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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 ______________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 
Course Code: BED-527 Methods and Techniques of Teaching Mathematics
Fall Semester April 2006Coordinator:
Dr. Riffat-un-Nisa
Instructor:
Dr. Muhammad Nadeem Anwar 
Introduction:
Mathematics is the pure science which is often referred to as “mother of sciences’. Theimportance of mathematical knowledge can be realized from the fact that almost all educational philosophies have emphasized its teaching at all levels because it develops the abilities of logical and critical thinking among the students. Mathematics is a highly conceptual science andteaching mathematics is not an easy job. It requires highly trained teachers who know conceptlearning and concept teaching in detail. More -over an in-depth knowledge and understanding of latest methods and techniques in teaching of mathematics.Better teaching of Maths leads to better understanding of Maths which in turn results in thedevelopment of science and technology. The following courses are intended to producecompetent teachers of Math having command over contents of class I to X and O’& A’ levels aswell as latest methodologies of teaching them.
Course objectives:
After the successful completion of this course the students would be able to:
Understand the concepts, principles and laws of mathematics
Solve practical problems about various concepts, principles and laws of maths includedin the syllabi up to secondary level
Teach the concepts, principles and laws of mathematics effectively through the practical problems at elementary level
Teach the concepts, principles and laws of math, effectively through the practical problems at secondary level
Apply the basics concepts, laws and principles of maths in solving daily life problemsrelated to maths
Develop analytical thinking, critical thinking and reasoning through mathematical problem solving
 
Course outline
Part-1 : Theoretical PerspectiveUnit -1 : Introduction
What is Mathematics?
The nature of mathematics : The science of logical reasoning
Mathematical language and symbolism
Pure and applied mathematics
Topology
The educational value of mathematics :Practical, disciplinary, social, moral, aesthetic, intellectual, vocational, artistic,economical and scientific values of mathematics
The place of mathematics (scope ) in everyday life
Unit-2: History of Mathematics
The origin of mathematics / forms of mathematics in the beginning
Contributions of the followings in the historical development of mathematics :
The Babylonians
The Egyptians
The Greeks
The Romans
The Chinese
The Arabs / Muslims
The Japanese
The Hindus
Historical review of mathematical developments: From simple arithmetic’s to moderncomputer mathematics
Great Muslims & non-Muslim mathematicians
Unit -3: Structure & Organization of Mathematics
 Number system and comparison of arithmetics
Comparison of structures in the system of natural basic algebraic structures
Group theory, ring theory, field theory and vector space
Modern mathematics: Meaning, need, importance, essentials and applications
Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries
Hilbert’s modified Euclidean geometries: Hyperbolic and elliptical geometrics
Relationship of mathematics with following subjects:
Physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, agriculture, economics, philosophy, logic, finearts, geography, statistics etc.
Part –II: Pedagogical Perspective
Unit-4: Aims and Objectives of Teaching Mathematics
Aims and objectives of teaching mathematics
Objectives of teaching mathematics at elementary level
2
 
Objectives of teaching mathematics at secondary level
Formulation of objectives
Unit-5: Curriculum of Mathematics
Approaches to curriculum development in mathematics
Principles & criteria of curriculum development and design in mathematics
Mathematical projects & problems: Puzzle problems, catch problems, unreal and real problems, oral & written problems, theoretical / conceptual & practical problems
Analyzing & critically evaluating a mathematics syllabus
Why revision of the present curriculum of mathematics and by whom?
Defects in the current teaching of mathematics: Causes & remedies
Topical vs spiral arrangement of content
Unit -6: Methods and Approaches to Teaching of Mathematics
Lecture method / expository method
Dogmatic approach
Inductive and deductive approaches
Heuristic approach
Analytic & synthetic approaches
Laboratory / practical / constructivist approach
Project method
Problem solving method
Topical & concentric approaches
Advance organizer method
Conceptual approach : Concept teaching & concept building
Activity-based method
Selecting & applying an appropriate method or technique of teaching a mathematicaltopic.
Unit-7: Techniques of Teaching Mathematics
Oral and written work (problems and exercises) technique
Drill and homework techniques
Assignment technique
Self-study & supervised study techniques
Group work technique
Unit -8: Planning and Delivering Lessons
How to plan a mathematics lesson?
Lesson planning using a computer 
Planning a lesson manually
Delivering a mathematics’ lesson
Some sample lesson plans
Selecting & applying an appropriate method or technique of teaching a
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