyn cc i lng t v khi lng xung PLC Nhp v truyn cc lng t v thi gian xung PLC Nhp v qun l cc thng tin v khch hng, in ha n thanh ton Gim st cc qu trnh hot ng ca my bng tn hiu n bo Gim st h thng nh lng ca my b) H thng iu khin trc tip trm trn. iu khin trm trn b tng, my tnh c th hon ton m nhim chc nng ny, tuy nhin nhc im ca my tnh l an ton thp. Ngy nay vi s ra i v pht trin ca thit b iu khin logic kh trnh (PLC) hot ng tin cy v thch hp trong mi trng cng

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nghip, khc phc c cc nhc im ca my tnh, do vic trnh by h thng hon ton cho php ta la chn gii php kt hp kh nng ca my tnh v PLC iu khin chi ph thp m cht lng h thng c nng cao r rt. Trong h thng nhim v iu khin hot ng cc c cu chp hnh tp trung ti PLC. V th cho php h thng hot ng c lp khi my tnh gp s c. PLC c th trao i d liu h thng vn hnh ng yu cu ca tng mc b tng. Trm trn b tng trnh by trong n dng thit b kh trnh PLC hng Mitsubishi h FX3U 32MR/ ES-A. c) H thng hin th Ch yu dng hin th ch lm vic, tn mc b tng ang trn, trng lng vt liu ang cn. C th dng led 7 thanh, mn hnh my tnh, thit b chuyn dng ca hng Mitsubishi nh mn hnh GOT 1000 d) H thng cn C th dng mt trong nhng cch sau cn ct liu: Cn th cng : Ngi cng nhn cn trc tip bng cn thng , ri vt liu vo ci trn. Cch ny khng kh quan v tn nhiu cng, sc. Cn bng cch ong ct liu bng gu, x, thng... Cc cch ny ch p dng cho sn xut nh. Can bng phng php cn t ng: S dng cc Load cell cm bin p lc, khi c trng lng ln Load cell, lm thay i gi tr in tr ni ca Load cell, gi tr ny gi v b iu khin trung tm gii quyt. Cch ny c ng dng nhiu trong cng ngh trm trn 2.2. La chn phng n 2.2.1. Nguyn l thit k Nguyn l 1

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Hnh : S nguyn l 1 u im: Dng vt ti cp xi mng, y l mt trong nhng phng php mang li s n nh cao v t nh hng n mi trng. c dng ph bin trong cc cng ty sn xut b tng thng phm, nh h thng cp liu bng ti, nh bng ti m vt liu c vn chuyn lin tc v gim ting n. Dng trong cc trm c nng sut ln, i hi lng b tng nhiu. Ngy nay, mi ngi ang c xu hng s dng phng n ny thit k trm trn, nh c tnh thm m cao, v kh nng p ng nng sut cao ca n. Nhc im: Kt cu di, do s dng bng ti cp liu, do vy nhng ni c din tch lp t nh th s dng phng n ny l khng ph hp. Tiu th in nng cao do, bng ti cn cng sut ln vn chuyn.

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Gi thnh cao hn mt cht, so vi phng n khng s dng kt cu bng ti cp liu. Nguyn l 2

Hnh : S nguyn l 2 u im: c kt cu nh gn, do s dng phng php chuyn vt liu ln thng trn bng ti ko xe skip, do vy thch hp s dng nhng ni c a hnh nh hp, phng n hin nay vn c s dng ph bin nh c im ni tri ny, c bit trong cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng. tit kim in nng hn so vi phng php cp liu bng bng ti do, ng c dng ko skip chuyn liu c cng sut thp hn trong b tng c cng nng sut. Gi thnh thp, nh s dng ti ko trn, do vy phng n ny c tnh cnh tranh cao v sc tiu th trn th trng.

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Rt thch hp trong cc cng trnh cn lng b tng thp, v cho cc cng trnh va v nh. S dng gu ngom, c th cp liu t cc x lan dc b sng, nn trong mt s trng hp s tit kim chi ph vn chuyn. Nhc im: cp liu khng lin tc, do vy khng th s dng trong cc trm trn c nng sut cao, nn ch yu dng cc cng trnh nh khng ph hp vi nhng cng trnh i hi p lc cao v nng sut trm trn. Dng xe ti ko gy ting n ln nh hng trc tip n nhng ngi vn hnh v nhng ngi xung quanh. S dng gu co cp liuh vo cacs boogke, dn n tnh linh ng khng cao v phng php s dng xe xc lt c nhiu u im v kh nng linh hot trong di chuyn. 2.2.2. Mt vi thng s v trm trn b tng 60m3/ h

Thng s chnh ca trm trn Nng sut trm (m3 /h) S loi ct liu Loi thng trn Dung tch thng trn Dng nh lng Dung tch thng cn + Ct liu + Xi mng + Nc Trng lng trm Cng sut trm : : : : : : : : : : 60 m3/ h 3 Cng bc, chu k 1500/1000 trng lng (Kg) 1500 lt 1000 lt 11,5 tn: 11,5 tn 29,24 KW

- Cng sut thit b ph tr: 20,7 KW Cm cp liu gm c: - 01 boongke cha ct liu gm c ba ngn (2 v 1 ct). - 01 bng ti cn nh lng. - 01 bng ti chuyn ct liu ln phu ch trung gian a vo thng trn c lan can kim tra dc bng ti.

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- 01 cm con ln dn ng bng ti chuyn ct liu. Cum cp xi mng gm c: - 02 sil cha xi mng vi sc cha 80 tn/1 sil. - 02 lc bi xi mng. - 01 my nn kh. - 01 my bm xi mng. - 02 vt ti xin chuyn xi mng. - 01 thng cn xi mng. Cm cp nc gm c: - 01 b nc chnh vi th tch 5m3. - 01 b nc ph d phng. - 01 my bm nc. - 01 thng cn nc V = 0.3 m3. - H thng ng ng cp nc. 2.3. Cc chu trnh trong trm trn b tng 2.3.1. Chu trnh ct liu - Vic cp ct, cho trm trn c nhiu phng n khc nhau song tham kho trn thc t c hai phng n sau: a) Cp liu kiu gu co skip Vt liu , ct c tp kt ngoi bi cc ngn ring bit, sau c cu co vo thit b nh lng, sau khi c nh lng vt liu c x vo skip, t skip vt liu c vo thng trn b) Cp liu kiu boongke bng ti Vt liu ct, c tp kt ngoi bi sau c my xc gu lt vo boongke, thit b nh lng. Sau khi c nh lng ng yu cu th bng ti vn chuyn vo thng trn. 2.3.4. Chu trnh cp xi mng - Xi mng t bao b nh vo phu c bng gu vn chuyn vo Sil nh vo thit b nh lng, sau c x vo thng trn. 2.3.3. Chu trnh cp nc v cp ph gia. Vic cp nc v cp ph gia hu nh u da trn phng php cp nc t bn cha: Nc t bn cha theo ng ng x cung thit b nh lng v vo bung trn.

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2.3.4. Chu trnh bung trn. H thng bung trn bao gm cc thng cha lin kt vi h thng nh lng dng xc nh chnh xc t l cc loi nguyn vt liu cu to nn b tng. Bng ti dng a ct liu vo bung trn v gm my bm nc, my bm ph gia, sil cha xi mng, vt ti xi mng, thng trn b tng, h thng nn kh. Gia cc b phn c cc thit b c cc thit b nng, vn chuyn v phu cha trung gian

Thng s: Dung tch thng trn: 1500/1000 lt Cng sut ng c chnh: 37Kw 1400 vng/ pht Tc roto trn: 500 vng / pht Cng sut ng c m thng trn: 0,75 Kw 2.4. La chn phng n iu khin La chn phng n thit k.

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Cn c vo tnh hnh thc t nhu cu v s dng trm trn b tng nc ta v nhng u nhc im ca cc phng php m ta va nu, em chn phng n 1(nguyn l thit k 1) l phng n thit k, v n ph hp vi nn cng nghip ha nc nh. Chng ta ang tin hnh hin i ha t nc, trong xy dng c s h tng ng vai tr quan trng, nn trong tng lai s cn cc trm trn b tng c cng sut ln mi p ng c nhu cu v b tng trn th trng. Mc d so vi cc trm trn cng nng sut c kt cu nh hn, th phng n ny s lm tn din tch lp t, nhng iu khng ng k v hin nay khi ln phng n lp t trm a phn cc nh u t chun b y mt bng ti cng trng. Tuy gi thnh ca phng n ny c cao hn nhng s cao hn l khng ng k so vi cc tnh nng u vit m n mang li. Trong tng lai, nu khng b nh hng bi yu t mt bng, th y s l phng n ph bin nht lc , v n tr thnh s la chn s 1 cho cc nh u t mun pht trin ngnh cng nghip b tng.