Niko Tinbergen 1963 On the aims and methods of ethology. Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie,. 20: p.

410-463
Cele patru intrebari (probleme, moduri de abordare stiintifica) in biologie:

Proximale - Cauzalitate - Ontogeneza adaptativa)

Fundamentale (Ultimate) - Filogeneza - Evolutie (valoarea

De ce se aseaza pasarea pe oua?

De ce nu sta pe o creanga ? De ce nu le mananca?

Intrebari proximale
Cauzalitate
De ce se aseaza pasarea pe
-

oua?

1. stimuli externi (releasers)

Female goose behavior of picking eggs up.

When it sees an egg outside the nest (key stimulus), it begins a repeated movement of dragging the egg with its beak and neck. However, if the eggs slides off or if it is removed by the researcher, the goose continues to repeat the stereotypic movements even if the egg is absent, until it reaches the nest, when then it does it all over again. FAP seems to correspond to a fixed neural circuitry elicited by the overall trigger stimuli. Taken from Etologia Introducin Al Estudio Comparado del Comportamiento I. EiblEibesfeldt Ediciones Omega -

Baerends, G. P., and Kruijt, J. P. Stimulus selection. In R. A. Hinde and J. G. Stevenson-Hinde (Eds.), Constraints on learning. London: Academic Press, 1973. Pp. 23-49.

Baerends & Kruijt

Baerends & Kruijt tehnica titrarii

Niko Tinbergen. The study of instinct. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1951.

Tinbergen and Perdeck, 1950 Behaviour, 3, 1-38

Exista stimuli declansatori si la specia umana?

Intrebari proximale
-

De ce oua?

se aseaza pasarea pe
Ontogeneza

2. conditii interne (fiziologice, biochimice, etc.)

Intrebari fundamentale
-De

ce se aseaza pasarea pe oua?

Filogeneza si valoarea adaptativa a comportamentului de clocire

Cuib de Leipoa ocellata (Megapoda) pana la 12 m. diametru