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Mobile and cordless telephones, serum transthyretin and theblood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier: a cross-sectional study
Environmental Health 
2009,
8
:19 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-8-19Fredrik Soderqvist (fredrik.soderqvist@orebroll.se)Michael Carlberg (michael.carlberg@orebroll.se)Lennart Hardell (lennart.hardell@orebroll.se)
ISSN
1476-069X
Article type
Research
Submission date
11 February 2009
Acceptance date
21 April 2009
Publication date
21 April 2009
Article URL
http://www.ehjournal.net/content/8/1/19This peer-reviewed article was published immediately upon acceptance. It can be downloaded,printed and distributed freely for any purposes (see copyright notice below).Articles in
Environmental Health 
are listed in PubMed and archived at PubMed Central.For information about publishing your research in
Environmental Health 
or any BioMed Central journal, go tohttp://www.ehjournal.net/info/instructions/ For information about other BioMed Central publications go tohttp://www.biomedcentral.com/ 
Environmental Health
 © 2009 Soderqvist
et al.
, licensee BioMed Central Ltd.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0),which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 
Mobileandcordlesstelephones,serumtransthyretinandtheblood-cerebrospinalfluidbarrier:across-sectionalstudy
FredrikSöderqvist
1,2§
,MichaelCarlberg
1
,
LennartHardell
11
DepartmentofOncology,UniversityHospital,SE-70185Örebro,Sweden
2
SchoolofHealthandMedicalSciences,UniversityofÖrebro,SE-70182Örebro,Sweden.
§
CorrespondingauthorEmailaddresses:
FS
fredrik.soderqvist@orebroll.se
MC
michael.carlberg@orebroll.se
LH
lennart.hardell@orebroll.se
 
Abstract
Background:
Whetherlow-intensityradiofrequencyradiationdamagestheblood-brainbarrierhaslongbeendebated,butlittleornoconsiderationhasbeengiventotheblood-cerebrospinalfluidbarrier.Inthiscross-sectionalstudywetestedwhetherlong-termand/orshort-termuseofwirelesstelephoneswasassociatedwithchangesintheserumtransthyretinlevel,indicatingalteredtransthyretinconcentrationinthecerebrospinalfluid,possiblyreflectinganeffectofradiation.
Methods:
Onethousandsubjects,500ofeachsexaged18-65years,wererandomlyrecruitedusingthepopulationregistry.DataonwirelesstelephoneusewereassessedbyapostalquestionnaireandbloodsampleswereanalyzedforserumtransthyretinconcentrationsdeterminedbystandardimmunonephelometrictechniquesonaBNProspec
 ® 
instrument.
Results:
Theresponseratewas31.4%.LogisticregressionofdichotomizedTTRserumlevelswithacut-pointof0.31g/lonwirelesstelephoneuseyieldedincreasedoddsratiosthatwerestatisticallynotsignificant.Linearregressionoftimesincefirstuseoverallandonthedaythatbloodwaswithdrawngavedifferentresultsformalesandfemales:formensignificantlyhigherserumconcentrationsofTTRwereseenthelongerananaloguetelephoneoramobileandcordlessdesktoptelephonecombinedhadbeenused,andincontrast,significantlylowerserumlevelswereseenthelongeranUMTStelephonehadbeenused.AdjustmentforfractionsofuseofthedifferenttelephonetypesdidnotmodifytheeffectforcumulativeuseoryearssincefirstuseformobiletelephoneandDECT,combined.Forwomen,linearregressiongaveasignificantassociationforshort-termuseofmobileandcordlesstelephonescombined,indicatingthatthesoonerbloodwaswithdrawnafterthemostrecenttelephonecall,thehighertheexpectedtransthyretinconcentration.
Conclusions:
Inthishypothesis-generatingdescriptivestudytimesincefirstuseofmobiletelephonesandDECTcombinedwassignificantlyassociatedwithhigherTTRlevels

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