M-STEP

MPI H thng phun xng a

im

STEP - II MPI

2008

MC LC
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

1-1

1. H thng nhin liu ng c xng

1-1

2. Tng quan v cu to h thng MPI

2.1 S in hnh ca h thng MPI
2.2 Tng quan v h thng cung cp nhin liu
2.3 Tng quan v h thng nh la
2.4 Tng quan v h thng iu khin khng kh
2.5 H thng kim sot kh thi
3. Tng quan v cc b phn ca h thng MPI
3.1 Tng quan v Engine-ECU
3.2 C cu chp hnh

1-3
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6
1-8
1-9
1-10
1-11

4. Tng quan v s hot ng ca h thng MPI

4.1 u vo
4.2 Ra lnh
4.3 Thc thi
4.4 iu khin tn hiu phn hi
4.5 Hot ng ca b Engine-ECU

1-12
1-13
1-17
1-18
1-20
1-23

5. Kim tra kin thc

1-28

CHNG 2: H THNG PHUN NHIN LIU

2-1

1. Hot ng ca h thng
1.1 HT cung cp nhin liu
1.2 HT iu khin in t
1.3 Phun nhin liu a im (MPI Multipoint Fuel Injection)
1.4 Cc ch ca phun nhin liu a im
1.5 Phun ng lot
1.6 Phun theo th t
1.7 Phun khng ng lot

2-1
2-1
2-3
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-9

2. iu khin phun nhin liu

2.1 Qu trnh iu khin lng phun nhin liu
2.2 Thi gian m kim phun c bn
2.3 Xc nh s vng quay trc khuu
2.4 iu khin tn hiu phn hi
2.5 Hiu chnh phu da trn thng tin t cc cm bin v cc ngun khc
2.6 iu khin nhin liu khc
2.7 Cht lng ca nhin liu s dng

2-11
2-11
2-12
2-15
2-15
2-19
2-24
2-26

3. Hot ng ca cc b phn trn HT nhin liu

3.1 Bm nhim liu
3.2 B iu chnh p sut nhin liu
3.3 Lc nhin liu
3.4 Vi phun nhin liu
3.5 CB v tr trc khuu
3.6 CB v tr trc cam
3.7 CB lu lng kh np
3.8 CB nhit trn ng ng np
3.9 CB khi lng kh np
3.10 CB p sut tuyt i (chn khng)
3.11 CB p sut kh tri

2-28
2-29
2-32
2-35
2-36
2-39
2-41
2-45
2-48
2-49
2-50
2-50

3.12 CB nhit nc lm mt
3.13 CB v tr bm ga
3.14 CB v tr bn p ga
3.15 CB Oxy
3.16 CB tc xe
4. Kim tra kin thc
CHNG 3: H THNG NH LA
1. Nguyn l hot ng ca h thng nh la
1.1 HT nh la dng b chia in
1.2 HT nh la khng dng b chia in

2-51
2-51
2-54
2-58
2-60
2-62
3-1
3-1
3-1
3-2

2. iu khin phn phi tia la n cc xilanh

3-4
2.1 3-4
2.2
3-5
3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7

3-7
3-8
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-11
3-14
3-16

4.
4.1
4.2 -

3-16
3-16
3-17

5. Hot ng ca cc b phn trong HT nh la

5.1 CB gc quay trc khuu
5.2 CB v tr trc cam
5.3 CB kch n
5.4 Transistor cng sut
5.5 CB bo s c HT nh la

3-18
3-18
3-18
3-19
3-20
3-21

6. Kim tra kin thc

3-22

4-1

1. 4-1
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

4-2
4-2
4-3
4-7
4-11

3.
3.1
3.2

3.3
3.4
3.5 FR
3.6 G

4-16
4-16
4-16
4-17
4-20
4-20
4-22

3.7

4-23

3.8
3.9
4.
5

4-24
4-25
4-26
5-1

1.
5-1
1.1
5-2
1.2
5-2
1.3
5-3
1.4
5-6
1.5

5-7
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3 (EGR)
2.4
2.5
3. (OBD)
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4 -
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12 E-OBD
4.
6
1.
1.1
2.
2.1

2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6

2.7
2.8
3. ,
3.1
3.2

5-10
5-10
5-12
5-14
5-16
5-19
5-20
5-20
5-21
5-22
5-22
5-24
5-27
5-27
5-29
5-31
5-35
5-39
5-44
5-46
6-1
6-1
6-1
6-3
6-3
6-4
6-14
6-16
6-22
6-23
6-25
6-27
6-29
6-29
6-31

3.3

6-32

3.4 ,

3.5 -
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15

3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
3.20
3.21
3.22
5.

6-33
6-33
6-33
6-35
6-36
6-37
6-38
6-38
6-42
6-43
6-44
6-45
6-45
6-46
6-48
6-50
6-51
6-53
6-56
6-60

7 GDI 7-1
1.

7-1

2.

7-1

3. GDI
3.1
3.2 GDI

7-2
7-2
7-3

4.
4.1
4.2
4.3

7-7
7-7
7-7
7-8

5.
5.1
5.2

7-11
7-12
7-16

 1
MPI
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.1.1

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14,7:1( ).
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( < 1) - ( ) -
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1-1

 MPI

.1.2

,
.
( 1:1
5:1), ..
,
.
(
11:1).
.
,
.
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,
.
,
( 12:1 13:1).
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.

1-2

TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

2. Tng quan v cu to h thng MPI
2.1. S in hnh ca h thng MPI

Hnh.1.3 S h thng phun nhin liu a im MPI tiu biu

H thng phun xng iu khin in t c s dng trn t ca Mitsubishi Motors, gm c:

HT nhin liu;
HT nh la;
HT iu khin kh np;
HT iu khin kh x.
Trong h thng MPI ca hng Mitsubishi, trong vic tnh ton t l nhin liu-khng kh thng s dng
ba cch xc nh lng kh np:
1.
Trong hu ht trng hp, (xe dng ng c dng 4G6,4G9, 6G7) s dng cm bin lu lng kh
np loi Karman (dng xoy Karman). y l loi cm bin chuyn i dng chy ca khng kh sang
m k thut s, gip ci thin c chnh xc v nhy, c ng dng vo vic o lng kh
np i vo ng c. Lu lng dng kh c xc nh da vo mt khng kh.
2.
Trn cc ng c hin i (4G69, 4B1, 6B3) s dng b o trc tip o lng kh np (MAF Mass Air Flow).
3.
Trn mt s h thng th p dng nguyn kh o lng kh np gin tip (vi xe s dng ng c
4G1, 3A9, 4A9) dng cm bin p sut tuyt i t bn trong ng ng np, pha sau bm ga
(MAP sensor - Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor) . loi ny, khi lng kh np l khng o c
m phi da trn cc thng s c bn khc (p sut ng ng np, nhit khng kh np).

1-3

TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

2.2 Tng quan v h thng nhin liu

CB lu lng kh np
CB nhit kh np
CB p sut ng ng np
CB nhit nc lm mt ng c
CB v tr bm ga

Engine-ECU

CB v tr bn p ga
CB gc quay trc khuu
CB v tr trc cam
CB tc xe
Cng tc nh la - ST
CB kch n
CB Oxy

Hnh. 1-4 S h thng cung cp nhin liu tiu biu

H thng cung cp nhin liu s dng trn xe ca Mitsubishi c thit k phn phi chnh xc lng
nhin liu cn thit m bo t c s cn bng gia cng sut, tit kim nhin liu, hn ch ti a
lng kh thi c hi.
B Engine-ECU (b iu khin in t) nhn cc tn hiu t cc cm bin lin quan v iu khin cc vi
phun cung cp t l nhin liu-khng kh ph hp vi cc tnh trng hot ng khc nhau ca ng c. Khi cc
tnh trng ng c thay i, th s cung cp nhin liu phi c iu chnh kp thi.

1-4

TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

2.3

Tng quan v h thng nh la

CB lu lng kh np
CB nhit kh np
CB p sut ng ng np
CB nhit nc lm mt ng c
CB v tr trc cam
Engine-ECU

CB gc quay trc khuu

Cng tc nh la - ST
CB kch n
CB tc xe
Cng tc, kha khi ng
(Cng tc cn s hp s t ng)

CB lu lng kh np
CB nhit kh np
CB p sut ng ng np
CB nhit nc lm mt ng c
CB v tr trc cam
CB gc quay trc khuu

Engine-ECU

Cng tc nh la - ST
CB kch n
CB tc xe
Cng tc, kha khi ng
(Cng tc cn s hp s t ng)

Hnh. 1.5 S h thng nh la tiu biu

m bo cho s chy din ra trit nht, h thng nh la phi t chy hn hp nhin liukhng kh ngay tc th. Thi im nh la chnh xc bo m cho nhit v p sut to ra t qu trnh
chy tc dng ng ngay thi im ti u nht theo v tr ca piston. B Engine-ECU nhn tn hiu t cm
bin gc quay trc khuu, cm bin v tr trc cam iu khin kh np v thi im nh la. Thi im nh
la sm c iu chnh ph hp vi tng iu kin lm vic ca ng c da vo cc yu t nh nhit nc
lm mt, nhit kh np, p sut kh tri, kch n.

1-5

TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

2.4 Tng quan v h thng kim sot kh np
2.4.1 H thng kim sot tc cm chng

CB lu lng kh np
CB nhit kh np
CB p sut ng ng np
CB nhit nc lm mt
CB v tr bm ga
CB v tr trc khuu
Engine-ECU

Cng tc iu ha khng kh
CB-Cng tc nhit iu ha khng kh
CB tc xe
CB p sut du tr lc li
Cng tc, kha khi ng (cng tc cn s hp s t ng)
Chn tn hiu a ra t my pht - FR
Cng tc nh la - IG
Cng tc khi ng - ST

Hnh. 1.6 S h thng kim sot tc cm chng

H thng kim sot bao gm h thng kim sot kh np v h thng kim sot tc cm chng. H
thng kim sot kh np iu ha lng khng kh ti u khi li xe trong iu kin bnh thng thng qua vic
kim sot dch chuyn ca bm ga.
H thng kim sot tc cm chng iu ha tc dng khng kh np khi bm ga ng hon ton.
H thng ny kim sot s vng quay ng c thng qua v tr bm ga v cc tn hiu u vo khc.
Khi ng c ngui, tng 2 van ring l s iu chnh tc cm chng (trn hu ht cc i xe). B
hn ch kiu lng kim (bimetal type limiter) hot ng ty thuc vo nhit nc lm mt ng c.
Khi khi ng tnh trng ngui, b gii hn cho php khng kh i vo ng ng np nhiu hn, lm
tng s vng quay ca ng c. Khi ng c nhit hot ng bnh thng, th b gii hn ng v tc
cm chng c kim sot ch bi mt van iu khin bng motor bc.

1-6

TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

2.4.2. H thng vi bm ga iu khin bng in t

CB lu lng kh np
CB nhit kh np
CB nhit nc lm mt
CB v tr bm ga
CB gc quay trc khuu
Cng tc iu ha khng kh
CB-Cng tc iu ha khng kh
CB tc xe
CB p sut du tr lc li
Cng tc, kha khi ng (cng tc cn s hp s t ng)
Chn tn hiu a ra t my pht - FR
Cng tc nh la - IG
Cng tc khi ng - ST

Hnh. 1.7 S tiu biu ca h thng iu khin bm ga in t

H thng iu khin bm ga in t iu khin m bm ga theo nhn ca bn p ga. B
Engine-ECU xc nh gc nhn ca bn p ga nh tn hiu gi v t cm bin v tr bn p ga. Qua
ECU tnh ton m ca bm ga v cp xung in n motor bc iu khin bm ga vi gc m
tng ng.

1-7

TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

2.5 H thng kim sot kh thi

Hnh. 1.8 S h thng kim sot kh thi tiu biu

H thng kim sot kh thi nhm hn ch cc thnh phn c hi trong kh thi nh Hydrocarbons (HC),
Carbon Monoxide (CO), v Oxides Nitrogen (NOx). Di y l cc h thng kim sot kh thi trang b trn xe
Mitsubishi.
H thng thng kh hp trc khuu (PCV - Positive Crankcase Ventilation)
Kh chy t bung t r r qua cc xecmang i xung hp cacte. y l cc kh c, nu thi ra ngoi
s gy nhim mi trng.
Do phi c h thng thng kh hp trc khuu vi b phn chnh l van PCV. H thng ny a ngc
nhng kh chy bn trong hp cacte v c gp np, ha trn vi ha kh v a li vo bung t.
H thng kim sot hi nhin liu
H thng ny s a hi nhin liu vo lu tr bnh hp th hi nhin liu, thnh phn ch yu l
Hydro Carbon (HC) bc hi t bnh cha nhin liu.
Hi nhin liu c lu tr cho n khi c ha trn vi kh np v c t chy trong ng c.
H thng tun hon kh x (EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation)
H thng ny s cho hi lu mt phn kh x v li ng np vo mt thi im no lm gim
nhit bn trong bung t, qua gim c lng Oxit Nit (NOx) sinh ra t cc kh do s chy nhit
cao.
B xc tc kh x Catalytic Converter
B Catalytic Converter gip gim bt lng kh c hi thot ra bng cch thc hin nh l mt bung
chy th 2. B Catalytic Converter gip to ra mt phn ng ha hc tip tc t chy c kh chy, lm gim
phn ln cc kh thot ra t qu trnh chy. b Catalytic Converter hot ng vi hiu sut cao nht th t l
khng kh nhin liu phi c iu chnh mt cch chnh xc.
phc v trong vic kim tra v chn on h thng kim sot kh thi, trn mt s i xe cn trang b
h thng chn on EOBD (Enhance On Board Diagnostic)

1-8

TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

3. Tng quan v cc b phn trn h thng MPI
H thng phun xng a im MPI c iu khin bi b Engine-ECU. B Engine-Ecu s dng tn
hiu t cc cm bin khc nhau tnh toan thi im phun nhin liu ti u, lng nhin liu cn
phun, thi im nh la, v h s hiu chnh tc cm chng N a ra cc tn hiu iu khin
n cc c cu chp hnh lin quan tng ng vi cc kt qu tnh ton.

Cm bin lu lng kh np

Cm bin nhit
nc lm mt

Cm bin gc quay
trc khuu

Hnh. 1.9
Cc cm bin ghi li cc thng s v tnh trng ng c xc nh cc yu cu cho vic cung cp
nhin liu, thi im nh la, dng khng kh iu khin tc cm chng. Mt trong s cc tnh trng
l nhit nc lm mt ng c, v lngj khng kh i qua ng ng np, Cc cm bin ny o cc
tnh trng ca ng c v cung cp thng tin cho b Engine-ECU.

1-9

TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

3.1 Tng quan v b iu khin in t (Engine-ECU)

Chng trnh x l
Cc tnh trng hot
ng ca ng c
(Cc cm bin)

Vi phun
nhin liu

Bugi
Bbin nh la

Hnh. 1.10
Mt ng c c iu khin bng my tnh s thch ng nhanh vi cc thay i v iu kin hot
ng, c bit l yu cu v cng sut ca ngi li.
Mt ng c c iu khin bng my tnh s nhn bit c cc iu kin mi trng xung
quanh m cc ng c dng b ch ha kh khng th nhn bit c. Chnh v vy s cung cp nhin
liu cho ng c s chnh xc hn nhiu.
B Engine-ECU nhn bit oc cc tnh trng hot ng, iu kin mi trng v s dng chng
trnh x l c lu bn trong tnh ton chnh xc s cung cp nhin liu v thi im nh la, sau
thc hin cc quyt nh iu chnh khc.
Sau khi thc hin cc cng vic tnh ton, b Engine-ECU truyn tn hiu iu khin n cc c cu
chp hnh (Actuator) cung cp lng nhin liu chnh xc v t chy nhin liu thi im chnh
xc, ph hp vi tnh trng hot ng ca ng c thi im hin ti.
Khi c iu kin hot ng ca ng c thay i, b Engine-ECU tip tc cp nht cc tnh ton ca n
v iu chnh vic cung cp nhin liu, thi im nh la, v cc quyt nh iu chnh khc khi cn thit.
Qu trnh ny c tip tc khi ng c cn lm vic.

1 - 10

TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

3.2 C cu chp hnh (Actuator)

Transistor cng sut

v bbin nh la
Motor bc
iu khin tc
khng ti

Vi phun nhin liu

Hnh. 1.11
C cu chp hnh l thit b dng thc hin cc lnh b Engine-ECU ra quyt nh iu khin. C ba
c cu chp hnh chnh trong h thng phun nhin liu a im:
Vi phun nhin liu (Bc phun)
Motor bc iu khin tc cm chng (Van in t khng ti)
Transistor cng sut v bbin nh la.
Gi s, nu bn mun tng tc cm chng, th b Engine-ECU s gi tn hiu iu khin n ISC
Idle Speed Control servo tng lng khng kh i qua bm ga.
Cc c cu chp hnh hot ng da trn tn hiu cp n t Engine-ECU. Hu ht chng
khng gi tn hiu phn hi v cho b Engine-ECU.

1 - 11

3.3 S khc nhau gia h thng nhin liu dng b ch ha kh v h thng phun xng
gip bn hiu c h thng MPI, di y s trnh by s khc nhau c bn gia mt h thng phun nhin
liu (MPI) v mt h thng dng b ch ha kh.

Mc

H thng dng b ch ha kh

H thng phun nhin liu

Cu to

Bao gm mt ng khuch tn, vi phun chnh,

Bao gm cc b phn ca h thng np khng kh (chng

bm ga, phao, v cc b phn khc

hn nh bm ga), cc b phn ca h thng phun nhin

liu (nh cc vi phun), cc b phn ca h thng iu
khin (chng hn nh ECU v cc cm bin), v cc b
phn khc

Phng

- Tc ca khng kh i qua ng khuch tn

- Tc khng kh i vo ng c c xc nh trc tip

php

thay i ph hp vi m bm ga.

bi Engine-ECU (ph hp vi tn hiu ca cm bin lu

cung cp
nhin liu

- p sut chn khng to ra ng khuch tn

thay i ph thuc vo tc ca dng kh.
- Nhin liu c ht bi p sut chn khng
qua vi phun chnh t bung phao. Lng

lng kh np) hoc gin tip (ph hp vi tn hiu cm

bin p sut ng ng np).
- B Engine-Ecu tnh ton c lng nhin liu cn thit
t chy ph hp vi t l ca khng kh.

nhin liu c ht vo thay i ph hp vi

- B Engine-ECU s dng mt tn hiu kch m vi

mc ca p sut chn khng.

phun trong mt thi gian ph hp vi lng nhin liu

- Nhin liu c ht qua vi phun chnh khng

tnh ton.

di cc iu kin no , v vy phi c

- B Engine-ECU iu chnh lng nhin liu phun nu

b sung khi cn thit bng cch dng l cm

nh cc tn hiu t cm bin lin quan cho thy s cn

chng v bm tng tc.

thit hiu chnh.

TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

4. Tng quan v s hot ng ca h thng MPI

B phn nhn bit

B phn ra lnh

B phn thc thi

Hnh. 1.12
H thng phun nhin liu iu khin in t s iu khin chnh xc vic cung cp nhin liu, thi im
nh la, tc cm chng v kim sot lng kh np bng mt qu trnh Nhn bit Ra lnh Thc thi
Engine-ECU nhn bit tnh trng lm vic ti mt thi im no da vo cc tn hiu u vo ly t
cc cm bin v cc cng tc.
Engine-ECU s dng cc thng tin thu thp c t cc cm bin a ra cc lnh iu khin tng
ng vi cc d liu c lp trnh sn bn trong n.
Sau Engine-ECU s pht ra cc tn hiu iu khin n cc thnh phn tng ng thc hin cc
lnh c a ra.

1 - 12

TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

4.1 u vo
Cc h thng phu nhin liu s dng cc loi cm bin khc nhau. Cc cm bin c th c phn loi
thnh bn nhm theo loi tn hiu in m chng cung cp nh l tn hiu u vo ca b ECU gn c.

4.1.1. Cc cm bin loi ON/OFF

Hnh. 1.13
Cc cm bin ON/OFF m chng ta thng hay ni n ging nh cc cng tc, c th c tim
thy trong cc ng dng nh cng tc A/C, cng tc v tr khng ti, cng tc bo p sut du tr lc li
Tn hiu ca chng l tn hiu u vo gi n b Engine-Ecu thng l 5V v SV (System Volt in p
h thng) tng ng vi OFF v 0V tng ng vi ON (ON c nh ngha nh cng tc thc hin hon
thnh mt ng i ca in).
Kim tra cm bin
Nhng thit b di y c th s dng kim tra cm bin loi ny:
ng h o hiu in th Voltmeter
ng fh o kiu k thut s (logic)
ng h MUT-II hoc MUT-III (mt s tn hiu)
My o hin sng Oscilloscope

1 - 13

TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

4.1.2.

Cc cm bin pht ra tn s

Ni b Engine-ECU
nhn bit tn hiu

Hnh. 1.14
Cc cm bin pht ra tn s c th c tm thy trong cc ng dng nh Cm bin lu lng kh np,
Came bin gc quay trc khuu, cm bin v tr trc cam, v cm bin tc xe.
Tn hiu ca loi ny a n b Engine-ECU l mt dng sng vung (5V 0V 5V 0V) vi tn s thay
i.
Kim tra cm bin
Nhng thit b di y c th s dng kim tra cm bin loi ny:
ng h o hiu in th Voltmeter
ng fh o kiu k thut s (logic)
ng h MUT-II hoc MUT-III (mt s tn hiu)
My o hin sng Oscilloscope
My MUT-II, MUT-III v cc ng h vn ch c th cung cp hn ch v cht lng ca loi tn hiu cm
bin ny.

1 - 14

TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

4.1.3.

Cc cm bin c in tr thay i

B Engine-ECU
nhn bit tn hiu

Hnh. 1.15
Cc cm bin c in tr thay i cng c xem nh cc nhit in tr v cc bin tr, c th gp
trong cc cm bin nh: CB v tr bm ga, CB nhit nc lm mt v CB nhit kh np.
Cm bin loi ny l mt b phn ca mch pht tn hiu u vo cho Engine-ECU dng in p
thay i, thng trong khong 5V 0V. Trong hnh 1.15, khi in tr thay i thi dng in i v mass thay
i, lm nh hng n in p gi v Engine-ECU.
Kim tra tn hiu cm bin
Nhng thit b di y c th s dng kim tra cm bin loi ny:
ng h o hiu in th Voltmeter
ng h MUT-II hoc MUT-III (mt s tn hiu)
My o hin sng Oscilloscope

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TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

4.1.4.

Cm bin to ra in p

Hnh. 1.16
Cc cm bin to ra in p c tm thy trong cc ng dng nh: cm bin Oxy, Cm bin kch
n. Tn hiu u vo n b Engine-ECU dng ca mt tn hiu in p thay i theo mt thng s
c o. V d, tn hiu cm bin Oxy c th mt gi tr bt k gia 0 v 1V, ph thuc vo t l khng kh nhin liu trong qu trnh chy.
Kim tra tn hiu cm bin
Nhng thit b di y c th s dng kim tra tn hiu cm bin loi ny:
ng h o hiu in th Voltmeter
ng h MUT-II hoc MUT-III (mt s tn hiu)
My o hin sng Oscilloscope

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TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

4.2 Ra lnh

Hnh. 1.17
B Engine-ECU nhn bit iu kin lm vic ca ng c nh tn hiu cm bin gi v v ra lnh cho c cu chp
hnh da trn thng tin c lp trnh vo b nh ca n ng vi iu kin lm vic .
B Engine-ECU bao gm mt b vi x l, b nh truy xut ngu nhin RAM, b nh ch c ROM, b nh ghi-xa
bng in EEPROM v cc b giao tip vo-ra.
Vic tnh ton cc lnh iu khin da trn chng trnh c lu sn trong b nh ca ECU.
B Engine-ECU c ba loi b nh:
ROM Read-Only Memory (b nh ch c). y l loi b nh ch dng c, khng cn cp in v tt c
thng tin lu trn n khng b mt i khi ngt ngun in.
RAM Random Access Memory . y l loi b nh dung lu cc kt qu tnh ton tm thi, nhng gi
tr tn hiu nhn c t cc cm bin v nhng d liu nht nh ca ng c yu cu phi cp in duy tr
thng tin. Khi ngt ngun in, d liu cha trong RAM s mt i.

EEPROM Electrically Ereasable Programmable Read Only Memory l loi b nh c th xa c

bng lp trnh v khi ngt ngun in th d liu bn trong b nh ny khng mt i.

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TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

4.3 Thc thi
hon thnh qu trnh nhn bit ra lnh thc thi, th b Engine-Ecu iu khin cc h thng
ca ng c thng qua vic s dng cc thit b in c gi l c cu chp hnh.
iu khin cc c cu chp hnh, b Engine-ECU c th iu khin mch in ngun cung cp
n, hoc mch ni mass t cc c cu chp hnh. Hu ht cc c cu chp hnh ca Mitsubishi s dng
kiu iu khin Ground Circuit (iu khin mch ni mass) bi b Engine-ECU.

4.3.1.

Mch iu khin vi phun

c quy

Rle iu khin

ON OFF

No.1

No.2

No.3

No.4

Engine-ECU

Hnh. 1.18
Mch vi phun dng cho ng c phun xng l mt v d ca b Engine-ECU iu khin mch ni mass.
in p dng ca c quy c cung cp qua mt rle n cc vi phun, khi cng tc IG bt m v tr
ON hoc START.
kch hot mt vi phun, b Engine-ECU ch cn ni mass mch tng ng. iu ny lm cho
dng in i qua cun dy in t ca vi phun, lm nhc kim phun v vi phun phun nhin liu. B EngineECU cho php dng in i qua vi phun ch trong mt khong thi gian chnh xc. Lng nhin liu cung cp
c xc nh bi thi gian kch m vi phun.

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TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

4.3.2. Mch transistor cng sut (Transistor nh la)

CB l lng kh np
CB p sut kh tri
CB nhit kh np
CB nhit nc lm mt
Cng tc v tr khng ti
CB gc quay trc khuu
Cng tc nh la - ST
CB kch n

Engine-ECU

CB v tr trc cam
CB tc xe
Cng tc hm A/T (hp s t ng)

Hnh. 1.19
Mch transistor cng sut l mt v d khc ca b Engine-ECU iu khin ni mass mt actuator qua
mt transistor.
B Engine-ECU m v ng in mch ni mass ca bbin nh la bng cch iu khin transistor
cng sut.
Transistor cng sut c kch hot ti cc nn (Base) bi b Engine-ECU qua in p iu khin.
Khi transitor cng sut bt ON th c dng in i qua cun s cp ca bbin nh la v mass.
B Engine-ECU iu khin in p da trn cc tn hiu u vo v chng trnh lu sn trong b nh.

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TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

4.4 iu khin hi tip (Feedback control)

B Engine-ECU s dng tn hiuvo t cm bin Oxy iu chnh s phn phi nhin liu tt nht
Hnh. 1.20
Cm bin Oxy, cm bin kch n v mt s loi cm bin v tr s theo di kt qu t cc lnh ca b
Engine-ECU v cung cp ngc tr li Engine-ECU v kt qu ca cc lnh iu khin va c xut ra t
Engine-ECU.
S hi tip cho php Engine-ECU iu khin chnh xc nht vic cung cp nhin liu, thi im nh
la v kim sot lng kh np khi ch cm chng.

4.4.1.

iu khin hi tip vic cung cp nhin liu

Cm bin Oxy c lp trn ng kh thi v pht ra mt
tn hiu in p gia 0V v 1V, ty thuc vo lng oxy cn li
trong kh thi (mt hm s ca t l khng kh-nhin liu trong kh
chy).
B Engine-ECU s dng tn hiu in p ny thc hin cc
lnh iu chnh cho chng trnh cung cp nhin liu.
Mt tn hiu in p gia 0,5V v 1V cho bit mt hn
hp khng kh-nhin liu giu. Mt tn hiu in p gia 0V v
0,5V cho bit mt hn hp khng kh-nhin liu ngho. V vy cung
cp nhin liu c iu chnh theo tn hiu ca cm bin Oxy, tn
hiu ny cp nht ngay lp tc nu c bt k s thay i no trong
thnh phn hn hp.
Hnh. 1.21

B Engine-ECU gim st mt cch lin tc tn hiu gi v

t cm bin Oxy v iu chnh thi gian phun nhin liu ng vi
tn hiu hi tip (iu khin khp kn).

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TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

4.4.2.

iu khin thi im nh la
Cm bin kch n nhn
bit s kch n trong ng
c (s chy khng bnh
thng)

B Engine-ECU lm tr
thi im nh la

Hnh. 1.22
Came bin kch n c lp trn thn my, nhn bit s rung ng ca ng c theo mt tn s
quy nh (cho bit xy ra kch n).
Khi s kch n xy ra th cm bin kch n tng tn hiu in p ra ca n mt cch ng k v a
n b Engine-ECU. B Engine-ECU ngay lp tc p ng li bng cch lm tr thi im nh la. Khi s
rung ng gim v li mc bnh thng th thi im nh la s c tng sm tr li theo s iu
khin ca b Engine-ECU.
Qu trnh nhn bit kch n v iu chnh thi im nh la xy ra lin tc nh mt qu trnh khp kn.

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TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

4.4.3.

iu khin s hi tip kim sot tc cm chng

Motor bc
iu khin tc
cm chng

Cm bin
tc
trc khuu

iu chnh s vng quay ng c

Hnh. 1.23
Khi b Engine-ECU truyn tn hiu n Motor iu khin tc cm chng tng lng kh np
nhm tng tc ng c ln, th tn hiu ra ca cm bin tc trc khuu bo cho b Engine-ECU
bit khi s vng quay mong mun t c.
B Engine-ECU iu chnh lu lng gi mt cch lin tc theo tn hiu vo t Cm bin tc trc
khuu bt c lc no chng trnh iu khin tc cm chng ca Engine-ECU c kch hot (khi
bm ga ng hon ton).

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TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

4.5 Nguyn l hot ng ca b Engine-ECU
4.5.1.

Cc loi b nh

(a) ROM Read Only Memory (B nh ch dng c).

Thng tin c lp trnh trc
Khng thay i trong qu trnh hot ng
Khng cn cp in duy tr
B nh ROM cha ng thng tin c lu tr vnh vin v b Engine-ECU s dng p ng vi d
liu ca tn hiu vo. Ngun in c quy khng cn thit duy tr d liu ca ROM. ROM c lp trnh vo
trong b Engine-ECU bi nh sn xut v khng thay i khi b ECU hot ng. B Engine-ECU c th c
thng tin t ROM nhng khng th
a thng tin vo trong n. Mt s kiu Engine-ECU sau ny c th c chp vo, l qu trnh cp
nht b nh ROM bng cch s dng my MUT II/III v thit b chuyn dng.
(b) RAM Random Access Memory (B nh truy cp ngu nhin)
Engine-ECU c th c hoc ghi
Lu tr tm thi d liu
D liu c lu tr bng cch s dng in c quy
B Engine-ECU c th c v truyn thng tin hoc lu tr thng tin trong b nh truy cp ngu nhin
RAM. RAM l tr d liu tm thi v ch cho n c s dng hoc cp nht. Mt s thng tin c lu tr
trong RAM c s dng cp nht chng trnh x l c ct trong ROM.
Nu in p c quy b mt v mt l do no , ty thuc vo s khi ng lc ban u, b Engine-ECU s
hot ng theo chng trnh bn trong ROM cho n khi d liu mi c lu tr vo trong RAM trong qu
trnh hot ng.

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TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

(c) EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (B nh ROM cho php lp
trnh xa bng in)
Dng lu tr d liu v d liu khng b mt i khi ngt ngun in v vy cc thng s thch ng, m li
v nhng d liu khc lu tr trong b nh ny khng th b xa nu khng s dng cc cng c chn on.

4.5.2.

M chn on trc trc Diagnostic Code

c c qua my MUT II hoc MUT III

Nhn ra mt mch h hng
Nhn ra b Engine-ECU khng th thc hin mt chc nng no
n Check engine bt sng vi hu ht m
B Engine-ECU c th hot ng ch Fail safe (ch t khc phc)

(a) Nhn din ra mt mch trc trc

Bi v b Engine-ECU c lp trnh nhn ra s hin din v gi tr ca cc tn hiu in vo nn n c
th nhn ra cc tn hiu vo khng ng.
Mt khi b Engine-Ecu tm ra mt s h hng vi thi gian hn 4s (trong hu ht cc trng hp), mt m
trc trc s c lu vo b nh ca n .
Cc m trc trc c th c qua my MUT II/III. Vic chn on v khc phc cc trc trc i hi phi xc
nh chnh xc cc nguyn nhn gy nn s trc trc .
(b) B Engine-ECU khng th thc hin mt chc nng no
Mt m bo trc trc cng c th ch ra rng b Engine-ECU khng th thc hin mt chc nng no
nh c thit k. V d nh chc nng thi gian qu nhiu thc hin ch iu khin hi tip c
th nhn ra mt trc trc trong h thng.
Loi m bo trc trc ny c th xut hin ngay c khi b Engine-ECU khng th tm ra bt k cc trc trc
no trong mch in ca cc b phn. Kin thc v s hot ng ca b Engine-ECU gip bn phn on ra
v c lp loi trc trc ny.

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TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

4.5.3. n Check engine

Hnh. 1.24
Khi mt m bo trc trc c lu tr th b Engine-ECU s bt n Check engine. M bo trc
trc c lu tr s dng trc tip ngun c quy v khng mt i khi tt cng tc nh la. Trong trng
hp
Hot ng ca chc nng failsafe (chc nng t khc phc) :
Nu mt b phn trc trc l b phn quan trng, nhng khng nh hng nghim trng n s
hot ng ca ng c th b Engine-ECU s chuyn sang ch failsafe.
Ch failsafe l mt b cc gi tr tiu chun c lp trnh trc s cho php ng c
chy trong khi mt s b phn b trc trc. ch ny, ng c s hot ng hiu sut b gim v
kh nng vn hnh ca xe c kh nng b nh hng xu.
Nu nh s trc trc ca cc b phn no xy ra nghim trng, chng hn nh cm bin gc quay
trc khuu, b Engine-ECU khng th cung cp tn hiu nh la v tn hiu iu khin phun nhin liu.

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TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

4.5.4 OBD On Board Diagnostics
c da trn cc tiu chun quc t
Kim sot kh thi
Nhn bit c s thng mch ca cc cm bin v cc b phn
Cc h thng chn on trc trc OBD c da trn cc tiu chun quc t thch hp c ng
dng trn mt s kiu xe vi mc ch tiu chun ha cc chn on trc trc ca xe. H thng s dng
m chn on h hng c thay i ph hp vi vic p dng vo mt h thng OBD. H thng OBD
nhn bit c mc c hi ca thnh phn kh thi ngoi ra cn nhn bit c mch in ca cc
thit b h thng thng thng.
C ba loi OBD:

OBD-II dng cho cc xe theo tiu chun k thut ca M;

- OBD dng cho cc xe theo tiu chun k thut ca EU

J - OBD dng cho cc xe theo tiu chun k thut ca Nht Bn.

Ba loi ny s dng cc phng php nhn bit khc nhau.

M, c quan bo v mi trng (EPA) bt buc cc nh sn xut t phi trang b h thng kim sot
kh thi trong h thng OBD ph hp vi tinh thn Clean Air Act.
Vic trin khai h thng OBD M v Canada
1) OBD-I (89 - 93)
Nhn bit trc trc trong h thng kim sot kh thi v:
Bo cho ngi li xe bit qua n bo MIL - Malfunction Indicator Lamp
Lu tr cc trc trc dng bo m trc trc DTC Diagnostic Trouble Code
2) OBD-II (94 - )
(1) Bo m cho vic sa cha tin cy hn
: Cc trnh t di y phi c thc hin bo m trc trc cng c th c c ti mt xng sa
cha thng thng

Dng c hin sng tiu chun (GST - General Scan Tool)

Cc u ni ng tiu chun (MMC hin s dng u ni 16 chn)

S dng dng m bo trc trc DTC chung

ECU c th c c bng GST
Cc hng mc u theo tiu chun ARB Air Resources Board
: Tiu chun ha cc s tay hng dn sa cha
(2) Cc xe c h thng kim sot kh thi phi c a vo gim st (I/M check).
E-OBD
Chu u mt s tiu chun tng ng vi OBD-II M bt buc phi tun theo ph hp vi yu cu
ca EC l 98/69/EC.
Cc tiu chun ny c gi l On Board Diagnostic ca Chu u hay cn gi l E-OBD. Cc quc gia tham
gia tiu chun ny bo gm 15 nc Chu u, Thy S, Na Uy v Iceland.

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TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

Hnh. 1.25

4.5.5. Kt ni vi cc my chn on MUT-II hoc MUT-III

Cc thit b MUT-II hoc MUT-III c th kt ni trc tip vi Engine-ECU. Sau khi kt ni gic c 12
chn hay 16 chn ta c th thc hin c mt s cng vic sau:
c m li
Kim tra cc d liu v bo dng (thng tin nhn c t cc cm bin),
Xa m li DTC
Lp trnh li ROM bn trong Engine-ECU
iu khin bng tay mt s c cu chp hnh.

c.

Tt c nhng iu ny ch yu gip cho vic chn on v xc nh nhanh chng nhng li trc trc t ng

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TNG QUAN V H THNG MPI

5. Kim tra kin thc
1)
() 14,7 1 .
(b) ( 11:1).
() , .
(d)
.

2)
() MPI Mitsubishi : ,
,
.
(b)
.
()
.

3)
() MPI : ,

(b) .
() .

4)
() ,
.
(b)
,
.
() .

5)
() MPI .
.
(b) MPI (fail-safe).
, .
() MPI .

1 - 28