Name : Beningtyas Kharisma Bestari NPM : 1106004784 Filariasis/ Elephantiasis

Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh Good Morning! How are you today? Im very proud can see you in my presentation. Ya, I want to introduce my self. My name is Beningtyas Kharisma Bestari, and you can call me Bening. I want to say thank you for Allah swt that always give me love, health, and many things
that I need. Second, for Mrs. Titin Ungsianik and my friends that very support me, until I can stand in here and can give a presentation.

In this opportunity, I want to explain and share about one disease that very dangerous. Maybe you know about this disease, the name is Filariasis or Elephantiasis. During 10 minutes, I will explain about the definition, graphs of filariasis cases, causes, how the causes of filariasis enters human body, how the disease growth in human body, and reduce filariasis. Before I start the presentation, I will give you two question. What do you think if you see elephants leg? (audience answer the question) Yes, its very big, rigid, and not very good, especilally for woman. Right? (audience answer) And what do you think if you see humans leg that similar with elephants leg? (audience answer the question) Honestly, Im afraid to see the picture. But, I must see the picture of filariasis. How about you? Afraid? Ya, the humans leg that very perfect can change like elephants leg. Humans leg that similar with elephants leg is named filariasis or elephantiasis. Filariasis is parasitic roundworm infection transmitted by mosquitoes (Marshall, 2007). More than 1.3 billion people in 72 countries worldwide are threatened by lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis. Over 120 million people are currently infected, with about

40 million disfigured and incapacitated by the disease. Many cases of filariasis found in thropic and sub-thropic country, example China, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia. In Indonesia, since 2000 until 2009, there were 11.914 cases. You can see the graph (graph in power point). You can see, every year the case of filariasis always increase. So, if you dont know this disease very well, the case will go up again and again. To know this disease very well, I will explain you about the cause of filariasis. Filariasis is caused by infection with nematodes (roundworms) of the family Filariodidea. There are three types of these thread-like filarial worms:

Wuchereria bancrofti, which is responsible for 90% of the cases Brugia malayi, which causes most of the remainder of the cases B. timori, which also causes the diseases.

The colour of Wuchereria bancrofti is white and rather yellow, straight tail, and dull. Size of masculine wuchereria bancrofti is 35-40 x 0,1 mm, and size of female wuchereria bancrofti is 90-100 x 0,25 mm. Meanwhile, brugia malayi and brugia timori have mouth without lips. The size of female brugia malayi and brugia timori are 55 x 0,16 mm and have straight tail. The size of masculine brugia malayi and brugia timori are 23 x 0,09 mm and have circle tail. You can see the pictures of wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, and brugia timori. (the pictures in power point). How the worms enters the human body? The answer is very easy, you can guest? Ok, I will tell you how the worms enters the human body. The worms enters the human body by mosquito. When mosquito takes a blood meal, worms (larvae infective) enters to skin. In human stages, larvae infective go into lymphatics and grown up become adult worm. Adult worms produce microfilariae or worm child that migrate into lymph and blood channels. When mosquito take a blood meal again, microfilariae enter to mosquitos body and migrate to thoracic muscles. Microfilariae growth become larvae 1 until larvae 3 or larvae infective that already productive to infect the human. When mosquito takes a blood meal, larvae infective enters the human body again. Adult worms lodge in the lymphatic system and disrupt the immune system. They live for 6-8 years and, during their life time, produce millions of microfilariae (small larvae) that circulate in the blood.

There are four spesies of mosquito that can infect human with the larvae infective, that are anopheles, aedes, culex, and mansonia. You can see the pictures. (the pictures in powerpoint). There are three phase when larvae infective enters human body, those are incubation phase, acute inflamation phase, and chronic phase. First, Incubation phase. Incubation phase is phase when larvae infective infect the human body until grown up into adult worm and produce the microfilariae. In incubation phase the lymph nodes wiil be swollen and we will get low-grade fever. Second, acute inflamation phase. Acute inflamation phase is phase when adult worm produce the microfilariae. Lymph nodes that swollen make immune system ask the limfosit, eosinofil, and plasma cell to against the microfilariae until no longer in the blood. Third, chronic phase. Chronic phase occur if there is infection again from larvae infective. This condition make increased connective tissue growth. The result is skin will thicken and bigger than normal condition. Skin that thicken is named filariasis or elephantiasis. Filariasis or elephantiasis can occur in leg, hand, scrotum, and breast. Many cases of filariasis or elephantiasis occur in the world, but only a little cases that have been handled. So we must reduce filariasis with some action. In response, WHO launched its Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) in 2000. The goal of the GPELF is to eliminate lymphatic filariasis as a public-health problem by 2020. The way is mass treatment. Mass treatment can do with give three drugs, those are albendazole 400 mg, DEC 6 mg, and paracetamol 500 mg. Albendazole can increase work of DEC for kill microfilariae and adult worms. DEC can paralyze microfilariae muscles, making it easier to destroy. Albendazole, DEC, and paracetamol giving every year, minimal in five years, 2 hours after eat. With mass treatment, microfilia and adult worm can eliminated. Ok friends, how about my presentation? you understand? Yes, Im very happy if you can understand my presentation. If there is question about my presentation, you can give me the question after this part.

I think my presentation is enough. Thank you for your attention. Assalamualaykum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.

References Chandra, Budiman. 2009. Ilmu kedokteran pencegahan & komunitas. Jakarta: penerbit buku kedokteran EGC. Muslim, M. 2005. Parasitologi untuk keperawatan. Jakarta: penerbit buku kedokteran EGC. http://peternakan.litbang.deptan.go.id/fullteks/lokakarya/lkzo05-38.pdf. Diunduh tanggal 15/09/2012 jam 21:53. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs102/en/index.html. Diunduh tanggal 15/09/2012 jam 21:58. http://pppl.depkes.go.id/_asset/_download/NATIONAL_PLAN_FILARIASIS_2010IND__2010-14.pdf . Diunduh tanggal 15/09/2012 jam 22:08.