Quy tc pht m trong ting Anh ca ngi M

Ch nht, 12 Thng 10 2008 23:59 luyn tp, ti thnh tht khuyn bn ng trc gng v nhn cch m v khp ming xc nh xem mnh pht m c ng hay khng. - Nguyn m (vowels): li nm gia khoang ming, v khng chm vo bt c b phn no trong ming. - Ph m (consonants): 3 nhm + mi (lips): pht m, 2 mi phi chm nhau, v d "M", "B", "P"; hoc mi phi chm rng, v d "V", "F". + sau rng (behind the teeth): li chm phn sau ca hm trn, v d "N", "L", "D",... + hng (throat): m i t cung hng (khi pht m phi cm thy cung hng rung), v d "H", "K",... Ngoi ra, ph m cn c chia lm 2 nhm sau: - V thanh (voiceless), hay m c gi: nu bn bn tay trc ming khi pht m, bn s cm thy c gi i ra. - Hu thanh (voiced), hay m khng gi. Tt c nguyn m u l m khng gi. Mt trong nhng "ng dng" quan trng ca cch phn loi ny l pht m danh t s nhiu hoc ng t th hin ti ca ngi th 3 s t, v pht m ng t c quy tc c chia th qu kh. Ti c mt bng tm tt sau:

Ch c 8 ph m c gi, theo th t, bn c th nh bng cu "thong t pha kia sao chi sng png" (trong ting Vit, ch "P" khng kt hp vi nguyn m to t, nn bn chu kh c tri mt cht). V nguyn tc, tt c nhng ng t quy tc tn cng bng ph m c gi, khi chuyn sang th qu kh, "ED" c pht m l "T", v d stopped (/t/); m khng gi, pht m l "D", v d lived (/d/). "S" hoc "ES", c thm vo danh t hoc ng t ngi th 3 s t, c pht m l "S" i vi t tn cng bng m gi, v d thinks (/s/); ngc li, m khng gi, pht m l "Z", v d loves (/z/). Tuy nhin, bn lu 2 trng hp highlight trong bng tm tt. Khi thm "ED" vo ng t tn cng bng m "T" hay "D", bn phi pht m thnh /id/, v d wanted. "S" hoc "ES" sau khi thm vo nhng t tn cng bng m "S", "Z", "/CH/", "/DZ/", "/SH/", "/ZH/" c pht m l /iz/, v d teaches, pronounces.

Cui cng, mt lu rt quan trng, tt c nhng cch phn loi trn y u p dng cho M, ch khng phi CH CI. V d t "laugh" th m tn cng l "F" ch khng phi l "GH" hay "H"; trong khi , t "weigh" c pht m l /wei/, c ngha l tn cng l 1 nguyn m. V vy, bn cn phi c ng theo trong t in trc khi c th p dng cc quy tc pht m ny. (Su tm)